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Point-Based Stabilization control of Linear Parabolic Partial Differential Equation Systems on Space-Time Scales

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC control 2025年第4期70卷 2552-2559页

作者： Wan, Peng Zeng, Zhigang Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci & Engn Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China Engn Res Ctr Met Automat & Measurement Technol Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Educ Minist China Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

The extensively studied partial differential equation (PDE) systems evolve on continuous time and continuous space, which restricts the investigation scope of PDE systems. A parabolic PDE system on space-time scales is constructed for the first time. This article focuses on global exponential stabilization (GES) of a linear parabolic PDE systems on space-time scales by using point-based collocated and noncollocated observations. First, we give the definitions of space-time scales, which contain four cases: continuous time and continuous space, continuous time and discrete space, discrete time and continuous space, and discrete time and discrete space. Wirtinger inequality on space scales is demonstrated, which provides mathematically analytical technique for PDE systems on space-time scales. Second, point-based collocated stabilization control strategy is developed for parabolic PDE systems on space-time scales. Third, considering the fact that sensors and actuators are always placed at different locations, a noncollocated point-based feedback controller is designed by using the observer estimation states. Different from the existing literature, the spatial domain does not need to be divided again according to the actuator and sensor locations. By using the Lyapunov function method, calculus on space-time scales, integration by parts, and Wirtinger inequality on space scales, sufficient criteria are developed such that the closed-loop systems can achieve GES. Finally, numerical simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the developed point-based controllers.

关键词： Aerospace electronics Sensors Actuators Observers Germanium Vectors Symmetric matrices Linear matrix inequalities Adaptive control Sensor systems Noncollocated observation observer partial differential equation (PDE) point-based control space-time scales

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Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a hybrid system combining reversible solid oxide cell and direct contact membrane distillation

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2025年 327卷

作者： Xu, Sheng Huo, Haibo Zhu, Hongxiang Xu, Kui Lei, Zhengling Xu, Jingxiang Li, Xi Shanghai Ocean Univ Coll Engn Sci & Technol Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Marine Renewable Energy Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Coll Power & Energy Engn Harbin 150000 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Key Lab Image Proc Intelligent & Control Educ Minist Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

To meet the electricity, hydrogen, and freshwater demands of isolated island users, and coping with the intermittent and fluctuating nature of renewable energies, this paper proposes a hybrid system of combining a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The rSOC technology is used to achieve energy time-shifting. The waste heat from the operation of rSOC is recovered through DCMD to improve the system's overall performance and produce freshwater. A high-fidelity model of the rSOC-DCMD hybrid system is established and validated. Based on this model, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis including single-parameter sensitivity analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and multi-parameter sensitivity analysis was performed. The analysis results indicate that current density is the critical factor influencing system performance while fuel utilization and fuel mole fraction primarily affect operating costs. The air excess ratio is crucial for optimizing system efficiency and freshwater productivity by balancing parasitic power and waste heat, however, adjusting the feed flow rate can further improve performance by regulating the temperature of the seawater entering the DCMD. Additionally, spearman correlation analysis further quantifies the conflicting relationship between any two of the performance indicators in the electrolysis cell/fuel cell (EC/FC) mode. In both modes, minimizing operating costs shows a weak conflict with maximizing system efficiency (correlation coefficient < 0.1) but a strong conflict with maximizing freshwater yield (correlation coefficient > 0.3). Through multi-objective optimization and optimal point decision-making, the optimal solution for three performance indicators is identified at each power level, ensuring optimal hybrid system operation under any condition. As a result, within the full power range of the EC/FC mode, the hybrid system can achieve average system efficiencies of 82.2 %/76.6 %, avera

关键词： Reversible solid oxide cell Direct contact membrane distillation Waste heat recovery Sensitivity analysis Multi-objective optimization

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Coupled Urban Risks: A Complex Systems Perspective with a People-Centric Focus

