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Towards parallel Metaverse: symbiosis of physical and virtual worlds based on Cybertwin-enabled 6G

Digital Communications and Networks 2025年

作者： Kaiyue Luo Yumei Wang Yu Liu Jiake Li Jishiyu Ding Kewu Sun School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Intelligent Science and Technology Academy Limited of CASIC Beijing 100043 China Key Lab of Aerospace Defense Intelligent System and Technology Beijing 100043 China

Metaverse, envisioned as the next evolution of the Internet, is expected to evolve into an innovative medium advancing information civilization. Its core characteristics, including ubiquity, seamlessness, immersion, interoperability and metaspatiotemporality, are catalyzing the development of multiple technologies and fostering a convergence between the physical and virtual worlds. Despite its potential, the critical concept of symbiosis, which involves the synchronous generation and management of virtuality from reality and serves as the cornerstone of this convergence, is often overlooked. Additionally, cumbersome service designs, stemming from the intricate interplay of various technologies and inefficient resource utilization, are impeding an ideal Metaverse ecosystem. To address these challenges, we propose a bi-model Parallel Symbiotic Metaverse (PSM) system, engineered with a Cybertwin-enabled 6G framework where Cybertwins mirror Sensing Devices (SDs) and serve a bridging role as autonomous agents. Based on this framework, the system is structured into two models. In the queue model, SDs capture environmental data that Cybertwins then coordinate and schedule. In the service model, Cybertwins manage service requests and collaborate with SDs to make responsive decisions. We incorporate two algorithms to address resource scheduling and virtual service responses, showcasing the synergistic role of Cybertwins. Moreover, our PSM system advocates for the participation of SDs from collaborators, enhancing performance while reducing operational costs for Virtual Service Operator (VSO). Finally, we comparatively analyze the efficiency and complexity of the proposed algorithms, and demonstrate the efficacy of the PSM system across multiple performance indicators. The results indicate our system can be deployed cost-effectively with Cybertwin-enabled 6G.

关键词： Metaverse Cybertwin-enabled 6G Internet of Things (IoT) Multiple-access Edge Computing (MEC) Symbiosis of physical and virtual worlds

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Research on Highly Anti-Humidity and Selective NO2 Detection Based on GaN/MoO3 N-N Heterojunction

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hong, Yutao Han, Dan Li, Donghui He, Xiuli Zhao, Li Wang, Weidong Li, Hongwei Sang, Shengbo Liang, Hua Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Bioengineering Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences China

Effective and accuratedetection of NO2 gas is crucial for protecting the environment and public health. In this work, balsam pear-like GaN/MoO3 porous nanosheets (GaN/MoO3) composites were synthesized by the in situ assembling, the hydrothermal method, and the nitridation process to detect NO2. A series of characterization methods were used to manifest the successful synthesis and to analyze the morphology and elemental composition features of GaN/MoO3 composites. The results of the gas-sensing experiments show that at the operating temperature of 225 °C, the gas sensor based on the optimal ratio of GaN/MoO3 composites exhibits a low theoretical limit of detection (0.78 ppb) for NO2, which is significantly improved compared with the limit of detection of MoO3 (5 ppm). Further, the response value of the sensor based on GaN/MoO3 composites to 200 ppm NO2 (44.74) is 4.36 times higher than that of the sensor based on pure GaN, with an improvement in stability. Meanwhile, the sensor also possessed excellent repeatability, selectivity, stability, and splendid anti-humidity ability at 15-70 % RH. The improved gas-sensing performance is ascribed to the unique microstructure of both GaN and MoO3, and the heterojunction effect between them. This work provides a way to improve the efficiency and anti-humidity ability of real-time monitoring of NO2 for the sensors of MoO3-based composite. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Controllable Electrical Characteristic of Ti3c2t2/Mos2 (T=Oh, F, O) Interfaces for High Performance Electronics: Insights from First-Principles

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Qiang Liu, Yan Zhang, Riguang Lv, Bohan Hao, Runfang Sang, Shengbo Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of The Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China School of Software Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization China Laboratory of Aerospace Servo Actuation and Transmission Beijing Institute of Precision Mechatronics and Controls Beijing100000 China

