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检索条件"机构=Joint Research Institute in Signal and Image Processing"

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The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for 3-D state estimation from rectified stereo cameras

The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for 3-D state estimation from rec...

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作者： Clark, Daniel E. Ivekovič, Špela Joint Research Institute in Signal and Image Processing Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh United Kingdom Royal Society of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780982443811

It is well known that any 3-D state estimate computed from stereo camera measurements is corrupted by heteroscedastic noise due to the nature of the perspective projection. It is also well understood that the image measurements used to estimate the 3-D state are inherently noisy. Despite the wealth of research in this area, the accurate statistical characterisation of the uncertainty for any 3-D state estimation from stereo algorithm is less well understood. This paper presents the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for 3-dimensional state estimation from a rectified stereo pair of cameras. The paper also presents a method for efficient stereo estimation via Bayesian triangulation that achieves the CRLB. These results provide a basis for 3-D statistical estimation for camera-based sensor measurements.

关键词： State estimation

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First-moment multi-object forward-backward smoothing

First-moment multi-object forward-backward smoothing

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International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： Daniel E. Clark Joint Research Institute in Signal and Image Processing Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK

The optimal solution to the problem of detecting, tracking and identifying multiple targets can be found through a direct generalisation of the Bayes filter to multi-object systems using Mahler's Finite Set Statistics. Due to the inherent complexity of the multi-object Bayes filter, Mahler proposed to propagate the first-order multi-object moment density, known as the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD), instead of the multi-object posterior. This was derived using the concept of the probability generating functional (***.) from point process theory. In this paper, I derive multi-object first-moment smoothers for forward-backward smoothing through a new formulation of the ***. smoother which takes advantage of the ***. Bayes update. This formulation permits the straightforward derivation of first-moment multi-object smoothers, including the PHD smoother.

关键词： Markov processes Smoothing methods Equations joints Probability Target tracking Time measurement

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An overview of indoor OFDM/DMT optical wireless communication systems

An overview of indoor OFDM/DMT optical wireless communicatio...

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2010 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital signal processing, CSNDSP 2010

作者： Meslehz, Raed Elgalaz, Hany Haas, Harald Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 Research I 28759 Bremen Germany Institute for Digital Communications Joint Research Institute for Signal and Image Processing University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781861353696

This paper is an overview of indoor OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)/DMT (discrete multitone) optical wireless (OW) communication systems. Indoor OW OFDM/DMT systems can be classified into two groups. One group produces half-wave symmetry time signal at the output of the OFDM modulator by special assignment of subcarriers. Thus, allowing signal clipping at the zero level and avoiding the need of DC bias at the expense of data rate reduction. ACOOFDM (asymmetrically clipped OFDM system) and PAM (pulse amplitude modulation)-DMT are two techniques from the first group. The second group assigns data to all possible subcarriers to increase the data rate. However, half-wave symmetry signals cannot be achieved and DC bias is needed to convert the bipolar signal to a unipolar signal before modulating the LED (light emitting diode) intensity. DC-biased OFDM and a novel technique, proposed in this paper, called orthogonal PAM-DMT (OPAM-DMT) that is an extension of the proposed PAM-DMT by using discrete sine transform and discrete cosine transform to transmit two orthogonal signals at the same time, are two techniques from the second group. This paper considerers a practical LED model and studies the performance of all these systems in terms of average electrical OFDM signal power versus bit-error-ratio (BER) in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). It is shown that LED clipping has significant impact on the performance of all these systems and the performance of these systems substantially depends on the considered modulation order. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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On the Clipping Noise in an ACO-OFDM Optical Wireless Communication System

On the Clipping Noise in an ACO-OFDM Optical Wireless Commun...

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2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010

作者： Svilen Dimitrov Harald Haas Institute of Digital Communications Joint Research Institute of Signal and Image Processing University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

In this paper, the clipping noise in an asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) wireless communication system is derived semi-analytically. Clipping noise in ACO-OFDM is introduced either because of insufficient forward biasing of the emitter, or a low power sensitivity of the detector. Following the Bussgang theorem, the non-linear distortion caused by the clipping of the time domain signal attenuates the frequency domain subcarriers at the receiver and adds zero-mean Gaussian noise. The attenuation factor and the clipping noise variance are determined and verified through simulation. Finally, bit-error ratio (BER) and goodput simulations compare the performance of ACO-OFDM with a direct-current-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) system for different clipping levels and multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) schemes.

关键词： OFDM Optical distortion Optical attenuators Noise Wireless communication Optical receivers Nonlinear optics

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PATH TRACING IN TOR NETWORKS

PATH TRACING IN TOR NETWORKS

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European signal processing Conference

作者： Nick Johnson Steve McLaughlin John Thompson Institute for Digital Communications Joint Research Institute for Signal & Image Processing School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh

Internet based communications methods use channels which cross many nodes in their routes between source and destination. The user often has little or no control in the routing process and may be concerned that the medium is insecure. To combat this, privacy preserving networks have been developed in an attempt to allow secure, private internet-based communication. Whilst these networks employ high levels of encryption between nodes, it is possible to track a users data by correlating input and output streams. This paper addresses the implementation of the algorithm first proposed by Danezis for determining the exit node of data injected into a privacy preserving network, such as Tor. The algorithm is discussed along with some modifications and assumptions necessary for implementation. Results gained from applying the algorithm to data from a real Tor network are presented and discussed.

