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Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY 2019年第4期49卷 442-460页

作者： Menditto, Enrica Costa, Elisio Midao, Luis Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia Novellino, Ettore Bialek, Slawomir Briedis, Vitalis Mair, Alpana Rajabian-Soderlund, Rojin Arnavielhe, Sylvie Bedbrook, Anna Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Anto, Josep M. Devillier, Philippe De Vries, Govert Keil, Thomas Sheikh, Aziz Orlando, Valentina Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree Cecchi, Lorenzo De Feo, Giulia Illario, M. Stellato, Cristiana Fonseca, Joao Malva, Joao Morais-Almeida, Mario Pereira, Ana Maria Todo-Bom, Ana Maria Kvedariene, Violeta Valiulis, Arunas Bergmann, Karl Christian Klimek, Ludger Moesges, Ralph Pfaar, Oliver Zuberbier, Torsten Cardona, Vicky Mullol, Joaquim Papadopoulos, Nikos G. Prokopakis, Emmanuel P. Bewick, Mike Ryan, Dermot Roller-Wirnsberger, Regina E. Tomazic, Peter Valentin Cruz, Alvaro A. Kuna, Piotr Samolinski, Boleslaw Fokkens, Wytske J. Reitsma, Sietze Bosse, Isabelle Fontaine, Jean-Francois Laune, Daniel Haahtela, Tari Toppila-Salmi, Sanna Bachert, Claus Hellings, Peter W. Melen, Erik Wickman, Magnus Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten Eller, Esben O'Hehir, Robyn E. Cingi, Cemal Gemicioglu, Bilun Kalayci, Omer Ivancevich, Juan Carlos Bousquet, Jean Bousquet, J. Hellings, P. W. Aberer, W. Agache, I. Akdis, C. A. Akdis, M. Aliberti, M. R. Almeida, R. Amat, F. Angles, R. Annesi-Maesano, I. Ansotegui, I. J. Anto, J. M. Arnavielle, S. Asayag, E. Asarnoj, A. Arshad, H. Avolio, F. Bacci, E. Bachert, C. Baiar-Dini, I. Barbara, C. Barbagallo, M. Baroni, I. Barreto, B. A. Basagana, X. Bateman, E. D. Bedolla-Barajas, M. Bedbrook, A. Bewick, M. Beghe, B. Bel, E. H. Bergmann, K. C. Bennoor, K. S. Benson, M. Bertorello, L. Bialoszewski, A. Z. Bieber, T. Bialek, S. Bindslev-Jensen, C. Bjermer, L. Blain, H. Blasi, F. Blua, A. Marciniak, M. Bochenska Bogus-Buczynska, I. Boner, A. L. Bonini, M. Bonini, S. Bosnic-Anticevich, C. S. Bosse, I. Bouchard, J. Boulet, L. P. Bourret, R. Bousquet, Pj Braido, F. Briedis, V. Brightling, C. E. Brozek, J. Bucca, C. Buhl, R. Buonaiuto, R. Panaitescu, C. Cabanas, M. T. Burguete Burte, Univ Naples Federico II CIRFF Ctr Pharmacoecon Naples Italy Univ Porto UCIBIO REQUIMTE Fac PharmPorto4Ageing Porto Portugal Univ Porto Porto4Ageing Competence Ctr Act & Hlth Ageing Porto Portugal Univ Sydney Woolcock Emphysema Ctr Woolcock Inst Med Res Glebe NSW Australia Sydney Local Hlth Dist Glebe NSW Australia Univ Naples Federico II Naples Italy Warsaw Med Univ Dept Biochem & Clin Chem Fac Pharm Div Lab Med Warsaw Poland Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci Kaunas Lithuania Scottish Govt DG Hlth & Social Care Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Karolinska Univ Hosp Dept Nephrol & Endocrinol Stockholm Sweden KYomed INNOV Montpellier France Fdn Partenariale FMC VIA LR MACVIA France Montpellier France Med Consulting Czarlewski Levallois Perret France INSERM Epidemiol Allerg & Resp Dis Dept Inst Pierre Louis Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Paris France Sorbonne Univ Med Sch St Antoine Paris France ISGlobAL Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL Barcelona Spain Hosp Mar Res Inst IMIM Barcelona Spain CIBERESP Barcelona Spain UPF Barcelona Spain Hop Foch Lab Pharmacol Resp UPRES EA220 Suresnes France Univ Paris Saclay Univ Versailles St Quentin Paris France Peercode BV Geldermalsen Netherlands Charite Univ Med Berlin Inst Social Med Epidemiol & Hlth Econ Berlin Germany Univ Wurzburg Inst Clin Epidemiol & Biometry Wurzburg Germany Univ Edinburgh Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Med Clin Fdn & Hosp Ctr Excellence Asthma & Allergy Mexico City DF Mexico USL Toscana Ctr SOS Allergol & Clin Immunol Prato Italy Univ Salerno Dept Med Surg & Dent Scuola Med Salernitana Salerno Italy Campania Reg & Federico II Univ Hosp Naples R&D & DISMET Div Hlth Innovat Naples Italy Univ Porto Fac Med CINTESIS Ctr Res Hlth Technol & Informat Syst Porto Portugal MEDIDA Lda Porto Portugal Univ Coimbra Fac Med Coimbra Inst Clin & Biomed Res iCBR Coimbra Portugal Ageing Coimbra EIP AHA Reference Site Coimbra Portugal CUF Descobertas H

Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel network for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC <= 1.25), 51 (4.23%) were partly adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR <70%). Of those, the largest group was non-adherent to medications and the time interval was increased in 442 (36.68%) users. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.

关键词： adherence mHealth mobile technology observational study rhinitis treatment

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Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2022年第10期10卷 E1395-E1411页

作者： Frostad, Joseph Jon Nguyen, Quynh Anh P. Baumann, Mathew M. Blacker, Brigette F. Marczak, Laurie B. Deshpande, Aniruddha Wiens, Kirsten E. LeGrand, Kate E. Johnson, Kimberly B. Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdoli, Amir Abolhassani, Hassan Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abrigo, Michael R. M. Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me Adekanmbi, Victor Agrawal, Anurag Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Al-Aly, Ziyad Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alipour, Vahid Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Amini, Saeed Amiri, Fatemeh Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Antriyandarti, Ernoiz Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Ausloos, Marcel Ayano, Getinet Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azari, Samad Badiye, Ashish D. Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Kalpana Banach, Maciej Basu, Sanjay Bedi, Neeraj Bell, Michelle L. Bennett, Derrick A. Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bohlouli, Somayeh Boufous, Soufiane Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Braithwaite, Dejana Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina Butt, Zahid A. Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Car, Josip Cardenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Cerin, Ester Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chaturvedi, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Sarika Chen, Simiao Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Damiani, Giovanni Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Darwesh, Aso Mohammad Das, Jai K. Dash, Aditya Prasad Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Demissie, Getu Debalkie Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar Dey, Sagnik Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Diaz, Daniel Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi Dorostkar, Fariba Doshmangir, Leila Duraes, Andre Rodrigues Edinur, Hisham Atan Efendi, Ferry El Tantawi, Maha Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fadhil, Ibtihal Fattahi, Nazir Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Fukumoto, Takeshi Gai Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA Emory Univ Dept Epidemiol Atlanta GA 30322 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Epidemiol Baltimore MD USA Johns Hopkins Univ Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci Baltimore MD USA Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Injury Prevent & Safety Promot Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Tehran Iran Jahrom Univ Med Sci Zoonoses Res Ctr Jahrom Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Sch Med Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Environm Hlth Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Digest Dis Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Water Qual Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Metabol & Genom Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst Tehran Iran Karolinska Univ Hosp Dept Biosci & Nutr Huddinge Sweden Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Pediat Dent Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Clin Med Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Clin Hosp Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Philippine Inst Dev Studies Dept Res Quezon City Philippines Birzeit Univ Inst Community & Publ Hlth Ramallah Palestine Univ Texas Galveston Dept Obstet & Gynecol Galveston TX USA Ashoka Univ Trivedi Sch Biosci Sonipat India Baylor Coll Med Sect Gen Internal Med Houston TX 77030 USA Jimma Univ Dept Epidemiol Jimma Ethiopia Univ South Australia Australian Ctr Precis Hlth Adelaide SA Australia Washington Univ John T Milliken Dept Internal Med St Louis MO USA US Dept Vet Affairs Clin Epidemiol Ctr St Louis MO USA Imam Abdulrahman Bin F

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMIC

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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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LANCET 2017年第10100期390卷 1260-1344页

