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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION networks AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2011年第3-4期7卷 229-248页

作者： Liao, Lingxia Lin, Kai Wang, Xiaofei Lai, Xiaorong Vuong, Son T. Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC V6T IZ4 Canada Dalian Univ Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Dalian Liaoning Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 30518 South Korea Confederal Networks Inc Renton WA 98056 USA Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Beijing Peoples R China China Coal Automat Res Inst Beijing Peoples R China Univ British Columbia Comp Sci NIC Lab Vancouver BC Canada

As the swift development and deployment of WiFi networking infrastructure with the lower price to provide the wider coverage, WiFi-based positioning approaches have been one of the 'best practices' in both outdoor and indoor environment. In this paper, an overview of various approaches for WiFi-based positioning is presented. The WiFi-based positioning approaches are categorised into cell-ID, angle of arrival (AOA), received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA). The basic idea and ranging accuracy are presented to compare the different approaches. As the most practical methods, fingerprinting and TDOA approaches are elaborated and some advanced methods based on them are also provided to show the improvement. The different approaches are basically evaluated by their ranging accuracy, but the system privacy and scalability, as the other two key directions to evaluate a positioning system, are also discussed in this paper.

关键词： WiFi positioning triangulation angle of arrival AOA fingerprinting off-line training online positioning time of arrival TOA time difference of arrival TDOA

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Implementation of SDR TWSTFT in UTC Computation

Implementation of SDR TWSTFT in UTC Computation

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49th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting

作者： Jiang, Zhiheng Arias, Felicitas Zhang, Victor Huang, Yi-Jiun Achkar, Joseph Piester, Dirk Lin, Shinn-Yan Wu, Wenjun Naumov, Andrey Yang, Sung-hoon Nawrocki, Jerzy Sesia, Ilaria Schlunegger, Christian Liang, Kun Fujieda, Miho BIPM Sevres France NIST Div Time & Frequency 325 Broadway Boulder CO 80305 USA Chunghwa Telecom Telecommun Labs Natl Stand Time & Frequency Lab Taipei Taiwan PSL Res Univ Sorbonne Univ CNRS OP LNE SYRTEObserv Paris Paris France PTB Bundesallee 100 D-38116 Braunschweig Germany NTSC Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China FGUP VNIIFTRI SU Main Metrol Ctr State Serv Time & Frequency Moscow Russia KRISS Daejeon South Korea AOS Res Ctr Borowiec Poland IT INRIM Ist Nazl Ric Metrol I-10135 Turin Italy CH METAS Fed Inst Metrol Lindenweg 50 CH-3003 Bern Switzerland NIM Beijing 100029 Peoples R China PSL Res Univ Sorbonne Univ Observ Paris SYRTECNRS Paris France NICT Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9780936406169

Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT or TW for short) is one of the primary techniques for the realization of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is computed by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). TWSTFT is carried out continuously by about 20 timing laboratories around the world. One limiting factor of the TWSTFT performance is the daily pattern (diurnals) in the TWSTFT data. Their peak-to-peak variations were observed as up to 2 ns in some extreme cases. They must be attributed to the equipment on ground or the satellite transponder, but no clear understanding has been achieved for some years. In 2014 and 2015, it was demonstrated inlinks between Asian stations that the use of Software-Defined Radio (SDR) receivers for TWSTFT could considerably reduce the diurnals and also the TWSTFT measurement noise. In 2016, BIPM and the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) working group (WG) on TWSTFT launched a pilot study on the application of SDR receivers in the Asia to Asia, Asia to Europe, Europe to Europe and Europe to USA TWSTFT networks. The very first results of the pilot study have been reported to the PTTI 2017. The results show, 1) for continental (short) links: SDR TWSTFT demonstrates a significant gain in reducing the diurnals by a factor of two to three;2) for inter-continental (very-long) links: SDR TWSTFT displays a small gain of measurement noise at short averaging times;3) SDR receivers show superior or at least similar performance compared with SATRE(dagger) measurements for all links. The CCTF WG on TWSTFT prepared a recommendation "On Improving the uncertainty of Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) in UTC Generation" for the 21st CCTF meeting. One of the recommended items is to introduce the use of SDR TWSTFT in UTC generation. The recommendation was approved by CCTF during the meeting in June 2017. In the current setups, a SDR receiver and the collocated SATRE modem receive the