关键词： Delays Privacy Routing Internet Correlation Indexes Computer science

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A Novel 3D Regular-Shaped Geometry-Based Stochastic Model for Non-Isotropic MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Channels

A Novel 3D Regular-Shaped Geometry-Based Stochastic Model fo...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Xiang Cheng Cheng-Xiang Wang Yi Yuan David I. Laurenson Xiaohu Ge Joint Research Institute of Signal and Image Processing Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK Joint Research Institute of Signal and Image Processing University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK Department of Electronics and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional (3D) regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (RS-GBSM) for non-isotropic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M2M) Ricean fading channels. The proposed model, combining a two-sphere model and an elliptic-cylinder model, is the first 3D RS-GBSM that has the ability to investigate the impact of the vehicular traffic density (VTD) on channel statistics and jointly consider the azimuth angle and elevation angle. From the proposed model, the space-time (ST) correlation function (CF) and the corresponding space-Doppler (SD) power spectral density (PSD) are derived. Finally, some numerical results and interesting observations are given.

关键词： Three dimensional displays Solid modeling MIMO Azimuth Fading Adaptation model Channel models

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One-bit feedback algorithm with decreasing step size for distributed beamforming

One-bit feedback algorithm with decreasing step size for dis...

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International Workshop on Cognitive Wireless Systems (UKIWCWS), UK-India-IDRC

作者： Shuo Song John S. Thompson Institute of Digital Communications Joint Research Institute of Signal & Image Processing School of Engineering University of Edinburgh UK

An iterative algorithm with a decreasing step size is proposed for distributed transmit beamforming to achieve carrier phase alignment at the receiver. The transmitters apply random perturbations on their phase offsets and adjust them based on one bit feedback from the receiver in each iteration. The perturbation step size becomes smaller when the phase angles at the receiver get closer to coherence. The step size is decreased by a specified ratio every time the number of successive failed perturbations surpasses a certain threshold. The proposed algorithm has an improvement in the convergence speed of phase alignment compared to the original iterative algorithm in the literature which has a fixed step size during the convergence process.

关键词： Receivers Transmitters Array signal processing Convergence Algorithm design and analysis signal processing algorithms Simulation

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A Simplified Unbiased MMSE Metric Based QRDM Decoder for MIMO Systems

A Simplified Unbiased MMSE Metric Based QRDM Decoder for MIM...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCom)

作者： Xiang Wu John S. Thompson Institute of Digital Communications Joint Research Institute of Signal & Image Processing School of Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

In contrast to the conventional QR-decomposition M (QRDM) algorithm, the unbiased MMSE metric based QRDM algorithm exploits MMSE metric instead of the maximum likelihood (ML) metric, leading to enhanced performance with less complexity. However, for an efficient hardware implementation, the sorting stages involved at every QRDM detection stage can still be quite time and resource consuming. Hence, we propose a simplified QRDM approach, denoted as S-QRDM, which only performs the full enumeration (FE) on certain number of top search layers, while utilizing the single enumeration (SE) for the remaining search layers. Therefore, the need for the sorting process for those layers is eliminated and the required number of multipliers is reduced simultaneously. The proposed S-QRDM detector has been implemented on a state-of-the-art Xilinx FPGA device and the results indicate that the proposed approach is more efficient in either logic or computational FPGA resources compared to the original algorithm.

关键词： MIMO Measurement Field programmable gate arrays Sorting Iron Complexity theory Algorithm design and analysis

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An adaptive rate compress-and-forward cooperation for virtual-MIMO systems

An adaptive rate compress-and-forward cooperation for virtua...

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International Workshop on Cognitive Wireless Systems (UKIWCWS), UK-India-IDRC

作者： Jing Jiang John S. Thompson Xiang Wu Peter M. Grant Institute of Digital Communications Joint Research Institute of Signal & Image Processing School of Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

A practical virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system that implements compress-and-forward (CF) cooperation is proposed in this paper. Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) technique is implemented here to provide forward error correction and improve the system performance. A closed-form union bound for the system error probability is derived, based on which we prove that the smallest singular value of the cooperative channel matrix dominates the system error performance. Accordingly, an adaptive rate CF scheme is proposed, which uses the smallest singular value as the switching criterion. Depending on the instantaneous channel conditions, the relay could therefore choose various quantization rates. It is shown that the adaptive rate CF scheme eliminates unnecessary complexity for the quantization at the relay, and enables the virtual-MIMO system to achieve almost MIMO performance.

关键词： Bit error rate Receivers Relays MIMO Quantization Transmitters Modulation

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Higher layer synchronization in an ECMA-368 ultra wideband network

Higher layer synchronization in an ECMA-368 ultra wideband n...

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IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband

作者： Anyaegbu, Margaret U. Weir, Alexander Wang, Cheng-Xiang Joint Research Institute for Signal and Image Processing School of EPS Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom TES Electronic Solutions Edinburgh EH28 8LP United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781424453061

An algorithm for implementing higher layer synchronization in ECMA-368 networks is being developed within the framework of the EUWB research and development project. In this paper, we adapt three synchronization algorithms used in wireless sensor networks to suit an Ultra Wideband (UWB) network and evaluate their performance in order to determine the best algorithm for a video streaming application scenario. We also propose some extensions to the ECMA-368 standard that would facilitate the implementation of these algorithms. For these purposes, we have simulated a UWB beacon group in OPNET. We observe that the algorithms that correct for clock drift are better suited for implementation in a UWB network. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronization

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