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Underestimated benefits of NO_(x) control in reducing SNA and O_(3) based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 57-67页

作者： Shuping Zhang Haotian Zheng Jun Liu Yao Shi Tianzeng Chen Chaoyang Xue Fenfen Zhang Yueqi Jiang Xiangping Zhang Shovan Kumar Sahu Biwu Chu Jia Xing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology Beijing 100028China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003China Centre for Climate Research Singapore Meteorological Service SingaporeSingapore 537054Singapore

Substantial NO_(x) emission mitigation is crucial for the synergistic reduction of particulate matter and ozone(O_(3))pollution in *** traditional air quality model does not consider heterogeneous HONO chemistry,leading to uncertainties in estimating the benefits of NO_(x) *** studies have shown that the parameterization of heterogeneous HONO formation increases both the simulated value of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium(SNA)and that of O_(3),thus adding the heterogeneous reactions of HONO into air quality models inevitably leads to changes in the estimated benefits of NO_(x) *** we investigated the changes in SNA and O_(3)concentrations from NO_(x) emission reduction before and after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ)*** heterogeneous HONO reactions in the simulation improved the benefits of NO_(x) reduction in terms of SNA control in *** 80%NO_(x) reduction,the reduction in SNA increased from 36.9%without considering heterogeneous HONO reactions to 42.8%with heterogeneous HONO *** reduction in the maximum daily 8h average(MDA8)O_(3)in summer caused by NO_(x) reduction increased slightly from 4.7%to 5.2%after adding heterogeneous HONO *** results in this study highlight the enhanced effectiveness of NO_(x) controls for the reduction of SNA and O_(3)after considering heterogeneous HONO formation in a complex chemical ambient,demonstrating the importance of NO_(x) controls in reducing PM2.5 and O_(3)pollution in China.

关键词： Heterogeneous HONO NO_(x) reduction PM_(2.5) O_(3)

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The Increasing Role of Synergistic Effects in Carbon Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement, and Its Associated Health Benefits in China

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Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 103-111页

作者： Jie Wang Xi Lu Pengfei Du Haotian Zheng Zhaoxin Dong Zihua Yin Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of the EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects;hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO_(2), NOx, and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% confidential interval: 0.28–0.30) PM2.5-attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.

关键词： Synergistic effects Indicator Carbon mitigation Air pollution control Spatial and temporal disparities

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Data quality evaluation and calibration of on-road remote sensing systems based on exhaust plumes

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 317-326页

作者： Shijie Liu Xinlu Zhang Linlin Ma Liqiang He Shaojun Zhang Miaomiao Cheng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

In recent years,with rapid increases in the number of vehicles in China,the contribution of vehicle exhaust emissions to air pollution has become increasingly *** achieve the precise control of emissions,on-road remote sensing(RS)technology has been developed and applied for law enforcement and ***,data quality is still an existing issue affecting the development and application of *** this study,the RS data from a cross-road RS system used at a single site(from 2012 to 2015)were collected,the data screening process was reviewed,the issues with data quality were summarized,a new method of data screening and calibration was proposed,and the effectiveness of the improved data quality control methods was finally *** results showed that this method reduces the skewness and kurtosis of the data distribution by up to nearly 67%,which restores the actual characteristics of exhaust diffusion and is conducive to the identification of actual clean and high-emission *** annual variability of emission factors of nitric oxide decreases by 60%-on average-eliminating the annual drift of fleet emissions and improving data reliability.

关键词： On-road remote sensing(RS) Data quality Spearman rank correlation Least-square regression with a non-zero intercept Cook value

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Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of Legionella

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 173-183页

作者： Menghao Chen Liangliang Shi Gang Liu Xiaojin Wu Yun Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reclaimed water utilization provides an effective way to alleviate water ***,the residual pathogens in the recycled water like Legionella,could be spread into the air as aerosols through water-to-air transmission *** the aerosols by the people nearby increases their susceptibility to *** estimating the health risks associated with the potential exposure of airborne Legionella emitted from the urban use of reclaimed water in China,nationwide questionnaire was designed to investigate the exposure habits of Chinese population in different *** microbial risk assessment(QMRA)served as the suitable explanatory tool to estimate the *** results indicated that annual infection probability of populations exposed to Legionella for three scenarios,0.0764(95%CI:0.0032−0.6880)for road cleaning,1.0000(95%CI:0.1883−1.0000)for greenfield irrigation,0.9981(95%CI:0.0784−1.0000)for landscape fountain,were markedly higher than the threshold recommended by WHO(10^(−4) per person per year(pppy))according to the concentration distribution of Legionella in the reclaimed *** age-,educational background-,region-and gender-specific data in annual infection probability also showed different tendencies for some *** study provides some detailed information on the health risks from the water reuse in China and will be useful to promote the safe application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas.