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ENGINEERING 2025年第1期44卷 44-50页

作者： Ouyang, Min Cheng, Zekai Ma, Jiaxin Wang, Hongwei Mitoulis, Stergios Aristoteles Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Management Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Univ Birmingham Sch Engn Birmingham B15 2TT England

The complexity of coupled risks, which refer to the compounded effects of interacting uncertainties across multiple interdependent objectives, is inherent to cities functioning as dynamic, interdependent systems. A disruption in one domain ripples across various urban systems, often with unforeseen consequences. Central to this complexity are people, whose behaviors, needs, and vulnerabilities shape risk evolution and response effectiveness. Realizing cities as complex systems centered on human needs and behaviors is essential to understanding the complexities of coupled urban risks. This paper adopts a complex systems perspective to examine the intricacies of coupled urban risks, emphasizing the critical role of human decisions and behavior in shaping these dynamics. We focus on two key dimensions: cascading hazards in urban environments and cascading failures across interdependent exposed systems in cities. Existing risk assessment models often fail to capture the complexity of these processes, particularly when factoring in human decision-making. To tackle these challenges, we advocate for a standardized taxonomy of cascading hazards, urban components, and their interactions. At its core is a people-centric perspective, emphasizing the bidirectional interactions between people and the systems that serve them. Building on this foundation, we argue the need for an integrated, people-centric risk assessment framework that evaluates event impacts in relation to the hierarchical needs of people and incorporates their preparedness and response capacities. By leveraging real-time data, advanced simulations, and innovative validation methods, this framework aims to enhance the accuracy of coupled urban risk modeling. To effectively manage coupled urban risks, cities can draw from proven strategies in real complex systems. However, given the escalating uncertainties and complexities associated with climate change, prioritizing people-centric strategies is crucial. This ap

关键词： Coupled urban risks People-centric Risk management

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Revisiting Euclidean Alignment for Transfer Learning in EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Systems Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Due to the non-stationarity and large individual differences of EEG signals, EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) usually need subject-specific calibration to tailor the decoding algorithm for each new subject, which is time-consuming and user-unfriendly, hindering their real-world applications. Transfer learning (TL) has been extensively used to expedite the calibration, by making use of EEG data from other subjects/sessions. An important consideration in TL for EEG-based BCIs is to reduce the data distribution discrepancies among different subjects/session, to avoid negative transfer. Euclidean alignment (EA) was proposed in 2020 to address this challenge. Numerous experiments from 10 different BCI paradigms demonstrated its effectiveness and efficiency. This paper revisits the EA, explaining its procedure and correct usage, introducing its applications and extensions, and pointing out potential new research directions. It should be very helpful to BCI researchers, especially those who are working on EEG signal decoding. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Calibration

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Robust Semi-Global Output Regulation of Uncertain Two-Time-Scale Systems With Input Saturation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR control 2025年第9期35卷 3484-3495页

作者： Lei, Yan Wang, Yan-Wu Morarescu, Irinel-Constantin Astolfi, Daniele Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Minist Educ Wuhan Peoples R China Southwest Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Chongqing Peoples R China Univ Lorraine CNRS CRAN Nancy France Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ Lyon CNRS Villeurbanne France

This paper investigates the robust semi-global output regulation of uncertain linear systems with input saturation. In this setup, one cannot apply off-the-shelf techniques to reject structural uncertainties due to numerical issues caused by the two time scales but also due to technical issues generated by the input saturation. To solve this problem, we combine internal model principle with low gain technique and singular perturbation theory. Explicitly, the regulator design is based on the computation of the solutions of a Sylvester equation, which can be ill-conditioned in the two-time scales setting. To overcome this, we propose an easily solvable equation, and the existence and uniqueness of its solution are guaranteed under some standard assumptions. Accordingly, an internal model-based controller is designed such that the semi-global robust output regulation problem can be solved. In order to cope with the input saturation, we impose that the ultimate upper bound of the infinity norm of the exosystem state is limited and satisfies certain constraints. Finally, three examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

