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Fiber Society's Spring 2015 Conference, in conjunction with the 2015 International Conference on Advanced Fibers and Polymer Materials: Functional Fibers and Textiles

作者： Schreyack, Gretchen E. Fetz, Allison E. Bowlin, Gary L. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Memphis-UTHSC-Memphis Biomedical Engineering Program Memphis University of Memphis and Joint TN United States

Here we present a system for air-impedance electrospinning to generate templates with optimized pore sizes that allow for directed 3D Articular Cartilage (AC, a.k.a. hyaline cartilage) engineering.

关键词： Pore size

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Impairment of muscle force transmission in spastic-paretic muscles of stroke survivors

Impairment of muscle force transmission in spastic-paretic m...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Xiaogang Hu Babak Afsharipour William Zev Rymer Nina L. Suresh Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill NC State University Sensory Motor Performance Program of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physiology Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University The Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation at Northwestern University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702198

Hemispheric stroke survivors tend to have persistent motor impairments, with muscle weakness and muscle spasticity observed concurrently in the affected muscles. The objective of this preliminary study was to identify whether impairment of muscle force transmission could contribute to weakness in spastic-paretic muscles of chronic stroke survivors. To characterize the efficiency of the transmission of muscle forces to the tendon, we activated biceps brachii muscle electrically by stimulating the musculocutaneous nerve with maximum current. The ratio between the elicited maximum twitch force amplitude and the maximum M-wave peak-peak amplitude was calculated as a measure of the efficiency of force transmission. Based on the preliminary results of two stroke survivors, we show that the Force/M-wave ratio was reduced in the affected biceps brachii muscles in comparison with the contralateral muscles, indicating a potential impairment in the muscle force transmission in the affected muscles. Our findings suggest that disrupted muscle force transmission to the tendon could contribute to weakness in spastic muscles of chronic stroke survivors.

关键词： Muscles Force Electrodes Tendons Electromyography Force measurement Electronic mail

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Author Correction: MusMorph, a database of standardized mouse morphology data for morphometric meta-analyses

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Scientific data 2023年第1期10卷 420页

作者： Jay Devine Marta Vidal-García Wei Liu Amanda Neves Lucas D Lo Vercio Rebecca M Green Heather A Richbourg Marta Marchini Colton M Unger Audrey C Nickle Bethany Radford Nathan M Young Paula N Gonzalez Robert E Schuler Alejandro Bugacov Campbell Rolian Christopher J Percival Trevor Williams Lee Niswander Anne L Calof Arthur D Lander Axel Visel Frank R Jirik James M Cheverud Ophir D Klein Ramon Y Birnbaum Amy E Merrill Rebecca R Ackermann Daniel Graf Myriam Hemberger Wendy Dean Nils D Forkert Stephen A Murray Henrik Westerberg Ralph S Marcucio Benedikt Hallgrímsson Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary 28 Oki Dr NW Calgary AB T3B 6A8 Canada. The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary 3280 Hospital Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 4Z6 Canada. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada. Department of Biology McMaster University 1280 Main St W Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada. School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh 3501 Terrace St Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA. Orthopaedic Trauma Institute ZSFG UCSF 2550 23rd St San Francisco CA 94110 USA. Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada. Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Department of Biomedical Sciences Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California Los Angeles 2250 Alcazar St Los Angeles CA 90033 USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles 1975 Zonal Ave Los Angeles CA 90033 USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada. Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems (ENyS) CONICET Av. Calchaquí 5402 Florencio Varela Buenos Aires Argentina. Information Sciences Institute Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey CA 90292 USA. Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Dr NW Calgary AB T2N 4N1 Canada. Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Rd Stony Brook NY 11794 USA. Department of Craniofacial Biology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus 12801 East 17th Ave Aurora CO 80045 USA. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University o

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Author Correction: An atlas of dynamic chromatin landscapes in mouse fetal development