作者： Hay, Simon I. Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abd-Allah, Foad Abdulle, Abdishakur M. Abebo, Teshome Abuka Abera, Semaw Ferede Aboyans, Victor Abu-Raddad, Laith J. Ackerman, Ilana N. Adedeji, Isaac A. Adetokunboh, Olatunji Afshin, Ashkan Aggarwal, Rakesh Agrawal, Sutapa Agrawal, Anurag Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aichour, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine Aiyar, Sneha Akinyemiju, Tomi F. Akseer, Nadia Al Lami, Faris Hasan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Tahiya Alasfoor, Deena Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Raghib Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza Alkaabi, Juma M. Alkerwi, Ala'a Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Allen, Christine Al-Maskari, Fatma AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alsharif, Ubai Alsowaidi, Shirina Althouse, Benjamin M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Erfan Ammar, Walid Ampem, Yaw Amoako Ansha, Mustafa Geleto Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Anwari, Palwasha Arnlov, Johan Arora, Megha Al Artaman Aryal, Krishna Kumar Asgedom, Solomon W. Atey, Tesfay Mehari Atnafu, Niguse Tadele Avila-Burgos, Leticia Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Awasthi, Ashish Awasthi, Shally Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza Azzopardi, Peter Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Bacha, Umar Badawi, Alaa Balakrishnan, Kalpana Bannick, Marlena S. Barac, Aleksandra Barker-Collo, Suzanne L. Barnighausen, Till Barquera, Simon Barrero, Lope H. Basu, Sanjay Battista, Robert Battle, Katherine E. Baune, Bernhard T. Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Beardsley, Justin Bedi, Neeraj Bejot, Yannick Bekele, Bayu Begashaw Bell, Michelle L. Bennett, Derrick A. Bennett, James R. Bensenor, Isabela M. Benson, Jennifer Berhane, Adugnaw Berhe, Derbew Fikadu Bernabe, Eduardo Betsu, Balem Demtsu Beuran, Mircea Beyene, Addisu Shunu Bhansali, Anil Bhatt, Samir Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Biadgilign, Sibhatu Bienhoff, Kelly Bikbov, Boris Birungi, Charles Biryukov, Stan Bisanzio, Donal Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie B Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Med Div Hematol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Ctr Hlth Trends & Forecasts Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Dent Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Oxford Oxford Big Data Inst Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery Oxford England Univ Oxford Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth Oxford England Univ Oxford Nuffield Dept Med Oxford England Univ Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomed Res Ctr Oxford England Univ Oxford Oxford England Univ Queensland Sch Publ Hlth Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Queensland Sch Dent Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia Jimma Univ Dept Epidemiol Coll Hlth Sci Jimma Ethiopia Jimma Univ Jimma Ethiopia Univ Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Cairo Univ Dept Neurol Cairo Egypt New York Univ Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Hawassa Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Hawassa Ethiopia Mekelle Univ Sch Publ Hlth Mekelle Ethiopia Mekelle Univ Sch Pharm Mekelle Ethiopia Mekelle Univ Coll Hlth Sci Mekelle Ethiopia Mekelle Univ Mekelle Ethiopia Univ Hohenheim Food Secur & Inst Biol Chem & Nutr Stuttgart Germany Dupuytren Univ Hosp Limoges France Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp Doha Qatar Monash Univ Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med Melbourne Vic Australia Monash Univ Dept Med Sch Clin Sci Monash Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Monash Univ Melbourne Vic Australia Stellenbosch Univ Dept Psychiat Cape Town South Africa Stellenbosch Univ Cape Town South Africa Olabisi Onabanjo Univ Ago Iwoye Nigeria Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India Ctr Control Chron Condit Gurugram India Publ Hlth Fdn India Gurugram India CSIR Inst Genom & Integrat Biol Delhi India Baylor Coll Med Dept Inte

Background Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75.2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71.9-78.6) for females and 72.0 years (68.8-75.1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45.6 years [42.0-49.5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41.5 years [39.0-44.0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6.24 years (5.97-6.48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6.04 years (5.74-6.27) for males and 6.49 years (6.08-6.77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1.78 years (1.61-1.93) for males a

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 Antwerp, Belgium. 15-20 July 2017 Abstracts

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 95-176页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Neuroscience Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Department Physiology & Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn NY 11203 USA NYU School of Engineering 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona 08028 Spain Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerrannée (INMED) INSERM UMR901 Aix-Marseille Univ Marseille France Center of Neural Science New York University New York NY USA Aix-Marseille Univ INSERM INS Inst Neurosci Syst Marseille France Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation CNRS UMR 8089 Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95300 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France Department of Mathematics and Computer Science ENSAT Abdelmalek Essaadi’s University Tangier Morocco Laboratory of Natural Computation Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno 84084 Fisciano SA Italy Department of Medicine University of Salerno 84083 Lancusi SA Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari and INFN Sezione Di Bari Italy Data Analysis Department Ghent University Ghent Belgium Coma Science Group University of Liège Liège Belgium Cruces Hospital and Ikerbasque Research Center Bilbao Spain BIOtech Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento and IRCS-PAT FBK 38010 Trento Italy Department of Data Analysis Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London London WC1N 3BG UK Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan Blue Brain Project École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Departement of Mathematics Swansea University Swansea Wales UK Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience at the Brain Mind Institute École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Institute of Mathematics University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK Department of Integrativ

