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Efficient single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration for partially entangled photon pairs

Physical Review A 2012年第1期85卷 012307-012307页

作者： Yu-Bo Sheng Lan Zhou Sheng-Mei Zhao Bao-Yu Zheng Institute of Signal Processing Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China College of Telecommunications & Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Ministry of Education Nanjing 210003 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

We present two realistic entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for pure partially entangled photons. A partially entangled photon pair can be concentrated to a maximally entangled pair with only an ancillary single photon with a certain probability, while the conventional ECPs require two copies of partially entangled pairs at least. Our first protocol is implemented with linear optics and the second protocol is implemented with cross-Kerr-nonlinearities. Compared with other ECPs, they do not need to know the accurate coefficients of the initial state. With linear optics, it is feasible with current experiments. With cross-Kerr-nonlinearities, it does not require sophisticated single-photon detectors and can be repeated to get a higher success probability. Moreover, the second protocol can get the higher entanglement transformation efficiency and it may be the most economical protocol by far. Meanwhile, both protocols are more suitable for multiphoton system concentration because they need less operations and classical communications. All these advantages make the two protocols useful in current long-distance quantum communications.

关键词： QUANTUM entanglement NONLINEAR theories PROBABILITY theory MULTIPHOTON processes QUANTUM communication OPTICAL communications

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Age of Information Minimization in Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Covert communications

Age of Information Minimization in Intelligent Reflecting Su...

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IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Chao Wang Zan Li Yue Zhao Derrick Wing Kwan Ng Naofal Al-Dhahir State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Network Xidian University Xi’an China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665459761

In this work, we investigate the covert information freshness in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multi antenna communications, where a public full-duplex user (Alice) and a private full-duplex user (Bob) exchange information in the presence of a watchful warden (Willie). Specifically, the covert transmission from Bob to Alice is shielded from Willie under the mask of Alice’s undisguised signal transmission. To minimize the covert information age, we exploit the channel statistics to jointly design the active beamforming at Alice and Bob, the passive beamforming at the IRS, and the blocklength of the confidential data packet under the constraints of the maximum tolerable age of information (AoI) at Bob and communication covertness. Although the considered joint optimization problem is nonconvex, we employ the successive convex approximation to design an iterative algorithm to obtain an efficient suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed joint optimization algorithm and further show that the enhanced covert channel quality can reduce the required blocklength to improve information freshness.

关键词： Array signal processing Error probability Simulation Full-duplex system Information age Approximation algorithms Reflector antennas

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Twin-field quantum digital signatures

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhang, Chun-Hui Fan, Yu-Teng Zhang, Chun-Mei Guo, Guang-Can Wang, Qin Institute of quantum information and technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Lab of Ministry of Education NUPT Nanjing210003 China Telecommunication and Networks National Engineering Research Center NUPT Nanjing210003 China Key Laboratory of Quantum Information CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230026 China

Digital signature is a key technique in information security, especially for identity authentications. Compared with classical correspondence, quantum digital signatures (QDSs) provide a considerably higher level of security, i.e., information-theoretic security. At present, its performance is limited by key generation protocols (e.g., BB84 or measurement-device-independent protocols), which are fundamentally limited in terms of channel capacity. Fortunately, the recently proposed twin-field quantum key distribution can overcome this limit. This paper presents a twin-field QDS protocol and details a corresponding security analysis. In its distribution stage, a specific key generation protocol, the sending-or-not-sending twin-field protocol, has been adopted and full parameter optimization method has been implemented. Numerical simulation results show that the new protocol exhibits outstanding security and practicality compared with all other existing protocols. Therefore, the new protocol paves the way toward real-world applications of QDSs. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Requirement-oriented privacy protection analysis architecture in cloud computing

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Journal of communications 2015年第1期10卷 55-63页

作者： Ke, Changbo Wang, Ruchuan Xiao, Fu Huang, Zhiqiu School of Computer Sci. and Tech./School of Software Nanjing Univ. of Posts and Telecom Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu High Tech Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks NanjingJiangsu210003 China College of computer Sci. and Tech Nanjing Univ. of Aeronautics and Astronautics NanjingJiangsu210016 China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Tech Nanjing University of Posts and Telecom Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province NanjingJiangsu210003 China

As a new software paradigm, cloud computing provides services dynamically according to user requirements. However, it is difficult to control personal privacy information because of the opening, virtualization, multi-tenancy and service outsourcing characters. Therefore, how to protect user privacy information has become a research focus. In this paper, we propose requirement-oriented privacy protection theory analysis architecture and implementation platform. Firstly, the theory analysis architecture is depicted as layers, and we analyze the function and key technologies of every layer. Secondly, we address the privacy property description method with ontology and description logic, and then analyze the theory modules of privacy items conflict checking layer, privacy policy negotiation layer and privacy agreement forensics layer. Thirdly, according to theory architecture, we design the implementation platform of requirement-oriented privacy protection, and discuss the function and workflow. In the end, we conclude and point out the future work. © 2015 Engineering and technology Publishing.