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have shown competitive potential for applications into beyond-silicon electronics. However, the controllable electrical characteristic of metal-semiconductor interfaces is still a challenge for high performance electronics due to Fermi level pinning. To explore Ti3C2T2/MoS2 (T= OH, F, O) for high performance electronics, the vertical electric field and interlayer distance are adopted here to regulate the electrical characteristic of interfaces based on the first-principles calculations. Though this, the electrical characteristic of Ti3C2O2/MoS2 and Ti3C2F2/MoS2 are more sensitive to electric field or interlayer distance than that of Ti3C2(OH)2/MoS2. Especially, the negative electric field with larger than -0.2 V/Å makes Ti3C2O2/MoS2 interface change from p-type Schottky to n-type Schottky contact. Furthermore, the Ti3C2O2/MoS2 interface can not only switch from p-type Schottky to n-type Schottky contact, but also from p-type Schottky to n-type Ohmic contact by varying interlayer distance. Moreover, the tunneling barriers of all interfaces are more sensitive to interlayer distance than to electric field. This work provides vital insights for high-performance electronics of Ti3C2T2/MoS2 (T=OH, F, O) in experiments. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric fields

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Gan/Moo3 N-N Heterojunction Based Anti-Humidity Gas Sensor for No2 Real-Time Monitoring

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hong, Yutao Han, Dan Duan, Qi Li, Donghui He, Xiuli Li, Bing Liang, Hua Li, Hongwei Sang, Shengbo Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Integrated Circuits Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology Shanxi Taiyuan030001 China Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan030000 China University of Chicago United States

Effective and accurate detection of NO2 gas is crucial for protecting the environment and public health. In this work, balsam pear-like GaN/MoO3 porous nanosheets (GaN/MoO3) composites were synthesized by in situ assembling, the hydrothermal method, and the nitridation process to detect NO2. A series of characterization methods were used to manifest the successful synthesis and to analyze the morphology and elemental composition features of GaN/MoO3 composites. The results of the gas-sensing experiments show that, at the operating temperature of 225°C, the gas sensor based on the optimal ratio of GaN/MoO3 composites exhibits a 25-fold lower limit of detection for NO2 than that of MoO3, with a reduction of baseline resistance drift. Further, the response value of the sensor based on GaN/MoO3 composites to 200 ppm NO2 (44.74) is 4.36 times higher than that of the sensor based on pure GaN, with an improvement in stability. Meanwhile, the sensor possessed excellent repeatability, selectivity, stability, and splendid anti-humidity ability at 15-70% RH. The improved gas-sensing performance is ascribed to the unique microstructure of both GaN and MoO3 and the heterojunction effect between them. In addition, we constructed a real-time NO2 monitoring device based on the gas-sensing characteristic of GaN/MoO3, which realizes the alarm of excessive concentrations of NO2. Overall, this work provides a way to improve the ability of NO2 monitoring for the sensors of MoO3-based composites. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Gan/Moo3 N-N Heterojunction Based Anti-Humidity Gas Sensor for No2 Real-Time Monitoring

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hong, Yutao Han, Dan Duan, Qi Li, Donghui He, Xiuli Li, Bing Liang, Hua Li, Hongwei Sang, Shengbo Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Integrated Circuits Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials Shanxi Medical University School Hospital of Stomatology Shanxi Taiyuan030001 China Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan030000 China University of Chicago United States

Effective and accurate detection of NO2 gas is crucial for protecting the environment and public health. In this work, balsam pear-like GaN/MoO3 porous nanosheets (GaN/MoO3) composites were synthesized by in situ assembling, the hydrothermal method, and the nitridation process to detect NO2. A series of characterization methods were used to manifest the successful synthesis and to analyze the morphology and elemental composition features of GaN/MoO3 composites. The results of the gas-sensing experiments show that, at the operating temperature of 225℃, the gas sensor based on the optimal ratio of GaN/MoO3 composites exhibits a 25-fold lower limit of detection for NO2 than that of MoO3, with a reduction of baseline resistance drift. Further, the response value of the sensor based on GaN/MoO3 composites to 200 ppm NO2 (44.74) is 4.36 times higher than that of the sensor based on pure GaN, with an improvement in stability. Meanwhile, the sensor possessed excellent repeatability, selectivity, stability, and splendid anti-humidity ability at 15-70% RH. The improved gas-sensing performance is ascribed to the unique microstructure of both GaN and MoO3 and the heterojunction effect between them. In addition, we constructed a real-time NO2 monitoring device based on the gas-sensing characteristic of GaN/MoO3, which realizes the alarm of excessive concentrations of NO2. Overall, this work provides a way to improve the ability of NO2 monitoring for the sensors of MoO3-based composites. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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AU Nanoparticles Decorated Gan Nanoflowers with Enhanced Nh3 Sensing Performance at Room Temperature

