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12th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 2007

作者： Gu, N. Gül, L.F. Maher, M.L. School of Architecture Built Environment University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308 Australia Key Centre of Design Computing Cognition University of Sydney Camperdown 2006 Australia

Within most architecture and design schools, 3D virtual worlds are traditionally perceived and used as a CAAD tool for modelling and collaboration. Building on the understanding of virtual worlds as the extension of our physical environments where people can inhabit and participate in a variety of activities, we teach designing virtual worlds as a design subject which considers 3D virtual worlds as a different kind of environment design other than a technical tool for supporting design simulation and collaboration. This paper reports on our teaching experience, as well as discusses the principles for designing and teaching in 3D virtual worlds.

关键词： Teaching

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Comparing entropy measures of idea links in design protocols: Linkography entropy measurement and analysis of differently conditioned design sessions

Comparing entropy measures of idea links in design protocols...

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作者： Kan, Jeff W. T. Bilda, Zafer Gero, John S. Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition University of Sydney Sydney Australia Creativity and Cognition Studios University of Technology Sydney Australia Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering George Mason University Fairfax VA United States Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design and Planning University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

This paper explores using Shannon's entropy of information to measure linkographs of 1.2 design sessions that involved six architects in two different experimental conditions. The aim is to find a quantitative tool to interpret the linkographs. This study examines if the differences in the design processes and the design outcomes can be reflected in the entropie interpretations. The results show that the overall entropy of one design condition is slightly higher than the other. Further, there are indications that the change of entropy might reflect design outcomes. Copyright © 2007 Cambridge University Press.

关键词： Entropy

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Motivated reinforcement learning for adaptive characters in open-ended simulation games

Motivated reinforcement learning for adaptive characters in ...

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4th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACE 2007

作者： Merrick, Kathryn Elizabeth Maher, Mary Lou School of Information Technologies University of Sydney National ICT Australia Key Centre for Design Computing and Cognition University of Sydney

ISBN: (纸本)1595936408

Recently a new generation of virtual worlds has emerged in which users are provided with open-ended modelling tools with which they can create and modify world content. The result is evolving virtual spaces for commerce, education and social interaction. In general, these virtual worlds are not games and have no concept of winning, however the open-ended modelling capacity is nonetheless compelling. The rising popularity of open-ended virtual worlds suggests that there may also be potential for a new generation of computer games situated in open-ended environments. A key issue with the development of such games, however, is the design of non-player characters which can respond autonomously to unpredictable, open-ended changes to their environment. This paper considers the impact of open-ended modelling on character development in simulation games. Motivated reinforcement learning using context-free grammars is proposed as a means of representing unpredictable, evolving worlds for character reasoning. This technique is used to design adaptive characters for the Second Life virtual world to create a new kind of open-ended simulation game. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： Interactive computer graphics

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Inspecting interior built environments using Augmented Reality-based autonomous robot

Inspecting interior built environments using Augmented Reali...

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24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2007

作者： Wang, Xiangyu Kwok, Ngai Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design and Planning University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Faculty of Engineering University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9788190423519

During the past several years, there has been an increasing interest in deploying mobile robots to inspect building structures. Augmented Reality (AR), which can impose digital information into the real working space, has been proved to be effective in providing most relevant information in an intuitive manner. Combining the strength of these two technologies, this paper proposed an Augmented Reality-based autonomous robotic inspection system for interior built environments. A novel path-planning optimization algorithm was also developed to improve the success of the main goal of the robot using specialized sensors when available. The algorithm can also avoid obstacles and cycles in the search, and handling errors. Experimentation on the effectiveness of this algorithm and system was conducted and the preliminary results are discussed in this paper.

关键词： Inspection

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Can an objective measurement of design protocols reflect the quality of a design outcome?

Can an objective measurement of design protocols reflect the...

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16th International Conference on Engineering design, ICED 2007

作者： Kan, Jeff W.T. Gero, John S. Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design and Planning University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering George Mason University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1904670024

In this paper we develop a method for measuring the design process and correlate it with the assessment of the design outcome. We used linkography - a technique used in analyzing design protocols - which is reported to reveal the quality of design ideas and to capture the interconnectivity of ideas in the design process. Previous studies found that Shannon's entropy as a measure of a linkograph might indicate design outcomes. This paper reports on an empirical verification that design outcomes can be correlated to the entropic interpretations of a linkograph. Experimental data from protocol studies of six designers performing two similar design tasks in two different conditions were analysed. In one condition the designers were blindfolded during designing, and then given a relatively short time to draw their design at the end of the session. In the other condition the designers were allowed to sketch. We focus on the three highest scored and the three lowest scored design sessions. Their verbalization during the design session were segmented and coded to produce linkographs. The entropy and the change of entropy over time of these linkographs were studied in relation to the design outcomes. Our results demonstrate that entropy measurement of linkographs provides a way of to study design protocols and show that the design outcome is more related to the rate of change of entropy than to the entropy alone.

关键词： Entropy

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Collaborative design in a Tabletop System employing Tangible User Interfaces

Collaborative Design in a Tabletop System employing Tangible...

