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arXiv 2025年

作者： Leng, Jiaqi Ju, Yakun Duan, Yuanxu Zhang, Jiangnan Lv, Qingxuan Wu, Zuxuan Fan, Hao Haide College Ocean University of China China Shanghai Key Lab of Intell. Info. Processing School of CS Fudan University China School of Computing and Mathematic Sciences University of Leicester United Kingdom Department of Computer Engineering Qingdao City University China College of Computer Science and Technology Ocean University of China China

Surface-from-gradients (SfG) aims to recover a three-dimensional (3D) surface from its gradients. Traditional methods encounter significant challenges in achieving high accuracy and handling high-resolution inputs, particularly facing the complex nature of discontinuities and the inefficiencies associated with large-scale linear solvers. Although recent advances in deep learning, such as photometric stereo, have enhanced normal estimation accuracy, they do not fully address the intricacies of gradient-based surface reconstruction. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Fourier neural operator-based Numerical Integration Network (FNIN) within a two-stage optimization framework. In the first stage, our approach employs an iterative architecture for numerical integration, harnessing an advanced Fourier neural operator to approximate the solution operator in Fourier space. Additionally, a self-learning attention mechanism is incorporated to effectively detect and handle discontinuities. In the second stage, we refine the surface reconstruction by formulating a weighted least squares problem, addressing the identified discontinuities rationally. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency compared to current state-of-the-art solvers. This is particularly evident in handling high-resolution images with complex data, achieving errors of fewer than 0.1 mm on tested objects. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface reconstruction

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Multi-target localization using distributed MIMO radar based on spatial sparsity

Multi-target localization using distributed MIMO radar based...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and computer Applications, ICAICA 2021

作者： Zhao, Chenyang Ke, Wei Wang, Tingting Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Optoelectronic Technology in School of Computer and Electronic Information School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing China Nanjing University of Information Science Technology Jiangsu Key Lab of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665418676

This paper presents a sparsity-based multi-target localization method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems using distributed antennas. Since targets usually lie at some points within the localization domain, we are able to exploit this sparsity to convert the radar localization problem into a distributed recovery solution. Based on this natural sparsity, in this paper we introduce a block-sparse illustration model for distributed MIMO radar and propose a completely unique block-sparse recovery algorithmic rule supported approximate l0 norm diminution. The novelty of this technique is using l0 norm to push inter-block sparsity within the signals and also the optimisation problem is resolved by an ordered procedure in conjunction with a conjugate-gradient technique for quick reconstruction. Moreover, the amount of targets doesn't be well-known in advance. The effectiveness of this technique is incontestable by simulation results that obtain better localization performance and reduce computation complexness for giant sized data. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： MIMO radar

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FNIN: A Fourier Neural Operator-based Numerical Integration Network for Surface-form-gradients 39

FNIN: A Fourier Neural Operator-based Numerical Integration ...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Surface-from-gradients (SfG) aims to recover a three-dimensional (3D) surface from its gradients. Traditional methods encounter significant challenges in achieving high accuracy and handling high-resolution inputs, particularly facing the complex nature of discontinuities and the inefficiencies associated with large-scale linear solvers. Although recent advances in deep learning, such as photometric stereo, have enhanced normal estimation accuracy, they do not fully address the intricacies of gradient-based surface reconstruction. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Fourier neural operator-based Numerical Integration Network (FNIN) within a two-stage optimization framework. In the first stage, our approach employs an iterative architecture for numerical integration, harnessing an advanced Fourier neural operator to approximate the solution operator in Fourier space. Additionally, a self-learning attention mechanism is incorporated to effectively detect and handle discontinuities. In the second stage, we refine the surface reconstruction by formulating a weighted least squares problem, addressing the identified discontinuities rationally. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency compared to current state-of-the-art solvers. This is particularly evident in handling high-resolution images with complex data, achieving errors of fewer than 0.1 mm on tested objects. © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Computational modeling of binding site for RNA-ligand complex by learning Multi-modal features

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Junkai Quan, Lijun Jin, Zhi Wu, Hongjie Ma, Xuhao Wang, Xuejiao Xie, Jingxin Pan, Deng Chen, Taoning Wu, Tingfang Lyu, Qiang School of Computer Science and Technology of Soochow University Jiangsu215006 China Province Key Lab for Information Processing Technologies Soochow University Jiangsu215006 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Jiangsu210000 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Jiangsu215009 China

This study aims to address the complexity of predicting RNA-small molecule binding sites to explore the potential value in the field of RNA drug targets. To address this challenge, we propose the MultiModRLBP method, which integrates multi-modal features using deep learning algorithms. These features include 3D structural properties at the nucleotide base level, relational graphs based on overall RNA structure, and semantically rich RNA sequence information. Different deep modules are employed to learn high-dimensional different modility of semantic features. RNAbert is fine-tuned to learn sequence information, relational graph convolutional network focuses on capturing various relationships between different nodes in the RNA graph, and CNN directly and indirectly captures local and global 3D structural features. Consequently, MultiModRLBP can better reflect the inherent complex relationships within RNA. Furthermore, we expanded the dataset to include RNA complexes with the same RNA sequences but varying structures, enabling the model to better grasp subtle changes at the structural level. The research results demonstrate that the performance of MultiModRLBP outperforms state of the art methods across multiple classic test sets, especially in predicting binding sites located in pockets or those that are distantly distributed along the sequences. This advancement holds promise in reducing the costs of RNA-targeted drugs development. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Binding sites

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Data-consistent Unsupervised Diffusion Model for Metal Artifact Reduction

