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DOGS: Dynamic Task Offloading in Space-AirGround Integrated networks With Game-Theoretic Stochastic Learning

IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2025年第2期12卷 1655-1672页

作者： Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jiaxuan Shen, Fei Yan, Feng Bu, Zhiyong Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network & Commun Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) integrates satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and terrestrial remote clouds to provide seamless network access and high-volume computing services for remote Internet of Things (IoT) devices, thus alleviating geographic and resource constraints. Existing methods typically focus on the network dynamics while overlooking the comprehensive consideration of device dynamics, namely, the time-varying task performance weights, task sizes, and task processing demands. Moreover, the centralized learning-based offloading schemes often lead to substantial signaling overhead. To bridge these gaps, this article proposes a distributed dynamic task offloading mechanism with game-theoretic multiagent stochastic learning (MASL). Technically, a stochastic game is formulated with each device as a player minimizing its weighted sum cost of latency and energy. We prove the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) for our proposed game and propose a multiagent entropy-enhanced stochastic learning (MESL) algorithm in a fully distributed manner with no information exchange among IoT devices. By introducing the entropy of decision probability for each device, MESL increases decision dimensions, accelerates convergence, and facilitates optimal strategy achievement. Experimental results show that the MESL algorithm significantly reduces the overall cost and greatly enhances the convergence speed in dynamic SAGIN environments compared to existing algorithms.

关键词： Internet of Things Heuristic algorithms Games Dynamic scheduling Satellites Space-air-ground integrated networks Performance evaluation Distributed computing offloading multiagent stochastic learning (MASL) Nash equilibrium (NE) potential game space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN)

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Re-pairing strategy for mode-pairing quantum key distribution

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QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING 2025年第3期24卷

作者： Zhou, Xing-Yu Hu, Jia-Rui Zhang, Chun-Hui Wang, Qin Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Quantum Informat & Technol Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China NUPT Broadband Wireless Commun & Sensor Network Technol Key Lab Minist Educ Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China NUPT Telecommun & Networks Natl Engn Res Ctr Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) leverages post-selection pairing strategy to achieve a balance between ease of implementation and high performance, establishing itself as a highly promising protocol in future QKD networks. However, the reliance on pairing strategies causes a considerable number of pulses to be excluded from parameter estimation and key generation, introducing inefficiencies and diminishing overall performance. In this study, we extend the original protocol by incorporating an active pairing strategy. This involves actively pairing clicking events that fall within the same phase slice, thereby generating new successful pairs and enabling the reutilization of previously discarded events. To validate the efficiency of our scheme, we conducted simulations of the three-intensity decoy-state MP-QKD protocol with the double-scanning method. The simulation results demonstrate significant advantages in both parameter estimation and final key generation. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for advancing future MP-QKD experiments and applications.

关键词： Quantum key distribution MP-QKD Re-pairing strategy Quantum cryptography

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An improved grey wolf algorithm and its localization research in complex indoor environments

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-23页

作者： Li, Bing Hao, Yanxin Cui, Yiyang Chai, Xingshao Zhou, Jingmei Liu, Chungang Hebei Normal Univ Coll Combust Engn Shijiazhuang 050024 Peoples R China Hebei Prov Key Lab Informat Fus & Intelligent Cont Shijiazhuang 050024 Peoples R China Hebei Prov Innovat Ctr Wireless Sensor Network Dat Shijiazhuang 050024 Peoples R China