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Han, Dan Chen, Yi Li, Donghui Shi, Jiexu Wang, Hongtao He, Xiuli Zhao, Li Wang, Weidong Sang, Shengbo Ji, Jianlong Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System The Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Bioengineering Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science China

Surface modification with noble metal is considered as an effective strategy to enhance sensing performance of semiconductor gas sensors. In this work, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) decorated Gallium Nitride nanoflowers (Au-GaN NFs) have been synthesized successfully by a feasible hydrothermal method combined with high temperature nitridation and followed by in-situ reduction process. The characterizations of the structure and morphology of as-obtained Au-GaN NFs indicated that the Au NPs were successfully loaded on the surface of GaN. The excellent gas sensing performance was observed for GaN of 2 mol% Au loaded, including the high response (86.8%) to 100 ppm NH3 with fast response/recovery time (41 s/169 s) at room temperature, low theoretical limit of detection (72 ppb), good stability and selectivity. Besides, the influence of humidity on the performance of sensors was explored, where the response can be reached 56.5% towards 100 ppm NH3 under 70% RH. The improvement of the sensing performance of Au-GaN NFs sensor can be attributed to the combined action of chemical and electronic sensitization of Au NPs. This work provides a candidate of Au-GaN NFs for the development of wireless sensing system in NH3 monitoring. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoflowers

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Variable stiffness design optimization of fiber-reinforced composite laminates with regular and irregular holes considering fiber continuity for additive manufacturing

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第3期 338-358页

作者： Yi LIU Zunyi DUAN Chunping ZHOU Yuan SI Chenxi GUAN Yi XIONG Bin XU Jun YAN Jihong ZHU School of Mechanics Civil Engineering & ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical University Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Key Lab for Airborne Hi-performance Electro-magnetic Window RISAC School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsInternational Research Center for Computational MechanicsDalian University of Technology State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing MIIT Lab of Metal Additive Manufacturing and Innovative DesignNorthwestern Polytechnical University

Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal material for the lightweight design of aerospace structures. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of composite additive manufacturing technology, the design optimization of variable stiffness of fiber-reinforced composite laminates has attracted widespread attention from scholars and industry. In these aerospace composite structures, numerous cutout panels and shells serve as access points for maintaining electrical, fuel,and hydraulic systems. The traditional fiber-reinforced composite laminate subtractive drilling manufacturing inevitably faces the problems of interlayer delamination, fiber fracture, and burr of the laminate. Continuous fiber additive manufacturing technology offers the potential for integrated design optimization and manufacturing with high structural performance. Considering the integration of design and manufacturability in continuous fiber additive manufacturing, the paper proposes linear and nonlinear filtering strategies based on the Normal Distribution Fiber Optimization(NDFO) material interpolation scheme to overcome the challenge of discrete fiber optimization results, which are difficult to apply directly to continuous fiber additive manufacturing. With minimizing structural compliance as the objective function, the proposed approach provides a strategy to achieve continuity of discrete fiber paths in the variable stiffness design optimization of composite laminates with regular and irregular holes. In the variable stiffness design optimization model, the number of candidate fiber laying angles in the NDFO material interpolation scheme is considered as design variable. The sensitivity information of structural compliance with respect to the number of candidate fiber laying angles is obtained using the analytical sensitivity analysis method. Based on the proposed variable stiffness design optimization method for complex perforated composite laminates, the numerical examples consid

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Distribution of Dislocation-Twin Interaction in Twip Steel Under Different Loading Modes

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Guo, Xiangru Mao, Ningdong Sun, Chaoyang Wang, Chunhui Cui, Yinan Xiong, Zhiping Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Applied Mechanics Lab School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