关键词： Software radio

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Dielectric Meta-Holograms Enabled with Dual Magnetic resonances in Visible Light

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ACS NANO 2017年第9期11卷 9382-9389页

作者： Li, Zile Kim, Inki Zhang, Lei Mehmood, Muhammad Q. Anwar, Muhammad S. Saleem, Murtaza Lee, Dasol Ki Tae Nam Zhang, Shuang Luk'yanchuk, Boris Wang, Yu Zheng, Guoxing Rho, Junsuk Qiu, Cheng-Wei Wuhan Univ Sch Elect Informat Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Dept Mech Engn Pohang 37673 South Korea Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Phys Elect & Devices Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Photon Tech Xian 710049 Peoples R China Informat Technol Univ Punjab Dept Elect Engn Ferozpur Rd Lahore 54000 Pakistan LUMS Dept Phys SBASSE Opposite Sect UDHA Lahore 54792 Pakistan Seoul Natl Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Univ Birmingham Sch Phys & Astron Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England ASTAR Data Storage Inst 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis 138634 Singapore Wuhan Res Inst Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Opt Commun Technol & Networks Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Dept Chem Engn Pohang 37673 South Korea Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn 4 Engn Dr 3 Singapore 117583 Singapore Shenzhen Univ SZU NUS Collaborat Innovat Ctr Optoelect Sci & Te Shenzhen 518060 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Phys & Math Sci Div Phys & Appl Phys Singapore 637371 Singapore Lomonosov Moscow State Univ Fac Phys Moscow 119991 Russia

Efficient transmission-type meta-holograms have been demonstrated using high-index dielectric nanostructures based on Huygens principle. It is crucial that the geometry size of building blocks be judiciously optimized individually for spectral overlap of electric and magnetic dipoles. In contrast, reflection-type meta-holograms using the metal/insulator/metal scheme and geometric phase can be readily achieved with high efficiency and small thickness. Here, we demonstrate a general platform for design of dual magnetic resonance based meta-holograms based on the geometric phase using silicon nanostructures that are quarter wavelength thick for visible light. Significantly, the projected holographic image can be unambiguously observed without a receiving screen even under the illumination of natural light. Within the well-developed semiconductor industry, our ultrathin magnetic resonance-based meta-holograms may have promising applications in anticounterfeiting and information security.

关键词： metasurfaces dielectric nanostructures magnetic resonance image hologram

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resEARCH AND STANDARDS: ADVANCED CLOUD AND VIRTUALIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR 5G networks (PART II)

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2015年第12期53卷 51-52页

作者： Zheng, Kan Taleb, Tarik Ksentini, Adlen I, Chih-Lin Magedanz, Thomas Ulema, Mehmet Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Beijing Peoples R China Aalto Univ Sch Engn Espoo Finland NEC Europe Ltd Heidelberg Germany Tohoku Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci Sendai Miyagi 980 Japan Intelligent Cosmos Res Inst Sendai Miyagi Japan Univ Rennes 1 F-35014 Rennes France China Mobile Res Inst Wireless Technol Adv Wireless Commun R&D Efforts Beijing Peoples R China AT&T Bell Labs Wireless Commun Fundamental Res Dept Murray Hill NJ USA AT&T Murray Hill NJ USA Wireless Commun Infrastruct & Access Technol New York NY USA ITRI Taipei Taiwan Hong Kong ASTRI Wireless Commun Technol Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong ASTRI Commun Technol Domain Hong Kong Peoples R China Tech Univ Berlin Elect Engn & Comp Sci Fac Chair Next Generat Networks Berlin Germany Next Generat Network Infrastruct Competence Ctr Fraunhofer Inst FOKUS Berlin Germany Manhattan Coll Comp Informat Syst Dept New York NY USA Daewoo Telecom Seoul South Korea BELLCORE Piscataway NJ USA AT&T Bell Labs Murray Hill NJ USA Hazeltine Corp New York NY USA