In complex indoor environments, traditional localization methods often suffer from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and multipath problems, which lead to unsolvable or incorrectly solved mathematical localization models, thereby limiting localization accuracy. A localization method based on swarm intelligence optimization has been proposed to address this issue. The swarm intelligence optimization algorithm does not require solving matrix inversions and transforms the localization problem into a function optimization problem, which can obtain approximate optimal solutions. Nevertheless, optimization algorithms are beset with issues like sluggish convergence speed and proneness to getting trapped in local optima, thereby failing to satisfy the current practical requirements for localization. This paper proposes a new method that applies the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor localization to enhance localization accuracy. It improves the GWO algorithm with four strategies. Firstly, a small-area optimization strategy near the target point is proposed. The Chan algorithm is adopted for initial tag localization, and the initial localization result is taken as a constraint to construct the search area of the GWO algorithm, thereby reducing the large space region to a small space region and enhancing optimization efficiency. Secondly, an improved Tent mapping, a nonlinear convergence factor, a fitness-weighted location update strategy, and an out-of-bounds reflection mechanism are designed to improve the GWO algorithm, referred to as the TIGWO algorithm. Finally, apply the TIGWO algorithm to determine the optimal location of the tag. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly enhances indoor localization accuracy. Compared to the Chan, Chan-Taylor, PSO, WOA, and GWO algorithms, the average localization accuracy has been enhanced by 59.65%, 63.41%, 40.97%, 45.97%, and 35.44%, respectively. In an equipment warehouse

关键词： Ultra-wideband technology 3D indoor localization Swarm algorithm Grey wolf optimization algorithm Localization accuracy

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Optimization analysis for the maximum pairing length of mode-pairing quantum key distribution

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OPTICS LETTERS 2025年第2期50卷 249-252页

作者： Zhou, Xing-yu Hu, Jia-rui Zhang, Chun-hui Wang, Qin Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Quantum Informat & Technol Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China NUPT Broadband Wireless Commun & Sensor Network Technol Key Lab Minist Educ Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China NUPT Telecommun & Networks Natl Engn Res Ctr Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) circumvents the need for phase locking through post-selection pairing, still allowing it to surpass the repeaterless rate- transmittance limit. This protocol, therefore, presents a promising approach for practical QKD implementation. Without phase locking and tracking, the performance of the laser, channel, and detector critically affects the determination of the maximum pairing length l in pairing strategies. However, previous studies have typically setl based on empirical data without conducting a thorough analysis. In this study, to more accurately reflect real-world conditions, we consider fiber fluctuations, laser linewidth, laser frequency offset, and after-pulse effect to quantify the systematic misalignment determined by l. We employ the three-intensity decoy-state method, accounting for the finite data-size effect, to evaluate the impact of l in practical scenarios. Our simulation results demonstrate significant enhancements achievable through the optimal selection of l. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the advancement of future MP-QKD experiments and applications. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Fiber lasers Laser sources Lasers Phase Quantum key distribution Quantum key distribution networks

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A wearable obstacle avoidance device for visually impaired individuals with cross-modal learning

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NATURE communicationS 2025年第1期16卷 1-17页

作者： Gao, Yun Wu, Dan Song, Jie Zhang, Xueyi Hou, Bangbang Liu, Hengfa Liao, Junqi Zhou, Liang Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Key Lab Broadband Wireless Commun & Sensor Network Minist Educ Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Nanjing Peoples R China Army Engn Univ PLA Coll Commun Engn Nanjing Peoples R China

It is challenging for wearable obstacle avoidance devices to simultaneously meet practical demands of high reliability, rapid response, long-lasting duration, and usable design. Here we report a wearable obstacle avoidance device, comprising a set of self-developed glasses (weighing similar to 400 grams, including an similar to 80 grams battery) and a common smartphone. Specifically, the glasses collect the multi-modal data for comprehensive environmental perception, including video and depth modalities, and implement a depth-aided video compression module. This module not only adaptively compresses video data to reduce transmission delay to the smartphone, but also operates on a customized FPGA board featuring a multi float-point vector unit streaming processing architecture, thereby facilitating responsive and energy-efficient obstacle detection. Additionally, we design a cross-modal obstacle detection module on the smartphone, which ensures reliable detection and provides user-friendly auditory and tactile alerts by utilizing cross-modal learning based on modal correlations. Multiple indoor and outdoor experimental results demonstrate 100% collision avoidance rates, delay of less than 320 ms, and duration of approximately 11 hours.