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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018

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BMC MEDICINE 2022年第1期20卷 488-488页

作者： Haeuser, Emily Serfes, Audrey L. Cork, Michael A. Yang, Mingyou Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E. S. Adabi, Maryam Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Afzal, Saira Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Alhassan, Robert Kaba Alipour, Vahid Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Darshan, B. B. Babalola, Tesleem Kayode Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Barnighausen, Till Winfried Bell, Arielle Wilder Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bohlouli, Somayeh Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Bozicevic, Ivana Butt, Zahid A. Cardenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cowden, Richard G. Dahlawi, Saad M. A. Damiani, Giovanni Darteh, Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darwesh, Aso Mohammad das Neves, Jose Weaver, Nicole Davis De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Deribe, Kebede Deuba, Keshab Dharmaratne, Samath Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Didarloo, Alireza Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket El Tantawi, Maha El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I Eshrati, Babak Eskandarieh, Sharareh Eyawo, Oghenowede Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude Ezzikouri, Sayeh Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fauk, Nelsensius Klau Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Foroutan, Masoud Fukumoto, Takeshi Gad, Mohamed M. Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Getacher, Lemma Ghadiri Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Sree Narayana Guru Coll Chelannur Dept Bot Kozhikode India Hamadan Univ Med Sci Hamadan Hamadan Iran Univ Coll Hosp Coll Med Ibadan Nigeria Cardiff Univ Dept Populat Med Cardiff Wales Univ Saskatchewan Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol Saskatoon SK Canada Fed Minist Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Abuja Nigeria King Edward Mem Hosp Dept Community Med Lahore Pakistan Publ Hlth Inst Dept Publ Hlth Lahore Pakistan Univ Technol Sydney Australian Ctr Publ & Populat Hlth Res ACPPHR Sydney NSW Australia Imperial Coll London Sch Publ Hlth London England Jimma Univ Dept Epidemiol Jimma Ethiopia Univ South Australia Australian Ctr Precis Hlth Adelaide SA Australia Univ Gondar Dept Med Physiol Gondar Ethiopia Univ Ibadan Inst Adv Med Res & Training Ibadan Nigeria Newcastle Univ Inst Neurosci Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth ICOH Africa Dept Publ Hlth Jos Nigeria Fed Minist Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Garki Nigeria Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res Mayo Evidence Based Practice Ctr Rochester MN USA Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Dammam Saudi Arabia Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept Dammam Saudi Arabia Curtin Univ Fac Hlth Sci Perth WA Australia Wesfarmers Ctr Vaccines & Infect Dis Telethon Kids Inst Perth WA Australia Univ Hlth & Allied Sci Inst Hlth Res Ho Ghana Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr Tehran Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth Econ Tehran Iran Arak Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Arak Iran Univ Coast Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies Barranquilla Colombia Univ Cartagena Res Grp Hlth Econ Cartagena Colombia Khomein Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth Serv Management Khomein Iran African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr Dept Maternal & Child Wellbeing Nairobi Kenya Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Pharm Dept Bucharest Romania Mazandaran Univ Med S

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across *** analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5x5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) *** found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time;between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five perce

关键词： HIV Mapping Africa Geostatistics Spatial statistics HIV prevalence Demographics

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Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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LANCET 2020年第10258期396卷 1223-1249页

作者： Murray, Christopher J. L. Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Zheng, Peng Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Aboyans, Victor Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abrigo, Michael R. M. Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Adabi, Maryam Adekanmbi, Victor Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Agarwal, Gina Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhabib, Khalid F. Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, Francois Allebeck, Peter Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Alonso, Jordi Altirkawi, Khalid A. Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amiri, Fatemeh Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, Jason A. Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Angus, Colin Anjomshoa, Mina Ansari, Fereshteh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Antony, Catherine M. Antriyandarti, Ernoiz Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Ariani, Filippo Armoon, Bahram Arnlov, Johan Arzani, Afsaneh Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran Asadi-Pooya, Ali A. Ashbaugh, Charlie Assmus, Michael Atafar, Zahra Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Ausloos, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayano, Getinet Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Azarian, Ghasem Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Bahrami, Mohammad Amin Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein Bakhtiari, Ahad Bakkannavar, Shankar M. Baldasseroni, Alberto Ball, Kylie Ballew, Sho Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Roma La Sapienza Dept Jurid & Econ Studies Rome Italy London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Dept Global Hlth & Dev London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Fac Infect & Trop Dis London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med Epidemiol Programme London England Hamadan Univ Med Sci Autism Spectrum Disorders Res Ctr Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Dept Biostat Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Dept Endocrinol Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Dept Environm Hlth Engn Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Dept Midwifery Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Res Ctr Mol Med Hamadan Iran Hamadan Univ Med Sci Hamadan Iran Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Rafsanjan Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Epidemiol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth Safety & Environm HSE Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Dept Ophthalmol Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Injury Prevent & Safety Promot Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Obes Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Ophthalm Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Res Inst Endocrine Sci Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Pharm Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Biol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Canc Res Inst Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Environm Hlth Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ Tehran Iran Univ Teh

Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each ag

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Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries

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NATURE 2020年第7789期577卷 235-238页

作者： Graetz, Nicholas Woyczynski, Lauren Wilson, Katherine F. Hall, Jason B. Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abd-Allah, Foad Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adekanmbi, Victor Afshari, Mahdi Ajumobi, Olufemi Akinyemiju, Tomi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alcalde Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alipour, Vahid Altirkawi, Khalid Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza Anber, Nahla Hamed Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjomshoa, Mina Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aryal, Krishna K. Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran Atique, Suleman Ausloos, Marcel Awasthi, Ashish Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Azari, Samad Badawi, Alaa Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnett, Anthony Bedi, Neeraj Bennett, Derrick A. Bhattacharjee, Natalia V. Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhattarai, Suraj Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Britton, Gabrielle Burstein, Roy Butt, Zahid A. Cardenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Castro, Franz Cerin, Ester Chang, Jung-Chen Collison, Michael L. Cooper, Cyrus Cork, Michael A. Daoud, Farah Das Gupta, Rajat Weaver, Nicole Davis De Neve, Jan-Walter Deribe, Kebede Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu Deshpande, Aniruddha Desta, Melaku Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese Djalalinia, Shirin Dubey, Manisha Dubljanin, Eleonora Duraes, Andre R. Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Earl, Lucas Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi El-Khatib, Ziad Eshrati, Babak Faramarzi, Mahbobeh Fareed, Mohammad Faro, Andre Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Fukumoto, Takeshi Garcia, Jose A. Gill, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K. Gona, Philimon N. Gopalani, Sameer Vali Grada, Ayman Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vipin Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Hamadeh, Randah R. Hamidi, Samer Hasan, Mehedi Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hendrie, Delia Henok, Andualem Henry, Nathaniel J. Hernandez Prado, Bernardo Herteliu, Claudiu Hole, Michael K. Hossain, Naznin Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hu, Guoqing Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Izadi, N Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Jimma Univ Dept Populat & Family Hlth Jimma Ethiopia Cairo Univ Dept Neurol Cairo Egypt Univ Coll Hosp Dept Med Ibadan Nigeria Cardiff Univ Sch Med Cardiff Wales Zabol Univ Med Sci Dept Community Med Zabol Iran Univ Nevada Sch Community Hlth Sci Reno NV 89557 USA Fed Minist Hlth Natl Malaria Eliminat Program Abuja Nigeria Duke Univ Duke Global Hlth Inst Durham NC USA Duke Univ Dept Populat Hlth Sci Durham NC USA Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res Evidence Based Practice Ctr Rochester MN USA Washington Univ Internal Med Dept St Louis MO 63110 USA VA St Louis Hlth Care Syst Dept Vet Affairs Clin Epidemiol Ctr St Louis MO USA Natl Inst Publ Hlth Ctr Hlth Syst Res Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Qazvin Univ Med Sci Qazvin Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr Tehran Iran King Saud Univ Riyadh Saudi Arabia Kerman Univ Med Sci Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ Kerman Iran Mansoura Univ Fac Med Mansoura Egypt Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm Bucharest Romania Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr Rafsanjan Iran Univ Philippines Manila Dept Hlth Policy & Adm Manila Philippines Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Appl Social Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Birmingham City Univ Sch Hlth Sci Birmingham W Midlands England ABT Associates Nepal Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project Lalitpur Nepal Iran Univ Med Sci Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Hail Dept Hlth Informat Hail Saudi Arabia Bucharest Univ Econ Studies Dept Stat & Econometr Bucharest Romania Publ Hlth Fdn India Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gurugram India La Trobe Univ Judith Lumley Ctr Melbourne Vic Australia Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth Gen Off Res & Technol Transfer Lima Peru Publ Hlth Agcy Canada Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Nutr Sci Toronto ON Canada Alexandria Univ Fac Med Alexandria Egypt Univ Auckland Sch Psychol Auckland New Zealand Australian

Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations. Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health(1-3). As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting(4-6). The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness(7,8);however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health(9-11). Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but-to our knowledge-no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries(12-14). By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.