关键词： Data privacy

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Green Multimedia communications over Internet of Things

Green Multimedia Communications over Internet of Things

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IEEE International Conference on communications

作者： Liang Zhou Min Chen Baoyu Zheng Jingwu Cui Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457720529

In this paper, we consider a power-aware multimedia communications over internet of things (IoT). Specifically, we consider a generic IoT scenario where a multimedia server provides heterogeneous applications without knowing the application's quality of experience (QoE) model and playout period. Our objective aims at dynamically adjusting the power allocation for each application over a uncertain period to maximize the system overall mean opinion score (MOS). Note that the practical QoE model can be observed over time, but the underlying functional relationship between the power and MOS is unknown. The highlight of this paper is to develop a dynamic powering algorithm, in which one learns the satisfaction function and optimizes power-aware user satisfaction with on-line operation. More precisely, the proposed algorithm performance is measured in terms of loss which denotes the MOS loss compared to the optimal one. Numerical simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Internet of things Green multimedia communications Dynamic powering QoE model

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Upper Bound of Collective Attacks on Quantum key Distribution

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Wei Zhao, Shengmei Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing210003 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Lab Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Ministy of Education Nanjing210003 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Evaluating the theoretical limit of the amount of information Eve can steal from a quantum key distribution protocol under given conditions is one of the most important things that need to be done in security proof. In addition to source loopholes and detection loopholes, channel attacks are considered to be the main ways of information leakage, while collective attacks are considered to be the most powerful active channel attacks. Here we deduce in detail the capability limit of Eve’s collective attack, the most powerful attack scheme in channel attacks, in non-entangled quantum key distribution, like BB84 and measurement-device-independent protocols, and entangled quantum key distribution, like device-independent protocol, in which collective attack is composed of quantum weak measurement and quantum unambiguous state discrimination detection. The theoretical results show that collective attacks are equivalent in entangled and non-entangled quantum key distribution protocols. We also find that compared with the loose bond on Eve’s attack provided by security proof based on entanglement purification, the security proof against collective attacks not only improves the system’s tolerable bit error rate, but also improves the key rate. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Multiple asymmetric couplings induced unconventional corner mode in topolectrical circuits

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Hengxuan Wang, Xiumei Chen, Jie Zhou, Xingping College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China

We investigate the emergence of unconventional corner mode in a two-dimensional topolectrical circuits induced by asymmetric couplings. The non-Hermitian skin effect of two kinked one-dimensional lattices with multiple asymmetric couplings are explored. Then we extend to the two-dimensional model, derive conditions for the non-Hermitian hybrid skin effect and show how the corner modes are formed by nonreciprocal pumping based on one-dimensional topological modes. We provide explicit electrical circuit setups for realizing our observations via realistic LTspice simulation. Moreover, we show the time varying behaviors of voltage distributions to confirm our results. Our study may help to extend the knowledge on building the topological corner modes in the non-Hermitian presence. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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Privacy amplification scheme based on composite coding

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

Privacy amplification is an indispensable step in the post-processing of quantum key distribution, which can be used to compress the redundancy of shared key and improve the security level of the key. The commonly used privacy amplification is based on the random selection of universal hash functions, which needs the help of an additional random source, while it does not exist in general. In this paper, we propose a privacy amplification scheme based on composite coding, which is an extension of quantum CSS codes to classical linear codes. Compared with the universal hashing function, the proposed scheme does not need other random sources, and the randomness can be completely provided by the qubit string. Furthermore, the information-theoretic bound for the extraction of the key is obvious in composite coding. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Wave-particle duality in single-photon entanglement

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

The simplest single-photon entanglement is the entanglement of the vacuum state and the single-photon state between two path modes. The verification of the existence of single-photon entanglement has attracted extensive research interests. Here, based on the construction of Bell’s inequality in wave space, we propose a new method to verify single photon entanglement. Meanwhile, we define the wave state in two-dimensional space relative to the photon number state, and propose a method to measure it. Strong violation of Bell inequality based on joint measurement of wave states indicates the existence of single photon entanglement with certainty. Wave state entanglement obtained from Fourier transform of single photon entanglement and the corresponding measurement protocols will provide us with more information-carrying schemes in the field of quantum information. The difference in the representation in photon-number space and wave space implies the wave-particle duality of single photon entanglement. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Particle beams

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The optimal positive operator-valued measure for state discrimination

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

Evaluating the amount of information obtained from non-orthogonal quantum states is an important topic in the field of quantum information. The commonly used evaluation method is Holevo bound, which only provides a loose upper bound for quantum measurement. In this paper, we provide a theoretical study of the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) for discriminating nonorthogonal states. We construct a generalized POVM measurement operation, and derive the optimal one for state discrimination by Lagrange multiplier method. With simulation, we find that the optimal POVM measurement provides a tight upper bound for state discrimination, which is significantly lower than that predicted by Holevo bound. The derivation of optimal POVM measurement will play an important role in the security research of quantum key distribution. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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