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Cross-Medium Transmission Method Based on 8B/10B Special Position Coding

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 40943-40949页

作者： Hu, Miaoyi Tan, Qi Zhao, Zhengyi Zhong, Shuai Xu, Hang Yang, Yiguang Yao, Jianquan Tianjin Univ Sch Precis Instruments & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Optoelect Informat Technol Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Key Lab Maritime Intelligent Cyberspace Technol Minist Educ Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Sichuan Normal Univ Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network Univ Sichuan Prov Chengdu 610068 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Technol Sch Mech Engn Hubei Key Lab Modern Mfg Qualt Engn Wuhan 430068 Hubei Peoples R China Laoshan Lab Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

To address limited transmission rates resulting from the laser's low repetition frequency in cross-medium communication, this study proposed a specialized position coding cross-medium transmission method based on 8B/10B to enhance the transmission efficiency. Strategies such as odd-even alternating coding, position coding, and setting empty codes were designed to address the impact of pulse position modulation on transmission rates caused by the "back-to-back" phenomenon. This method ensures that when a pulse occurs in the last four positions of the preceding transmission cycle, it will not occur in the first four positions of the subsequent cycle. A corresponding transmission system was constructed to validate the specialized position coding cross-medium transmission method based on 8B/10B. A laser with a repetition frequency of 60 Hz was used to conduct experiments in a water pool and successfully achieved cross-medium communication at a transmission rate of 181.8 bps.

关键词： Encoding Acoustics Lasers Codes Frequency modulation Hydrophones wireless sensor networks Laser theory Optical pulses Nonlinear optics 8B/10B cross-medium communication laser-induced sound pulse position modulation

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Polarization-multiplexing terahertz metasurface zone plate for implementing arbitrary spatial coordinate focusing

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2025年第5期33卷 9662-9673页

作者： Tan, Qi Li, Jie Nan, Tong Zhao, Zhengyi Xu, Hang Li, Hui Zheng, Chenglong Zou, Die Xu, Wenhui Ding, Guanchu Chen, Wenwei Zhang, Yan Yao, Jianquan Tianjin Univ Sch Precis Instruments & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Optoelect Informat Technol Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Sichuan Normal Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network Chengdu 450052 Peoples R China Chengdu Univ Informat Technol Sichuan Meteorol Optoelect Sensor Technol & Applic Chengdu 610225 Peoples R China Capital Normal Univ Key Lab Terahertz Optoelect Beijing Key Lab Metamat & Devices Minist Educ Beijing 100048 Peoples R China Capital Normal Univ Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Imaging Technol Dept Phys Beijing 100048 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sch Phys & Microelect Key Lab Mat Phys Minist Educ Zhengzhou 450052 Peoples R China

The design of metasurface structures based on the generalized Snell's law enables diverse functionalities for regulating light fields through abrupt phase changes. However, addressing complex regulatory demands, such as polarization multiplexing, requires identifying multiple meta-atom structures that meet specific transmission and phase criteria. This process is often time-consuming and restrictive. Simplifying the design process for metasurface structures while preserving their functionality is, therefore, a key research area. In this paper, we demonstrate independent phase modulation of orthogonal linear polarization components by a simple structure integrating a Fresnel zone plate-a two-phase device-with a metasurface. We design and experimentally validate three metasurfaces: Sample M1 realizes concentric focusing at different focal lengths for x- and y-linearly polarized terahertz waves. Sample M2 enables off-axis dual-focus with orthogonal linear polarization multiplexing. Sample M3 employs a checkerboard distribution to achieve multi-focal focusing within a single channel. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental findings, confirming the feasibility of the proposed scheme and implementing arbitrary spatial coordinate focusing with dual channels. This work significantly simplifies the terahertz metasurface design process, reducing both complexity and time investment. It has the potential to promote the development of wavefront control devices towards miniaturization and multifunctionality. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Beam splitters Optical components Optical materials Phase modulation Scanning electron microscopy Zone plates

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A robust TDOA localization method for researching upper bound on NLOS ranging error