The evolution of mobile network architecture is an essential part in the development process of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular mobile systems, and that is through the incorporation of advanced cloud technologies and network function virtualization techniques. The new network architecture needs to support a wide range of high data rate applications and services, offering capacities of up to multiple gigabits per second, yet meeting extremely stringent latency and reliability requirements under a diverse variety of scenarios. Thus, the automation of network control and overall system management to achieve such an ambitious set of performance targets became crucial. Significant global effort for the necessary new technologies has been initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： 5G mobile communication Computer architecture Conferences Mobile computing Wireless communication

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Estimation of RF and ELF dose by anatomical location in the brain from wireless phones in the MOBI-Kids study

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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 163卷 107189页

作者： Calderon, Carolina Castano-Vinyals, Gemma Maslanyj, Myron Wiart, Joe Lee, Ae-Kyoung Taki, Masao Wake, Kanako Abert, Alex Badia, Francesc Hadjem, Abdelhamid Kromhout, Hans de Llobet, Patricia Varsier, Nadege Conil, Emmanuelle Choi, Hyung-Do Sim, Malcolm R. Cardis, Elisabeth UK Hlth Secur Agcy Chem Radiat & Environm Hazards Didcot OX11 0RQ Oxon England Barcelona Inst Global Hlth ISGlobal 88 Doctor Aiguader E-08003 Barcelona Spain Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ Madrid Spain IMIM Hosp del Mar Med Res Inst Barcelona Spain WHIST Lab Common Lab Orange Labs R&D Issy Les Moulineaux France Inst Mines Telecom Issy Les Moulineaux France Inst Polytech Paris Telecom Paris LTCI F-91120 Palaiseau France Elect & Telecommun Res Inst ETRI Radio Technol Res Dept Daejeon South Korea Tokyo Metropolitan Univ Grad Sch Engn Dept Elect Engn Tokyo Japan Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Radio Res Inst Electromagnet Stand Res Ctr Electromagnet Compatibil Lab Koganei Tokyo Japan Univ Autonoma Barcelona Barcelona Spain Univ Utrecht Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS Utrecht Netherlands Agence Natl FRequences ANFR Maisons Alfort France Monash Univ Alfred Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci Commercial Rd Melbourne Vic 3004 Australia

Wireless phones (both mobile and cordless) emit not only radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) but also extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, both of which should be considered in epidemiological studies of the possible adverse health effects of use of such devices. This paper describes a unique algorithm, developed for the multinational case-control MOBI-Kids study, that estimates the cumulative specific energy (CSE) and the cumulative induced current density (CICD) in the brain from RF and ELF fields, respectively, for each subject in the study (aged 10-24 years old). Factors such as age, tumour location, self-reported phone models and usage patterns (laterality, call frequency/duration and hands-free use) were considered, as was the prevalence of different communication systems over time. Median CSE and CICD were substantially higher in GSM than 3G systems and varied considerably with location in the brain. Agreement between RF CSE and mobile phone use variables was moderate to null, depending on the communication system. Agreement between mobile phone use variables and ELF CICD was higher overall but also strongly dependent on communication system. Despite ELF dose distribution across the brain being more diffuse than that of RF, high correlation was observed between RF , ELF dose. The algorithm was used to systematically estimate the localised RF and ELF doses in the brain from wireless phones, which were found to be strongly dependent on location and communication system. Analysis of car-tographies showed high correlation across phone models and across ages, however diagonal agreement between these cartographies suggest these factors do affect dose distribution to some level. Overall, duration and number of calls may not be adequate proxies of dose, particularly as communication systems available for voice calls tend to become more complex with time.

