Harvesting energy from ambient environment as a power source has attracted a wide attention now. However, it meets with difficulties of achieving high output performance under low excitation frequency. This paper pres...
Harvesting energy from ambient environment as a power source has attracted a wide attention now. However, it meets with difficulties of achieving high output performance under low excitation frequency. This paper presents a low-frequency hybrid energy harvester with high output performance based on frequency-up-conversion (FUC) approach. Under the strike of electromagnetic harvesting suspension structure, the PVDF cantilevers can operate at their resonant frequency with larger amplitude. The power output and energy conversion efficiency can be improved significantly at low frequency excitation. For an excitation acceleration of 0.5g, the peak voltage output of electromagnetic part can reach to 1.9 V at driving frequency of 23.6 Hz. In addition, the peak voltage of PVDF cantilever increases from 30 mV to 3 V and the working frequency increase from 23.6 Hz to 60.6 Hz by using FUC approach.
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process was cartied out in an optimized dual electrolyte system to fabricate a compact, smooth, and corrosion resistant coating on ZK60 Mg alloy. The microstructural characteristics of coat...
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Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process was cartied out in an optimized dual electrolyte system to fabricate a compact, smooth, and corrosion resistant coating on ZK60 Mg alloy. The microstructural characteristics of coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Test of mass loss was conducted at a 3.5 % NaCl solution to assess the resistance to corrosion. The bonding strength between the coating and ZK60 substrate was evaluated using scratch experiment. The results reveal that MgA1204 and MgO are the main phases of ceramic coating obtained in the dual electrolyte system. The corrosion rate of coating prepared in the optimized dual electrolyte is only 0.0061 g.m-2.h-1, which demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance. This is mainly due to the compact, uniform coating with high bonding strength.
Carbon-doped Ti-O films were deposited on steel and silicon wafer by DC reaction magnetron sputtering(R-MS)using CO as carbon and oxygen source.A series of films were prepared by means of changing the flow of CO or ...
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Carbon-doped Ti-O films were deposited on steel and silicon wafer by DC reaction magnetron sputtering(R-MS)using CO as carbon and oxygen source.A series of films were prepared by means of changing the flow of CO or *** effects of annealing temperature ranging from 300 to 650℃ on the properties of Ti-O films under vacuum were studied.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electronic microscope(FESEM) were employed to analyze and observe structure and morphology of after-annealed Ti-O ***-indentation was used to measure nano-hardness and modulus,and recovery was also calculated by the curves of *** and thickness were estimated by surface *** results showed that i)the doping of carbon was beneficial to the crystallization of the films,ii)the particle size of Ti-O films increased with the increase of annealing temperature,iii)as-prepared carbon-doped Ti-O films have fair mechanical performance.
The microstructure evolution of heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the multi-pass underwater welded joints is investigated in the present work, and it can be characterized by four zones, marked as Region A, B, C and D, res...
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The microstructure evolution of heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the multi-pass underwater welded joints is investigated in the present work, and it can be characterized by four zones, marked as Region A, B, C and D, respectively. The microstructure in Region A is the mixture of lath martensite and residual austenite. Besides this structure, lots of acicular ferrite appears in Region B as well, and the grain size becomes larger. Lath ferrite combined with granular bainite is observed in Region C. In Region D, tempered sorbite, granular bainite and fine acicular ferrite are found within the grains, while massive ferrite and Widmanstatten structure are distributed along the grain boundary: The thermal effect of multi-pass welding makes the microstructure and property more and more uniform in the ttAZ, and the largest hardness 356 HV in the HAZ appears in Region A.
The practical design of GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) incorporating a field plate (FP) structure necessitates an understanding of their working mechanism and optimization criteria. In this work, the inf...
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The practical design of GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) incorporating a field plate (FP) structure necessitates an understanding of their working mechanism and optimization criteria. In this work, the influences of the parameters of FPs upon breakdown of the diode are investigated in detail and the design rules of FP structures for GaN-based SBDs are presented for a wide scale of material and device parameters. By comparing three representative dielectric materials (SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3) selected for fabricating FPs, it is found that the product of dielectric permittivity and critical field strength of a dielectric material could be used as an index to predict its potential performance for FP applications.
The oxidation properties of Fe-20Cr, Fe-20Cr-0.2Dy and Fe-20Cr-lDy alloys were studied using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The high-temperature oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys were prepared in air...
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The oxidation properties of Fe-20Cr, Fe-20Cr-0.2Dy and Fe-20Cr-lDy alloys were studied using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The high-temperature oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys were prepared in air at 900 ℃for 24, 48 and 100 h, respectively. The electrochemical experiment was performed by a three-electrode electrochemical cell and in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Proper models were built for describing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the different oxide layers and the spectra were interpreted in terms of a two-layer model of the films. The results revealed that the oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys became compacter than that of undoped alloys and retained their good protective ability for a relatively long time. With increasing content of Dy, the protection of the oxide films slightly decreased. Mott-Schottky curves indicated that all the oxides were n-type semi-conductors, and the Nd value of oxide film on Fe-20Cr was much larger than that of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys. The results of kinetic curves and SEM were in agreement with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky data.
The Sn9Zn eutectic alloy is the nontoxic lead-free solders alternative having a melting temperature which is closest to that of the eutectic SnPb alloy. In order to improve the properties of SnZn lead-free solders, 0-...
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The Sn9Zn eutectic alloy is the nontoxic lead-free solders alternative having a melting temperature which is closest to that of the eutectic SnPb alloy. In order to improve the properties of SnZn lead-free solders, 0-0.5 wt.% of rare earth Er was added to the base alloys, and the microstructures were studied. Results showed that the addition of rare earth Er could enhance the wettability of SnZn solders, with 0.08%Er addition, the spreading area gavc an 19.1% increase. And based on the mechanical testing, it was found that the tensile force and shear force of SnZn-xEr solder joints could be improved significantly. Moreover, the oxidation resistance of SnZn0.08Er solder was better than that of SnZn solder, in addition, it was found that trace amounts of rare earth Er could refine the microstructures of SnZn solders, espe- cially for Zn-rich phases, and excessive amount of rare earth Er led to a coarse microstructure.
Preform design plays an important role in forging design especially for parts with complex shapes. In this paper, an attempt was made to develop a topological approach in the preform design of bulk metal forming proce...
Preform design plays an important role in forging design especially for parts with complex shapes. In this paper, an attempt was made to develop a topological approach in the preform design of bulk metal forming processes based on the Bi-direction evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) strategy. In this approach, a new element addition and removal criteria based on the equivalent strain have been proposed for evaluating and optimizing the material flow in the forging process. To obtain a smooth preform boundary, a closed B-spline curve based on the least square approximation algorithm is employed to approximate the uneven surface of updated preform. An inhouse developed C♯ program has been employed to integrate the FE simluation, shape optimsation and surface approximation process. A 2D blade forging perform design problem are evaluate using the developed method. The results suggest that the optimized preform has shown better performance in improving the material flow and deformation uniformity during the forging. The results also demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the developed preform design optimization method.
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