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 235卷

作者： Shui, Wenqi Xiong, Mingjie Mai, Wen Qin, Shuang Key Lab Wireless Sensor Network Univ Coll Phys & Elect Engn Chengdu 610101 Sichuan Peoples R China

In time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization, the accuracy of the robust convex optimization algorithm is significantly affected by the upper bound of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ranging error. Some algorithms estimate NLOS ranging error and source coordinates together, which makes the NLOS upper bound seem unnecessary, but this often leads to lower localization accuracy. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a reasonable upper bound for the NLOS ranging error. However, existing robust optimization algorithms suffer a significant drawback when introducing upper bounds on NLOS ranging error: The assignment of the upper bound of the NLOS ranging error does not match the actual environment, leading to poor algorithm accuracy. To solve the rationality problem of the NLOS ranging error upper bound assignment, this paper innovatively proposes the NLOS error upper bound as an uncertain variable arising from NLOS variability. We then develop a robust optimization formulation using matrix transformations to optimize the upper bound. By applying techniques such as linearization and perturbation decomposition, we derive an optimal solution that adjusts the NLOS error upper bound. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms existing algorithms in terms of localization accuracy in NLOS environments.

关键词： Time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) wireless localization Robust location Convex optimization

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Physical Layer Security for Friendly Jammers Assisted Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Cao, Weifeng Zou, Yulong Li, Bin Zhu, Jia Nanjing Institute of Technology School of Automation Nanjing211167 China NUPT School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing210003 China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology China

This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) of a satellite-terrestrial integrated network (STIN) consisting of a satellite (S), a destination (D), and several friendly jammers in the presence of an eavesdropper (E). For improving PLS of the STIN, we propose three friendly jammer assisted communication schemes to help S securely send confidential information to D, i.e., the random jammer selection assisted communication (RJSC) scheme, the optimal jammer selection assisted communication (OJSC) scheme, and the multiple jammers assisted communication (MJC) scheme. For performance comparison, the non-jammer assisted communication (NJC) scheme is also presented. We analyze secrecy performance of the NJC, RJSC, OJSC, and MJC schemes by carrying out their closed-form secrecy outage probability (SOP) expressions, respectively. Numerical results unveil that the RJSC, OJSC, and MJC schemes exceed the NJC scheme with regard to their SOPs (e.g., as shown in Fig. 2, when the signal-to-noise ratio is 25 dB, SOP of the STIN drops from 70% to 3%), and the OJSC scheme can get the best secrecy performance, showing the secrecy benefits of adopting friendly jammers assisted communication schemes against eavesdropping. Additionally, by increasing the number of friendly jammers, the secrecy performance of the OJSC and MJC schemes can be significantly enhanced, while that of the RJSC scheme remains unchanged. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Jamming

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Efficient security analysis for quantum key distribution against side-channel leakage

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Optics Express 2025年第10期33卷 20588-20597页

作者： Luo-Jia Ma Yue-ying Wang Ming-Shuo Sun Chun-Hui Zhang Hua-Jian Ding Xing-Yu Zhou Qin Wang Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Lab of Ministry of Education NUPT Nanjing 210003 China chz@*** qinw@***

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows the transmission of keys with unconditional security. Nevertheless, a discrepancy remains between the theoretical framework and the practical implementation, as device imperfections are frequently neglected in most QKD protocols. Some previous works proposed to use Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to quantify information leakage from side-channels. However, the security bound was relatively loose, resulting in poor performance. In this paper, we present an improved method for the security analysis of practical QKD protocols and provide a more precise parameter estimation. Furthermore, we apply it to several important QKD protocols, including BB84, measurement-device-independent, and twin-field, and carry out corresponding numerical simulations. Our work demonstrates significant improvements in both the key rate and the transmission distance compared to previous methods, representing a crucial step towards the practical implementation of QKD.

关键词： Bit error rate Diode lasers Interference Numerical simulation Quantum key distribution Quantum key distribution networks

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