关键词： Developing world Education Risk factors Society

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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

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NATURE 2020年第7789期577卷 231-+页

作者： Kinyoki, Damaris K. Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E. Pickering, Brandon V. Schaeffer, Lauren E. Marczak, Laurie B. Lazzar-Atwood, Alice Collison, Michael L. Henry, Nathaniel J. Abebe, Zegeye Adamu, Abdu A. Adekanmbi, Victor Ahmadi, Keivan Ajumobi, Olufemi Al-Eyadhy, Ayman Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alahdab, Fares Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alipour, Vahid Altirkawi, Khalid Amini, Saeed Andrei, Catalina Liliana Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran Atique, Suleman Ausloos, Marcel Avila, Marco Awasthi, Ashish Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Azari, Samad Badawi, Alaa Barnighausen, Till Winfried Bassat, Quique Baye, Kaleab Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Bayu Begashaw Bell, Michelle L. Bhattacharjee, Natalia V. Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhattarai, Suraj Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Biadgo, Belete Bikbov, Boris Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Britton, Gabrielle Burstein, Roy Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Castro, Franz Cerin, Ester Chipeta, Michael G. Chu, Dinh-Toi Cork, Michael A. Cromwell, Elizabeth A. Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daoud, Farah Das Gupta, Rajat Weaver, Nicole Davis De Leo, Diego De Neve, Jan-Walter Deribe, Kebede Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu Deshpande, Aniruddha Desta, Melaku Diaz, Daniel Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese Doku, David Teye Dubey, Manisha Duraes, Andre R. Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Earl, Lucas Effiong, Andem Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed El Tantawi, Maha El-Khatib, Ziad Eshrati, Babak Fareed, Mohammad Faro, Andre Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Fukumoto, Takeshi Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghajar, Alireza Gill, Paramjit Singh Gona, Philimon N. Gopalani, Sameer Vali Grada, Ayman Guo, Yuming Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Arya Hall, Jason B. Hamidi, Samer Henok, Andualem Prado, Bernardo Hernandez Herrero, Mario Herteliu, Claudiu Hoang, Chi Linh Hole, Michael K. Hossain, Naznin Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hu, Guoqing Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakas Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Gondar Dept Human Nutr Gondar Ethiopia Stellenbosch Univ Dept Global Hlth Cape Town South Africa South African Med Res Council Cochrane South Africa Cape Town South Africa Cardiff Univ Sch Med Cardiff Wales Univ Nottingham Nottingham England Univ Lincoln Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England Univ Nevada Sch Community Hlth Sci Reno NV 89557 USA Fed Minist Hlth Natl Malaria Eliminat Program Abuja Nigeria King Saud Univ Pediat Intens Care Unit Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Univ Dept Family & Community Med Jeddah Saudi Arabia Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res Evidence Based Practice Ctr Rochester MN USA Qazvin Univ Med Sci Qazvin Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Econ Dept Tehran Iran Iran Univ Med Sci Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr Tehran Iran King Saud Univ Riyadh Saudi Arabia Arak Univ Med Sci Hlth Serv Management Dept Arak Iran Carol Davila Univ Med Pharm Bucharest Romania Univ Philippines Manila Dept Hlth Policy & Adm Manila Philippines Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Appl Social Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Birmingham City Univ Sch Hlth Sci Birmingham W Midlands England Iran Univ Med Sci Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr Tehran Iran Univ Hail Dept Hlth Informat Hail Saudi Arabia Univ Leicester Sch Business Leicester Leics England Bucharest Univ Econ Studies Dept Stat & Econometr Bucharest Romania Natl Publ Hlth Inst Ctr Res Evaluat & Surveys Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar India Publ Hlth Fdn India Gurugram India La Trobe Univ Judith Lumley Ctr Melbourne Vic Australia Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth Gen Off Res & Technol Transfer Lima Peru Publ Hlth Agcy Canada Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Nutr Sci Toronto ON Canada Heidelberg Univ HIGH Heidelberg Germany Harvard Univ TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Barcelona Barcelona Inst Globa

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally(1). Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood(2). Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0-59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards(3-5). The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization's median growth reference standards for a healthy population(6). Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)(7);the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes(8). Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa(9), here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live(1), aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries;our maps identify high-prev

关键词： Malnutrition Risk factors Signs and symptoms Social sciences

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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

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NATURE MEDICINE 2020年第5期26卷 750-759页