关键词： ELF-EMF RF-EMF Mobile phones Dose algorithm Exposure assessment Brain tumour

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Use of software-defined radio receivers in two-way satellite time and frequency transfers for UTC computation

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METROLOGIA 2018年第5期55卷 685-698页

作者： Jiang, Zhiheng Zhang, Victor Huang, Yi-Jiun Achkar, Joseph Piester, Dirk Lin, Shinn-Yan Wu, Wenjun Naumov, Andrey Yang, Sung-hoon Nawrocki, Jerzy Sesia, Ilaria Schlunegger, Christian Yang, Zhiqiang Fujieda, Miho Czubla, Albin Esteban, Hector Rieck, Carsten Whibberley, Peter BIPM Sevres France NIST 325 Broadway Boulder CO 80305 USA Chunghwa Telecom Telecommun Labs TL Natl Stand Time & Frequency Lab Chungli Chinese Taipei Taiwan Univ PSL Sorbonne Univ CNRS OP LNE SYRTEObserv Paris 61 Ave Observ F-75014 Paris France PTB Bundesallee 100 D-38116 Braunschweig Germany NTSC Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China FGUP VNIIFTRI SU VNIIFTRI Main Metrol Ctr State Serv Time & Fre Mendeleyevsk Moscow Region Russia KRISS Daejeon South Korea AOS Space Res Ctr Astrogeodynam Observ Borowiec Poland IT INRIM Ist Nazl Ric Metrol I-10135 Turin Italy CH METAS Fed Inst Metrol METAS Lindenweg 50 CH-3003 Bern Switzerland NIM Beijing 100029 Peoples R China NICT Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Tokyo Japan PL GUM Cent Off Measures Warsaw Poland ROA Real Inst Observ Armada San Fernando Spain RISE SP Res Inst Sweden Boras Sweden NPL Teddington Middx England

Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) is a primary technique for the generation of coordinated universal time (UTC). About 20 timing laboratories around the world continuously operate TWSTFT using satellite time and ranging equipment (SATRF(19)) modems for remote time and frequency comparisons in this context. The precision of the SATRE TWSTFT as observed today is limited by an apparent daily variation pattern (diurnal) in the TWSTFT results. The observed peak-to-peak variation have been found as high as 2 ns in some cases. Investigations into the origins of the diurnals have so far provided no complete understanding about the cause of the diurnals. One major contributor to the diurnals, however, could be related to properties of the receive part in the modem. In 2014 and 2015, it was demonstrated that bypassing the receive part and the use of software-defined radio (SDR) receivers in TWSTFT ground stations (SDR TWSTFT) instead could considerably reduce both the diurnals and the measurement noise. In 2016, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) working group (WG) on TWSTFT launched a pilot study on the application of SDR receivers in the TWSTFT network for UTC computation. The first results of the pilot study were reported to the CCTF WG on TWSTFT annual meeting in May 2017, demonstrating that SDR TWSTFT shows superior performance compared to that of SATRF TWSTFT for practically all links between participating stations. In particular, for continental TWSTFT links, in which the strongest diurnals appear, the use of SDR TWSTFT results in a significant suppression of the diurnals by a factor of between two and three. For the very long inter-continental links, e.g. the Europe-to-USA links where the diurnals are less pronounced, SDR TWSTFT achieved a smaller but still significant gain of 30%. These findings are supported by an evaluation of some of the links with an alternate t

关键词： UTC TWSTFT SDR diurnal uncertainty time transfer

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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2017 challenge results 16