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International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in design

作者： Mi Jeong Kim Mary Lou Maher Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)1424409624

Tabletop systems including novel user interfaces provide an effective platform for design collaboration. This research studied the effects of a tabletop system with tangible user interfaces on designers' spatial cognition and design communication in collaborative design. The empirical results reveal that the use of TUIs changed designers' spatial cognition, and that these changes affected the design process by increasing characteristics associated with creative design processes.

关键词： User interfaces cognition Collaborative work Process design Computer interfaces International collaboration Computer displays Human computer interaction Computer architecture Communication channels

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design, strategies, and issues towards an Augmented Reality-based construction training platform

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Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction 2007年 12卷 363-380页

作者： Wang, Xiangyu Dunston, Phillip S. Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design and Planning University of Sydney Australia School of Civil Engineering Purdue University United States

This paper provides information on Augmented Reality (AR) and their potential applications in heavy construction equipment operator training. Augmented Reality involves the use of special display and tracking technology that are capable of seamlessly merging digital (virtual) contents into real environments. Augmented Reality technology has been applied in many application domains outside construction (e.g., medical applications and surgeries, military training and warfare, manufacturing assembly and maintenance, design and modeling, precinct specific instant information, and various forms of entertainment) and the ever-increasing power of hardware rendering systems and tracking technology should motivate the creation of AR-based systems to benefit construction industry. This paper discusses the potentials of AR in construction equipment operation and operator training. A construction application for AR technology focused in this paper is an AR-hased real world Training System (ARTS) that trains the novice operators in a real worksite environment populated with virtual materials and instructions. This paper focuses on the conceptual design and development of mechanisms/strategies for the ARTS in the context of certain identified application scenarios. Discussion of limitations of Augmented Reality technology for construction applications include mature of technology, data resource, technology transfer, social attitude, etc., is also presented.

关键词： Personnel training

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Specifying Augmented Virtuality Systems for Creative Architectural design

Specifying Augmented Virtuality Systems for Creative Archite...

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International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV)

作者： Xiangyu Wang Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design & Planning University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Despite active research in Virtual and Augmented Reality, the emerging new technology of Augmented Virtuality (AV) has rarely been explored in the architecture arena. Augmented Virtuality, where a predominantly virtual environment is enhanced by the addition of real entities, provides a means to merge richly layered, multi-modal, 3D real context and experience acquired from the real world into virtual architectural designs. There are no noted investigations on principles of implementing AV concept in the context of architectural design with the purpose of maximizing its full potentials. This paper discusses issues and approaches in establishing scientific principles for applying AV technology in supporting architectural design comprehension. As an initial effort towards those issues, the paper also formulates a comprehensive taxonomy for specifying A V technology for architectural applications.

关键词： Augmented virtuality Virtual reality Virtual environment Computer architecture Visualization Augmented reality Application software Collaborative work Technological innovation Displays

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A cognitive and computational basis for designing

A cognitive and computational basis for designing

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16th International Conference on Engineering design, ICED 2007

作者： Gero, John S. Smith, Gregory J. Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study Volgenau School of Information Technology and Engineering George Mason University VA 22030 United States Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)1904670024

This paper presents a set of concepts that provides the cognitive and computational foundations for answering fundamental questions about designerly behaviour. A design agent should be dynamic and able to handle changes in external representations that describe its designs and changes in how it is guided by its past experiences. Such a view of agency is afforded by situated design computing and can represent and explain much designerly behaviour. It can model how a designer can commence designing before all the requirements have been specified, how two designers presented with the same specifications produce different designs, how the same designer later confronted with the same requirements produces a different design to the previous one, and how a designer can change their design trajectory during the activity of designing. This view is built upon three foundational concepts: knowledge grounded in interaction, constructive memory, situatedness. The concepts build on notions of memory that are often traced back to Dewey and Bartlett, although we use contemporary descriptions. Memory is not understood primarily as allowing for the retrieval of an object from a data store by knowing its physical location;it is guiding an experience in a fashion similar to how past experiences progressed, and recognising that this is so. The paper explicates experiences and situations and discusses implementation requirements.

关键词： Constructive memory design agent Experience Situatedness

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Experimental Study on Augmented Reality Potentials in Urban design

Experimental Study on Augmented Reality Potentials in Urban ...

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International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV)

作者： Xiangyu Wang Rui Chen Yan Gong Yi-Ting Hsieh Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition Faculty of Architecture Design & Planning University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Faculty of Architecture Design & Planning University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Urban design is generally a pre-organizing process of land usage and is traditionally regarded as a highly collaborative activity. Augmented reality (AR) technology, the addition of virtual entities into the real world view, can support design assessment and collaboration within design team. This paper presented an experimental study that investigated the capability of Augmented Reality in the field of urban design and other related design tasks which involve group design and planning processes. Two realistic urban design scenarios were used to compare the performance between two treatments: the traditional wood block (TWB) method and the AR technology (ART). The results obtained from this experiment showed that although some technical difficulties in the AR system introduced negative performance factors on the outcome, all the subjects believed that the system holds significant potentials in urban design.

关键词： Augmented reality Urban planning Process planning Visualization Computer architecture Australia Process design Online Communities/Technical Collaboration Collaborative work cognition

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