关键词： input saturation internal model robust output regulation two-time-scale

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VSLM: Virtual Signal Large Model for Few-Shot Wideband Signal Detection and Recognition

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2025年第2期24卷 909-925页

作者： Hao, Xiaoyang Yang, Shuyuan Liu, Ruoyu Feng, Zhixi Peng, Tongqing Huang, Bincheng Xidian Univ Sch Artificial Intelligence Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding Minist Educ Xian 710071 Peoples R China AVIC Xian Flight Automat Control Res Inst AVIC FAC Software Engn Dept Xian 710076 Peoples R China MeiTuan Grocery Retail Dept Beijing 100029 Peoples R China China Elect Technol Grp Corp Inst Informat Sci & Technol Beijing 100036 Peoples R China

Most existing wideband signal detection and recognition (WSDR) methods rely on diverse, large-scale, and well-labeled training data, which are often difficult to obtain in practical application scenarios such as non-cooperative environments and novel signaling regimes. In this article, we propose a method for constructing a virtual signal large model (VSLM) and applying it to tackle the WSDR challenge under few-shot or even cross-domain few-shot scenarios. Firstly, we design two plug-and-play modules, virtual sample generation (VSG) and virtual category generation (VCG), for VSLM, respectively. VSG simulates the local and overall relationship between the burst signal and the constant signal, which is mainly completed by extracting time-frequency meta-block and data enhancement. Based on VSG and the multi-label concept, we further create virtual novel categories by injecting customizable semantic information into meta-blocks. Then, we further propose a dual decoupled network (DDN) to train the VSLM. DDN enhances signal details by decoupling low gray values (DLGV) in time-frequency representation, and alleviates conflicts during multi-task joint optimization by decoupling spectrum localization and signal classification. Finally, based on the wideband spectrogram dataset, extensive experiments have validated that our proposed methods can significantly improve the performance of WSDR under few-shot conditions.

关键词： Wideband Signal detection Time-frequency analysis Feature extraction Wireless communication Modulation Narrowband Computational modeling Accuracy Spectrogram Wideband signal detection and recognition (WSDR) few-shot dual decoupling network (DDN) virtual sample generation (VSG) virtual category generation (VCG)

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Facial Action Unit Detection by Adaptively Constraining Self-Attention and Causally Deconfounding Sample

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION 2025年第4期133卷 1711-1726页

作者： Shao, Zhiwen Zhu, Hancheng Zhou, Yong Xiang, Xiang Liu, Bing Yao, Rui Ma, Lizhuang China Univ Min & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat MoE Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Minist Educ Mine Digitizat Engn Res Ctr Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Facial action unit (AU) detection remains a challenging task, due to the subtlety, dynamics, and diversity of AUs. Recently, the prevailing techniques of self-attention and causal inference have been introduced to AU detection. However, most existing methods directly learn self-attention guided by AU detection, or employ common patterns for all AUs during causal intervention. The former often captures irrelevant information in a global range, and the latter ignores the specific causal characteristic of each AU. In this paper, we propose a novel AU detection framework called AC2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\textrm{AC}<^>{2}$$\end{document}D by adaptively constraining self-attention weight distribution and causally deconfounding the sample confounder. Specifically, we explore the mechanism of self-attention weight distribution, in which the self-attention weight distribution of each AU is regarded as spatial distribution and is adaptively learned under the constraint of location-predefined attention and the guidance of AU detection. Moreover, we propose a causal intervention module for each AU, in which the bias caused by training samples and the interference from irrelevant AUs are both suppressed. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art AU detection approaches on challenging benchmarks, including BP4D, DISFA, GFT, and BP4D+ in constrained scenarios and Aff-Wild2 in unconstrained scenarios.