The Visual Object Tracking VOT2017 challenge results

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16th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Kristan, Matej Leonardis, Ales Matas, Jiri Felsberg, Michael Pflugfelder, Roman Zajc, Luka Cehovin Vojir, Tomas Hager, Gustav Lukezic, Alan Eldesokey, Abdelrahman Fernandez, Gustavo Garcia-Martin, Alvaro Muhic, A. Petrosino, Alfredo Memarmoghadam, Alireza Vedaldi, Andrea Manzanera, Antoine Tran, Antoine Alatan, Aydin Mocanu, Bogdan Chen, Boyu Huang, Chang Xu, Changsheng Sun, Chong Du, Dalong Zhang, David Du, Dawei Mishra, Deepak Gundogdu, Erhan Velasco-Salido, Erik Khan, Fahad Shahbaz Battistone, Francesco Subrahmanyam, Gorthi R. K. Sai Bhat, Goutam Huang, Guan Bastos, Guilherme Seetharaman, Guna Zhang, Hongliang Li, Houqiang Lu, Huchuan Drummond, Isabela Valmadre, Jack Jeong, Jae-Chan Cho, Jae-Il Lee, Jae-Yeong Noskova, Jana Zhu, Jianke Gao, Jin Liu, Jingyu Kim, Ji-Wan Henriques, Joao F. Martinez, Jose M. Zhuang, Junfei Xing, Junliang Gao, Junyu Chen, Kai Palaniappan, Kannappan Lebeda, Karel Gao, Ke Kitani, Kris M. Zhang, Lei Wang, Lijun Yang, Lingxiao Wen, Longyin Bertinetto, Luca Poostchi, Mahdieh Danelljan, Martin Mueller, Matthias Zhang, Mengdan Yang, Ming-Hsuan Xie, Nianhao Wang, Ning Miksik, Ondrej Moallem, P. Venugopal, Pallavi M. Senna, Pedro Torr, Philip H. S. Wang, Qiang Yu, Qifeng Huang, Qingming Martin-Nieto, Rafael Bowden, Richard Liu, Risheng Tapu, Ruxandra Hadfield, Simon Lyu, Siwei Golodetz, Stuart Choi, Sunglok Zhang, Tianzhu Zaharia, Titus Santopietro, Vincenzo Zou, Wei Hu, Weiming Tao, Wenbing Li, Wenbo Zhou, Wengang Yu, Xianguo Bian, Xiao Li, Yang Xing, Yifan Fan, Yingruo Zhu, Zheng Zhang, Zhipeng He, Zhiqun Univ Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Univ Birmingham Birmingham W Midlands England Czech Tech Univ Prague Czech Republic Linkoping Univ Linkoping Sweden Austrian Inst Technol Seibersdorf Austria Aselsan Res Ctr Yenimahalle Ankara Turkey Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Beijing Peoples R China Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Dalian Peoples R China Univ Paris Saclay ENSTA ParisTech St Quentin En Yvelines St Aubin France ETRI Daejeon South Korea GE Global Res Niskayuna NY USA Hong Kong Polytech Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Horizon Robot Inc Beijing Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China Indian Inst Space Sci & Technol Trivandrum Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India TelecomSudParis Inst Mines Telecom Evry Essonne France KAUST Thuwal Saudi Arabia Middle East Tech Univ Ankara Turkey Natl Univ Def Technol Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Naval Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA The Foundry London England Univ Autonoma Madrid Madrid Spain Univ Fed Itajuba Itajuba Brazil SUNY Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Univ Calif Merced Merced CA USA Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Univ Isfahan Esfahan Iran Univ Missouri Columbia Columbia MO USA Univ Oxford Oxford England Univ Sci & Technol China Yunnan Kunming Peoples R China Univ Surrey Guildford Surrey England Univ Parthenope Naples Naples Italy Univ Politehn Bucuresti Bucharest Romania Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538610343

The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2017 is the fifth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. results of 51 trackers are presented;many are state-of-the-art published at major computer vision conferences or journals in recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies and a new "real-time" experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The VOT2017 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) improving the VOT public dataset and introducing a separate VOT2017 sequestered dataset, (ii) introducing a realtime tracking experiment and (iii) releasing a redesigned toolkit that supports complex experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).

关键词： Target tracking Visualization Benchmark testing Conferences Computer vision Standards Performance evaluation

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Wireless phone use in childhood and adolescence and neuroepithelial brain tumours: results from the international MOBI-Kids study

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ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 160卷 107069页