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Nature 2020年第7831期586卷 E31页

作者： David U Gorkin Iros Barozzi Yuan Zhao Yanxiao Zhang Hui Huang Ah Young Lee Bin Li Joshua Chiou Andre Wildberg Bo Ding Bo Zhang Mengchi Wang J Seth Strattan Jean M Davidson Yunjiang Qiu Veena Afzal Jennifer A Akiyama Ingrid Plajzer-Frick Catherine S Novak Momoe Kato Tyler H Garvin Quan T Pham Anne N Harrington Brandon J Mannion Elizabeth A Lee Yoko Fukuda-Yuzawa Yupeng He Sebastian Preissl Sora Chee Jee Yun Han Brian A Williams Diane Trout Henry Amrhein Hongbo Yang J Michael Cherry Wei Wang Kyle Gaulton Joseph R Ecker Yin Shen Diane E Dickel Axel Visel Len A Pennacchio Bing Ren Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research La Jolla CA USA. Center for Epigenomics University of California San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla CA USA. Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA. Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London London UK. Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla CA USA. Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla CA USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego School of Medicine La Jolla CA USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Penn State School of Medicine Hershey PA USA. Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Genetics Stanford CA USA. Genomic Analysis Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla CA USA. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla CA USA. Institute for Human Genetics and University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA. Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA. Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA. avisel@lbl.gov. US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA. avisel@lbl.gov. School of Natural Sciences University of California Merced Merced CA USA. avisel@lbl.gov. Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA. lapennacchio@lbl.gov. US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA. lapennacchio@lbl.gov. Comparative Biochemistry Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Exploring low internal reorganization energies for silicene nanoclusters

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Pablo-Pedro, Ricardo Lopez-Rios, Hector Mendoza-Cortes, Jose-L Kong, Jing Fomine, Serguei van Voorhis, Troy Dresselhaus, Mildred S. Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 70-360 CU Coyoacán Ciudad de México04510 Mexico Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Florida A&M University Florida State University Joint College of Engineering Tallahassee FL32310 United States Scientific Computing Department Materials Science and Engineering Program High Performance Material Institute Condensed Matter Theory National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

High-performance materials rely on small reorganization energies to facilitate both charge separation and charge transport. Here, we performed DFT calculations to predict small reorganization energies of rectangular silicene nanoclusters with hydrogen-passivated edges denoted by H-SiNC. We observe that across all geometries, H-SiNCs feature large electron affinities and highly stabilized anionic states, indicating their potential as n-type materials. Our findings suggest that fine-tuning the size of H-SiNCs along the "zigzag" and "armchair" directions may permit the design of novel n-type electronic materials and spinctronics devices that incorporate both high electron affinities and very low internal reorganization energies. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicene

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Exploring Low Internal Reorganization Energies for Silicene Nanoclusters

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

关键词： Silicene

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

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Archives of virology 2021年第12期166卷 3567-3579页

作者： Jens H Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard R Agwanda Rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V Alkhovsky Gaya K Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J Ballinger Christopher F Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J Bennett Dennis A Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H Bird Carol D Blair Kim R Blasdell Dag-Ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B Borth Steven Bradfute Rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A Brown Judith K Brown Ursula J Buchholz Michael J Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran Rémi N Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-Ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J Christopher S Clegg Ian Crozier Elena Dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie Rik L de Swart Humberto Debat Nolwenn M Dheilly Emiliano Di Cicco Nicholas Di Paola Francesco Di Serio Ralf G Dietzgen Michele Digiaro Olga Dolnik Michael A Drebot J Felix Drexler William G Dundon W Paul Duprex Ralf Dürrwald John M Dye Andrew J Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W Ferguson Anthony R Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B H Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura R Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L Goldberg Martin H Groschup Stephan Günther Roy A Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki Roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S Hu Tao Hu Holly R Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H Hyndman M Ilyas Risto Jalkanen Dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondō Eugene V Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J Lambert Stanley L Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J Lefkowitz Eric M Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jiànróng Lǐ Huazhen Liu Igor S Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H Marshall Shin-Yi L Marzano Se Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA. Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya. Division Phytomedicine Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Moscow Russia. Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA. Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain. Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Insitute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Athens GA USA. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA. Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt Frederick MD USA. Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. UFyMA INTA-CONICET Cordoba Argentina. Genomics and Bioinformatics D

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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