关键词： Legionella QMRA Reclaimed water Aerosol Water reuse

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Adhesive surface-enhanced Raman scattering Cu-Au nanoassembly for the sensitive analysis of particulate matter

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 35-44页

作者： Ning Wang Zhiqiang Gan Fengkui Duan Hui Chen Chensheng Ma Jie Ji Zhenli Sun MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has been used in atmospheric aerosol detection as it enables the high-resolution analysis of particulate ***,its use in the detection of historical samples without damaging the sampling membrane while achieving effective transfer and the high-sensitivity analysis of particulate matter from sample films remains *** this study,a new type of SERS tape was developed,consisting of Au nanoparticles(NPs)on an adhesive double-sided Cu film(DCu).The enhanced electromagnetic field generated by the coupled resonance of the local surface plasmon resonances of AuNPs and DCu led to an enhanced SERS signal with an experimental enhancement factor of 10^(7).The AuNPs were semi-embedded and distributed on the substrate,and the viscous DCu layer was exposed,enabling particle *** substrates exhibited good uniformity and favorable reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 13.53%and 9.74%respectively,and the substrates could be stored for 180 days with no signs of signal *** application of the substrates was demonstrated by the extraction and detection of malachite green and ammonium salt particulate *** results demonstrated that SERS substrates based on AuNPs and DCu are highly promising in real–world environmental particle monitoring and detection.

关键词： Surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering Particulate matter Adhesive plasmonic coupling Electromagnetic enhancement

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Enhancing ozone catalytic decomposition through acid treatment ofα-MnO_(2) for improved activity and humidity resistance

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 35-45页

作者： Shangchao Xiong Kai Zhang Zhenghao Xu Hongjun Ou Yuanyuan Zheng Xi Li Yue Peng Xubiao Luo Junhua Li School of Life Sciences Jinggangshan UniversityJi’an 343009China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Post-etching method using dilute acid solutions is an effective technology to modulate the surface compositions of metal-oxide *** theα-MnO_(2) catalyst treated with 0.1 mol/L nitric acid exhibits higher ozone decomposition activity at high relative humidity than the counterpart treated with acetic *** the increases in surface area and lattice dislocation,the improved activity can be due to relatively higher Mn valence on the surface and newly-formed Brønsted acid sites adjacent to oxygen *** remnant nitro species deposited on the catalyst by nitric acid treatment is ideal hydrophobic groups at ambient *** decomposition route is also proposed based on the DRIFTS and DFT calculations:ozone is facile to adsorb on the oxygen vacancy,and the protonic H of Brønsted acid sites bonds to the terminal oxygen of ozone to accelerate its cleavage to O_(2),reducing the reaction energy barrier of O_(2) desorption.

关键词： Ozone decomposition α-MnO_(2) Brønsted acid sites H-bonds Post-etching

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Photodegradation of xylene isomers:Kinetics,mechanism,secondary pollutant formation potential and health risk evaluation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 658-669页

作者： Xiaoyan Chen Weikun Zhu Sufen Feng Jiangyao Chen Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and HealthSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Photodegradation technology has been widely applied in the purification of industrial aromatic ***,whether this technology efficiently removes the pollutants to prevent secondary pollution and health risk is still ***,the photodegradation processes of three xylenes were compared under designed reaction atmospheres and light *** lamp showed poor photodegradation ability toward xylenes,no matter in N_(2) or N_(2)+O_(2)system,while much higher photodegradation performance of xylenes were obtained under ultraviolet(UV)and vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)irradiation,especially in N_(2)+O_(2)+VUV system,where 97.9%of m-xylene,99.0%of o-xylene or 87.5%of p-xylene with the initial concentration of 860 mg/m^(3) was removed within 240 *** xylenes underwent three processes of photo-isomerization,photodecomposition and photo-oxidation to produce intermediates of aromatics,alkanes and *** them,the photo-isomerization products showed the highest concentration percentage(e.g.,≥50%in o-xylene system),confirming that photo-isomerization reaction was the dominated photodegradation process of ***,these isomerized products not only contributed about 97%and91%to the formation potential of O3(OFP)and secondary organic aerosols(SOAFP),but also displayed obvious non-carcinogenic risk,although one of photodecomposition product—benzene showed the highest occupational exposure ***,the secondary pollution and health risks of photodegradation products of xylenes were non-ignorable,although the OFP,SOAFP and health risks of the generated products reduced at least 4.5 times in comparison with that of the degraded *** findings are helpful for the appropriate application of this technology in the purification of industrial organic waste gas.