作者： Castano-Vinyals, G. Sadetzki, S. Vermeulen, R. Momoli, F. Kundi, M. Merletti, F. Maslanyj, M. Calderon, C. Wiart, J. Lee, A-K Taki, M. Sim, M. Armstrong, B. Benke, G. Schattner, R. Hutter, H-P Krewski, D. Mohipp, C. Ritvo, P. Spinelli, J. Lacour, B. Remen, T. Radon, K. Weinmann, T. Petridou, E. Th Moschovi, M. Pourtsidis, A. Oikonomou, K. Kanavidis, P. Bouka, E. Dikshit, R. Nagrani, R. Chetrit, A. Bruchim, R. Maule, M. Migliore, E. Filippini, G. Miligi, L. Mattioli, S. Kojimahara, N. Yamaguchi, N. Ha, M. Choi, K. Kromhout, H. Goedhart, G. 't Mannetje, A. Eng, A. Langer, C. E. Alguacil, J. Aragones, N. Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. Badia, F. Albert, A. Carretero, G. Cardis, E. Barcelona Inst Global Hlth ISGlobal 88 Doctor Aiguader E-08003 Barcelona Spain Univ Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ Madrid Spain IMIM Hosp del Mar Med Res Inst Barcelona Spain Sheba Med Ctr Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res Canc & Radiat Epidemiol Unit Tel Hashomer Israel Tel Aviv Univ Sackler Fac Med Tel Aviv Israel Minist Hlth Jerusalem Israel Univ Utrecht Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS Utrecht Netherlands Univ Ottawa Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Ottawa ON Canada Risk Sci Int Ottawa ON Canada Med Univ Vienna Ctr Publ Hlth Dept Environm Hlth Vienna Austria Univ Turin Dept Med Sci Canc Epidemiol Unit Turin Italy CPO Piemonte Turin Italy UK Hlth Secur Agcy Didcot Oxon England Inst Polytech Paris Lab Traitement & Commun Informat LTCI Telecom Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Elect & Telecommun Res Inst ETRI Radio Technol Res Dept Daejeon South Korea Tokyo Metropolitan Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Tokyo Japan Monash Univ Sch Epidemiol & Prevent Med Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Populat & Global Hlth Perth WA 6009 Australia Univ Ottawa Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Fac Med Ottawa ON Canada Univ Ottawa McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment Fac Med Ottawa ON Canada Univ Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada York Univ Toronto ON Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Populat & Publ Hlth Vancouver BC Canada CHRU French Natl Registry Childhood Solid Tumors Nancy France Paris Univ Ctr Res Epidemiol & Stat CRESS Epidemiol Childhood & Adolescent Canc Team EPICEA Inserm UMR 1153 Paris France Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Inst & Clin Occupat Social & Environm Med Univ Hosp Munich Germany Hellen Soc Social Pediat & Hlth Promot Athens Greece Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Med Sch Dept Hyg & Epidemiol Athens Greece Tata Mem Hosp Ctr Canc Epidemiol Kharghar 410210 Navi Mumbai India Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS Achterstr 30 D-28359 Bremen Germany Carlo Besta Fdn S

In recent decades, the possibility that use of mobile communicating devices, particularly wireless (mobile and cordless) phones, may increase brain tumour risk, has been a concern, particularly given the considerable increase in their use by young people. MOBI-Kids, a 14-country (Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain) case-control study, was conducted to evaluate whether wireless phone use (and particularly resulting exposure to radiofrequency (RF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF)) increases risk of brain tumours in young people. Between 2010 and 2015, the study recruited 899 people with brain tumours aged 10 to 24 years old and 1,910 controls (operated for appendicitis) matched to the cases on date of diagnosis, study region and age. Participation rates were 72% for cases and 54% for controls. The mean ages of cases and controls were 16.5 and 16.6 years, respectively;57% were males. The vast majority of study participants were wireless phones users, even in the youngest age group, and the study included substantial numbers of long-term (over 10 years) users: 22% overall, 51% in the 20-24-year-olds. Most tumours were of the neuroepithelial type (NBT;n = 671), mainly glioma. The odds ratios (OR) of NBT appeared to decrease with increasing time since start of use of wireless phones, cumulative number of calls and cumulative call time, particularly in the 15-19 years old age group. A decreasing trend in ORs was also observed with increasing estimated cumulative RF specific energy and ELF induced current density at the location of the tumour. Further analyses suggest that the large number of ORs below 1 in this study is unlikely to represent an unknown causal preventive effect of mobile phone exposure: they can be at least partially explained by differential recall by proxies and prodromal symptoms affecting phone use before diagnosis of the cases. We can

关键词： Brain tumours Mobile phones Wireless phones Young people Radiofrequency radiation Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

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