作者： Kinyoki, Damaris K. Ross, Jennifer M. Lazzar-Atwood, Alice Munro, Sandra B. Schaeffer, Lauren E. Bhattacharjee, Natalia V. Collison, Michael L. Cork, Michael A. Cormier, Natalie Weaver, Nicole Davis Deshpande, Aniruddha Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Earl, Lucas Henry, Nathaniel J. Hollerich, Gillian Johnson, Kimberly B. Kassebaum, Nicholas J. Krohn, Kris J. Letourneau, Ian D. Marczak, Laurie B. Mayala, Benjamin K. Mokdad, Ali H. Mosser, Jonathan F. Murray, Christopher J. L. Naghavi, Mohsen Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E. Pickering, Brandon V. Pigott, David M. Ray, Sarah E. Sbarra, Alyssa N. Schipp, Megan F. VanderHeide, John Wang, Haidong Wiens, Kirsten E. Afshin, Ashkan Hay, Simon I. Sartorius, Benn Khalil, Ibrahim A. Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh M. Hasankhani, Milad Abbasi, Masoumeh Farzam, Hossein Moradi, Masoud Rezaeian, Shahab Abbastabar, Hedayat Abdelalim, Ahmed El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. Shehata, Hatem Samir Abdoli, Amir Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje Deribe, Kebede Abebo, Teshome Abuka Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Rezaei, Nima Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes Abrigo, Michael R. M. Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Acharya, Dilaram Adabi, Maryam Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Mahasha, Phetole Walter Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith Nnaji, Chukwudi A. Sambala, Evanson Zondani Adham, Davoud Aduroja, Posi Emmanuel Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel John-Akinola, Yetunde O. Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Esteghamati, Alireza Ghajar, Alireza Heidari, Behnam Sayyah, Mehdi Aghaali, Mohammad Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde Gesesew, Hailay Abrha Ahmed, Rushdia Das Gupta, Rajat Ajumobi, Olufemi Akal, Chalachew Genet Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Melese, Addisu Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegzi Univ Washington Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Hlth Metr Sci Seattle WA USA Univ Washington Dept Global Hlth Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Med Seattle WA USA Tabriz Univ Med Sci Sch Nutr & Food Sci Tabriz Iran Kermanshah Univ Med Sci Kermanshah Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr Tehran Iran Cairo Univ Dept Neurol Cairo Egypt Jahrom Univ Med Sci Dept Parasitol & Mycol Jahrom Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci TIPS Toxicol & Dis Grp Tehran Iran Isfahan Univ Med Sci Neurosci Res Ctr Esfahan Iran Minist Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Riyadh Saudi Arabia Addis Ababa Univ Sch Publ Hlth Addis Ababa Ethiopia Wachemo Univ Publ Hlth Hosanna Ethiopia Hawassa Univ Coll Med & Hlth Sci Hawassa Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ Biostat & Hlth Informat Bale Robe Ethiopia Addis Ababa Univ Radiotherapy Ctr Addis Ababa Ethiopia Karolinska Univ Hosp LABMED Huddinge Sweden Univ Tehran Med Sci Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Pediat Dent Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Philippine Inst Dev Studies Res Dept Quezon City Philippines Ain Shams Univ Cardiovasc Med Abbasiya Egypt IRCB Cotonou Benin Dongguk Univ Dept Prevent Med Gyeongju South Korea Kathmandu Univ Dept Community Med Devdaha Nepal Hamadan Univ Med Sci Hamadan Iran Univ Ibadan Dept Community Med Ibadan Nigeria Univ Coll Hosp Dept Community Med Ibadan Nigeria Olabisi Onabanjo Univ Dept Sociol Ago Iwoye Nigeria Cardiff Univ Sch Med Cardiff S Glam Wales Univ Ibadan Coll Med Ibadan Nigeria Elyon Heart Rehabil Ctr Community Cardiovasc Res Unit Ibadan Nigeria Stellenbosch Univ Dept Global Hlth Stellenbosch South Africa South African Med Res Council Cochrane South Africa Cape Town South Africa Ardabil Univ Med Sci Sch Hlth Ardebil Iran Univ Ibadan Dept Hlth Promot & Educ Ibadan Nigeria NIH Social Behav Res Branch Bldg 10 Bethesda MD 20892 USA Georgetown Univ Canc Prevent & Control Washingt

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1-70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6-70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8-38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8-67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

关键词： Malnutrition Obesity Risk factors Signs and symptoms

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Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

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SCIENTIFIC DATA 2021年第1期8卷 136页