关键词： Adaptively constraining self-attention Causal intervention Sample confounder Facial AU detection

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Single-Loop Deadbeat Predictive control Framework for Uncertain SPMSM Drives With Disturbance Observation

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Jiang, Fuxi Wang, Siqi Guo, Yuhao Cheng, Zhe Ye, Jie Cheng, Shanmei Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Optical and Electronic Information Wuhan430074 China

To mitigate the detrimental effects of parameter perturbations and external load torque on the accuracy of speed and current tracking control in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive systems, while avoiding the complexities inherent in traditional speed-current series control architectures, this paper presents a single-loop deadbeat predictive control (SDPC) framework that incorporates online disturbance observation. The control input voltage vector is directly computed using an SDPC controller in conjunction with a set of discrete-time disturbance observers (DDOBs). This proposed methodology offers two notable advantages over existing research: (i) it substantially reduces the number of adjustable controller parameters, requiring only the tuning of the observer bandwidth and the speed scaling gain, which enhances its practicality for engineering applications;and (ii) the disturbance estimation and compensation mechanism utilizing DDOBs significantly improves the robustness of the SPMSM system. Furthermore, the SDPC framework ensures that the system maintains satisfactory transient and steady-state tracking performance in response to reference signals. Experimental comparisons validate both the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Stability Enhancement of Inverter-Current Feedback Grid-Following Inverters Using a Passivity-Based Voltage controller

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Huang, Yukai Xu, Jinbang Ye, Jie Huang, Songtao Ren, Ziao Shen, Anwen Hu, Yihua Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China King's College London Department of Engineering LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom

Grid-following inverters remain the primary interface for modern renewable energy systems due to their strong power output performance. As the global demand for clean and efficient energy conversion increases, optimizing the stability of inverter systems is crucial for integrating renewable sources into the power grid. In certain energy conversion scenarios, current sensors are placed on the inverter side due to equipment constraints and space limitations, which can impact the stability of the inverter. Although the stability of inverter-side current feedback (ICF) configurations has been studied, methods to further enhance their stability remain underexplored. In this paper, the stability of ICF grid-following inverters is analyzed using a passivity-based design approach, focusing on a point of common coupling voltage controller. The proposed controller is thoroughly analyzed, and a detailed design strategy is presented to ensure stability under varying grid impedance conditions. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design in enhancing the stability of ICF grid-following inverters. These advancements contribute to improving energy conversion efficiency and reliability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Initial Offset-Boosted Coexisting Hidden Chaos and Firing Multistability in Memristive Ring Neural Network With Hardware Implementation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年第2期72卷 2024-2033页

作者： Zhang, Sen Li, Yongxin Wang, Xiaoping Zeng, Zhigang Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 210044 Jiangsu Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Educ Minist China Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Memristors can be introduced into neural networks for convenient chaos generation even combined with regulating firing activities. This article presents a no-equilibrium memristive ring neural network with dual memristors, one of which is used to mimic neural synapses and the other to describe the effects of external electromagnetic radiation. Initial conditions of different variables bring the chance to arise bistability and tristability. Initial offset-boosted coexisting hidden attractors are arranged by offset boosting, where homogeneous and heterogeneous multistabilities are captured simultaneously. When homogeneous attractors break barriers and connect together, the growth of attractors becomes apparent, allowing for flexible regulation over time and effective self-reproduction through varying initial values. Interestingly, abundant hidden firing patterns are well regulated by memristor-related parameters or the external current. Bursting and spiking firings are switched flexibly by proper knobs. In addition, infinitely many coexisting bursting and spiking firing patterns are also triggered by the initial values of the memristor acting as the coupled synapse or considered as an external electromagnetic radiation. Finally, a digital circuit based on CH32 is constructed to verify the characteristics of various coexisting hidden attractors and abundant firing patterns, thus confirming these new findings.

关键词： Firing multistability hardware implementation initial offset boosting memristive ring neural network memristor

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