关键词： Isomer aromatics Photodegradation Ozone formation Secondary organic aerosols Health risk

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Competing esterification and oligomerization reactions of typical long-chain alcohols to secondary organic aerosol formation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 103-112页

作者： Jiaxin Wang Xiaohui Ma Yuemeng Ji Yongpeng Ji Yanpeng Gao Yuqi Xiao Guiying Li Taicheng An Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and HealthInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution controlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green DevelopmentSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Organosulfate (OSA) nanoparticles,as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compositions,are ubiquitous in urban and rural ***,we systemically investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-butanol/1-decanol (BOL/DOL) and their roles in the formation of OSA nanoparticles by using quantum chemical and kinetic *** mechanism results show that the aqueous-phase reactions of BOL/DOL start from initial protonation at alcoholic OH^(-)groups to form carbenium ions (CBs),which engage in the subsequent esterification or oligomerization reactions to form OSAs/organosulfites (OSIs) or *** kinetic results reveal that dehydration to form CBs for BOL and DOL reaction systems is the rate-limiting ***,about 18%of CBs occur via oligomerization to dimers,which are difficult to further oligomerize because all reactive sites are *** rate constant of BOL reaction system is one order of magnitude larger than that of DOL reaction system,implying that relative short-chain alcohols are more prone to contribute OSAs/OSIs than long-chain *** results reveal that typical long-chain alcohols contribute SOA formation via esterification rather than oligomerization because OSA/OSI produced by esterification engages in nanoparticle growth through enhancing hygroscopicity.

关键词： Long-chain alcohols Organosulfates Aqueous phase reaction Reaction mechanisms Secondary organic aerosol

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Demulsification with simultaneous water purification by coupling filtration and enhanced oil droplet coalescence at anode interface in an electrochemical reactor

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第12期146卷 118-126页

作者： Xi Li Gong Zhang Chengzhi Hu Huachun Lan Huijuan Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

With the increasing demand of recycling disposal of industrial wastewater,oil-in-water(O/W)emulsion has been paid much attention in recent years owing to its high oil ***,due to the presence of surfactant and salt,the emulsion was usually stable with complex physicochemical interfacial properties leading to increased processing ***,a novel flow-through electrode-based demulsification reactor(FEDR)was well designed for the treatment of saline O/W *** contrast to 53.7%for electrical demul-sification only and 80.3%for filtration only,the COD removal efficiency increased to 92.8%under FEDR ***,the pore size of electrode and the applied voltage were two key factors that governed the FEDR demulsification *** observing the mor-phology of oil droplets deposited layer after different operation conditions and the behavior of oil droplets at the electrode surface under different voltage conditions,the mechanism was proposed that the oil droplets first accumulated on the surface of flow-through elec-trode by sieving effect,subsequently the gathered oil droplets could further coalesce with the promoting effect of the anode,leading to a high-performing *** study offers an attractive option of using flow-through electrode to accomplish the oil recovery with simultaneous water purification.

关键词： Flow-through electrode Enhanced oil droplet coalescence Demulsification Oil/water emulsion separation

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Year-round changes in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide caused by COVID-19 in China using satellite observation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第10期132卷 162-168页

作者： Zhenyu Luo Hailian Xu Zhining Zhang Songxin Zheng Huan Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The lockdown policy deals a severe blow to the economy and greatly reduces the nitrogen oxides(NOx)emission in China when the coronavirus 2019 spreads widely in early *** we use satellite observations from Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument to study the year-round variation of the nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))tropospheric vertical column density(TVCD)in *** NO_(2)TVCD reveals a sharp drop,followed by small fluctuations and then a strong rebound when compared to *** the end of 2020,the annual average NO_(2)TVCD declines by only 3.4%in Chinamainland,much less than the reduction of 24.1%in the lockdown *** the basis of quantitative analysis,we find the rebound of NO_(2)TVCD is mainly caused by the rapid recovery of economy especially in the fourth quarter,when contribution of industry and power plant on NO_(2)TVCD continues to *** revenge bounce of NO_(2)indicates the emission reduction of NOx in lockdown period is basically offset by the recovery of economy,revealing the fact that China’s economic development and NOx emissions are still not *** efforts are still required to stimulate low-pollution development.

关键词： COVID-19 Tropospheric NO2 TROPOMI Economy recovery Environment sustainability

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