作者： Phillips, Helen R. P. Bach, Elizabeth M. Bartz, Marie L. C. Bennett, Joanne M. Beugnon, Remy Briones, Maria J. I. Brown, George G. Ferlian, Olga Gongalsky, Konstantin B. Guerra, Carlos A. Koenig-Ries, Birgitta Krebs, Julia J. Orgiazzi, Alberto Ramirez, Kelly S. Russell, David J. Schwarz, Benjamin Wall, Diana H. Brose, Ulrich Decaens, Thibaud Lavelle, Patrick Loreau, Michel Mathieu, Jerome Mulder, Christian van der Putten, Wim H. Rillig, Matthias C. Thakur, Madhav P. de Vries, Franciska T. Wardle, David A. Ammer, Christian Ammer, Sabine Arai, Miwa Ayuke, Fredrick O. Baker, Geoff H. Baretta, Dilmar Barkusky, Dietmar Beausejour, Robin Bedano, Jose C. Birkhofer, Klaus Blanchart, Eric Blossey, Bernd Bolger, Thomas Bradley, Robert L. Brossard, Michel Burtis, James C. Capowiez, Yvan Cavagnaro, Timothy R. Choi, Amy Clause, Julia Cluzeau, Daniel Coors, Anja Crotty, Felicity V. Crumsey, Jasmine M. Davalos, Andrea Diaz Cosin, Dario J. Dobson, Annise M. Dominguez, Anahi Esteban Duhour, Andres van Eekeren, Nick Emmerling, Christoph Falco, Liliana B. Fernandez, Rosa Fonte, Steven J. Fragoso, Carlos Franco, Andre L. C. Fusilero, Abegail Geraskina, Anna P. Gholami, Shaieste Gonzalez, Grizelle Gundale, Michael J. Gutierrez Lopez, Monica Hackenberger, Branimir K. Hackenberger, Davorka K. Hernandez, Luis M. Hirth, Jeff R. Hishi, Takuo Holdsworth, Andrew R. Holmstrup, Martin Hopfensperger, Kristine N. Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza Huhta, Veikko Hurisso, Tunsisa T. Iannone, Basil V., III Iordache, Madalina Irmler, Ulrich Ivask, Mari Jesus, Juan B. Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L. Joschko, Monika Kaneko, Nobuhiro Kanianska, Radoslava Keith, Aidan M. Kernecker, Maria L. Kone, Armand W. Kooch, Yahya Kukkonen, Sanna T. Lalthanzara, H. Lammel, Daniel R. Lebedev, Iurii M. Le Cadre, Edith Lincoln, Noa K. Lopez-Hernandez, Danilo Loss, Scott R. Marichal, Raphael Matula, Radim Minamiya, Yukio Moos, Jan Hendrik Moreno, Gerardo Moron-Rios, Alejandro Motohiro, Hasegawa Muys, Bart Neirynck, Johan Norgrove, Lindsey Novo, Marta Nuutinen, Visa Nuzzo, Victoria Rah German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Puschstr 4 D-04103 Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Inst Biol Puschstr 4 D-04103 Leipzig Germany St Marys Univ Dept Environm Sci Halifax NS Canada Colorado State Univ Global Soil Biodivers Initiat Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Sch Global Environm Sustainabil Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Biol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Positivo Rua Prof Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300 BR-81280330 Curitiba Parana Brazil Univ Coimbra Dept Life Sci Ctr Funct Ecol P-3000456 Coimbra Portugal Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg Inst Biol Kirchtor 1 D-06108 Halle Saale Germany Univ Canberra Inst Appl Ecol Fac Sci & Technol Ctr Appl Water Sci Canberra ACT Australia Univ Vigo Dept Ecol Biol Anim Vigo 36310 Spain Embrapa Forestry Estrada RibeiraKm 111CP 231 BR-83411000 Colombo PR Brazil Russian Acad Sci AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut Leninsky Pr 33 Moscow 119071 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Leninskie Gory 1 Moscow 119991 Russia Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Inst Comp Sci Ernst Abbe Pl 2 D-07743 Jena Germany European Commiss Joint Res Ctr JRC Ispra Italy Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW Dept Terr Ecol NL-6700 AB Wageningen Netherlands Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Gorlitz Dept Soil Zool D-02826 Gorlitz Germany Univ Freiburg Biometry & Environm Syst Anal Tennenbacher Str 4 D-79106 Freiburg Germany Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Inst Biodivers Dornburger Str 159 D-07743 Jena Germany Univ Montpellier CEFE CNRS EPHEIRD Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3 Montpellier France Sorbonne Univ Inst Ecol & Sci Environm F-75005 Paris France CNRS Theoret & Expt Ecol Stn Ctr Biodivers Theory & Modelling F-09200 Moulis France UPMC Sorbonne Univ Inst Ecol & Environm Sci Paris UMR 7618 IEES Pari CNRSINRAIRDUPEC 4 Pl Jussieu F-75000 Paris France INRA Inst Ecol & Sci Environm Paris IRD F-75005 Paris France Univ Catania Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci Via Androne 81 I-95124 Catania Ital

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.

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