The tension-compression asymmetry and orientation effect of dislocation-twin boundary (TB) interactions in twinned TWIP steels were investigated using the discrete dislocation dynamics simulations and Schmid's law. The different types of dislocations dominate the TB migration in the twinned TWIP steel during tension and compression with the same loading orientation, and the asymmetric dislocation reactions at TB were attributed to the different leading partials produced after the dissociation of dislocation under different loading modes (tension or compression). Moreover, the complex dislocation-TB interactions, such as dislocations traversing TB, cross slip, dissociation, pile up and so on, were determined by considering the orientation effect of dislocation activation and the asymmetry of dislocation dissociation. The research advances the understanding of asymmetric behavior of twin and its influence on the macro hardening in plastic deformation of TWIP steels. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dissociation

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A Practical and High-Performance Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Sensor that Can Be Rapidly Mass-Produced Based on Gallium Nitride Quantum Dots Film

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Han, Dan Chen, Yi Li, Donghui Dong, Hailiang Xu, Bingshe Sang, Shengbo He, Xiuli Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Information and Computer Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education Taiyuan030024 China Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Taiyuan University of Technology Ministry of Education Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificiat Intelligence Biomedical Science Taiyuan030024 China

Gallium nitride (GaN) has some challenges for gas sensing, such as high detection lower limit (LOD) or controlling the epitaxy of nanostructures. To address these issues, we exclusively designed a device to enhance the gas interaction capabilities of GaN quantum dots (QDs) film fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The GaN QDs film gas sensor exhibited a low LOD (5 ppb) to NO2 at room temperature (RT), which has much superior gas performance than other GaN-based sensors. The results manifest that many ultra-small QDs around 2 nm in diameter are stacked to form QDs of larger size, and confirm the existence of vacancies. The sensor displays a ultra-high electron mobility of 1237.37 cm2 V−1s−1, demonstrate that great shallow donor impurities in GaN QDs film that ionize easily at RT, which is greatly beneficial for gas sensing. The sensing mechanisms were analyzed based on its abundant active sites, ultrahigh carrier mobility, high surface energy and chemical activity, grain boundary barrier and good electrical conductivity. Moreover, the sensor processes high selectivity, repeatability, stability and reusability based on MOCVD technology which can realize precise control of structure, morphology and surface energy level, which is expected to achieve rapid industrialization. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Design and test of ceramic knife-edge seal for in-situ heating system of extracting volatile matter from lunar soil

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Advances in Space Research 2025年

作者： Yinchao Wang Yuanling Sun Jianbo Zhou Bowei Wang Junyue Tang Zixiao Lu Huazhi Chen Bo Wang Xiaobo Su Shengyuan Jiang School of Mechatronics and Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang 110136 China Key Laboratory of Rapid Development & Manufacturing Technology for Aircraft (Shenyang Aerospace University) Ministry of Education Shenyang 110136 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Nanometer Intelligent Sensor Lab National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100190 China Sichuan boffins robotic and robotizatian Co. LTD Chengdu 610052 China

In the pursuit of accurate lunar soil volatile exploration, in-situ deep space sampling analysis offers unparalleled preservation of sample integrity. A critical challenge lies in ensuring a secure sealing environment. This paper introduces an innovative sealing method utilising a ceramic blade to compress a non-metallic seal. Initially, following a comprehensive multidimensional evaluation of sealing configurations, the ceramic knife-edge compression non-metallic sealing ring solution was determined to be optimal. This approach involves positioning the sealing ring within a grooved cylindrical heating furnace body, where radial compression is achieved through an annular ceramic knife-edge interface, thereby ensuring hermetic integrity. Subsequently, a sealing leakage model grounded in Roth theory was developed to elucidate micro-leakage mechanisms. ANSYS simulation software was utilised to investigate the influence of blade tip radius and temperature, revealing correlations with average stress and contact width, as well as the impact of temperature extremes on sealing efficacy. These findings provided the theoretical underpinning for subsequent ground tests. A dedicated test platform was established, adhering to the industry standard QJ3089A-2018, to evaluate the sealing performance of various seal and blade tip radius combinations under diverse conditions. Results indicated that, under a force of 500N, PTFE seals compressed by an R0.5mm blade and PVMQ seals compressed by an R0.6mm blade achieved leakage rates on the order of 10 -8 Pa·m 3 ·s -1 , aligning with theoretical predictions and demonstrating repeatable sealing capability. This study presents a novel and reliable sealing solution for the precise exploration of lunar soil volatiles, offering a technical breakthrough and robust sealing strategy for future deep space missions.

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