Data-consistent Unsupervised Diffusion Model for Metal Artif...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Tong, Zhan Wu, Zhan Yang, Yang Mao, Weilong Wang, Shijie Li, Yinsheng Chen, Yang Southeast University Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Nanjing210096 China Southeast University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Nanjing210096 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Lab. of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing The Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Nanjing210096 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

Computed Tomography (CT) is an imaging technique widely used in clinical diagnosis. However, high-attenuation metallic implants result in the obstruction of low-energy Xrays and further lead to metal artifacts in the reconstructed CT images. Deep supervised model-based metal artifact reduction(MAR) approaches are limited in clinical applications due to the difficulty in obtaining paired artifact-affected and artifactfree data. Furthermore, these model-based methods lack the consideration of data consistency in the sinogram-domain to perform exact metal trace inpainting. To address these challenges, we propose a Data-consistent unsupErVised diffusiOn model for meTal artifact rEDuction, called DEVOTED-Net. First, DEVOTED-Net leverages prior knowledge to guide the conditional diffusion model for fine-grained metal trace inpainting. Second, an unsupervised MAR framework is designed in the reverse process for the unknown metal traces restoration in the sinogram domain. Third, to further enhance the sinogram-domain data consistency, physics-based consistency constraint loss including conjugateray consistency loss and accumulation-ray consistency loss is designed. Extensive experiments are carried out to verify the performance of our algorithm on the publicly available dataset and clinical experimental dataset. This efficient, accurate, and reliable MAR approach holds great potential in clinics. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computed tomography deep unsupervised learning denoising diffusion probabilistic model Metal artifact reduction physics-based consistency constraint

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Video Mobile-Former: Video Recognition with Efficient Global Spatial-temporal Modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Rui Wu, Zuxuan Chen, Dongdong Chen, Yinpeng Dai, Xiyang Liu, Mengchen Zhou, Luowei Yuan, Lu Jiang, Yu-Gang Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Info. Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center on Intelligent Visual Computing China Microsoft Cloud&AI China

Transformer-based models have achieved top performance on major video recognition benchmarks. Benefiting from the self-attention mechanism, these models show stronger ability of modeling long-range dependencies compared to CNN-based models. However, significant computation overheads, resulted from the quadratic complexity of self-attention on top of a tremendous number of tokens, limit the use of existing video transformers in applications with limited resources like mobile devices. In this paper, we extend Mobile-Former to Video Mobile-Former, which decouples the video architecture into a lightweight 3D-CNNs for local context modeling and a Transformer modules for global interaction modeling in a parallel fashion. To avoid significant computational cost incurred by computing self-attention between the large number of local patches in videos, we propose to use very few global tokens (e.g., 6) for a whole video in Transformers to exchange information with 3D-CNNs with a cross-attention mechanism. Through efficient global spatial-temporal modeling, Video Mobile-Former significantly improves the video recognition performance of alternative lightweight baselines, and outperforms other efficient CNN-based models at the low FLOP regime from 500M to 6G total FLOPs on various video recognition tasks. It is worth noting that Video Mobile-Former is the first Transformer-based video model which constrains the computational budget within 1G FLOPs. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Prototypical Residual Networks for Anomaly Detection and Localization

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Hui Wu, Zuxuan Wang, Zheng Chen, Zhineng Jiang, Yu-Gang Shanghai Key Lab of Intell. Info. Processing School of CS Fudan University China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing China School of Computer Science Zhejiang University of Technology China

Anomaly detection and localization are widely used in industrial manufacturing for its efficiency and effectiveness. Anomalies are rare and hard to collect and supervised models easily over-fit to these seen anomalies with a handful of abnormal samples, producing unsatisfactory performance. On the other hand, anomalies are typically subtle, hard to discern, and of various appearance, making it difficult to detect anomalies and let alone locate anomalous regions. To address these issues, we propose a framework called Prototypical Residual Network (PRN), which learns feature residuals of varying scales and sizes between anomalous and normal patterns to accurately reconstruct the segmentation maps of anomalous regions. PRN mainly consists of two parts: multi-scale prototypes that explicitly represent the residual features of anomalies to normal patterns;a multi-size self-attention mechanism that enables variable-sized anomalous feature learning. Besides, we present a variety of anomaly generation strategies that consider both seen and unseen appearance variance to enlarge and diversify anomalies. Extensive experiments on the challenging and widely used MVTec AD benchmark show that PRN outperforms current state-of-the-art unsupervised and supervised methods. We further report SOTA results on three additional datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of PRN. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Towards Harnessing Feature Embedding for Robust Learning with Noisy labels

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Chuang Shen, Li Yang, Jian Gong, Chen Pca Lab The Key Lab. of Intelligent Percept. and Syst. for High-Dimensional Info. of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security China Jd Explore Academy China College of Computer Science Nankai University China

The memorization effect of deep neural networks (DNNs) plays a pivotal role in recent label noise learning methods. To exploit this effect, the model prediction-based methods have been widely adopted, which aim to exploit the outputs of DNNs in the early stage of learning to correct noisy labels. However, we observe that the model will make mistakes during label prediction, resulting in unsatisfactory performance. By contrast, the produced features in the early stage of learning show better robustness. Inspired by this observation, in this paper, we propose a novel feature embedding-based method for deep learning with label noise, termed labEl NoiseDilution (LEND). To be specific, we first compute a similarity matrix based on current embedded features to capture the local structure of training data. Then, the noisy supervision signals carried by mislabeled data are overwhelmed by nearby correctly labeled ones (i.e., label noise dilution), of which the effectiveness is guaranteed by the inherent robustness of feature embedding. Finally, the training data with diluted labels are further used to train a robust classifier. Empirically, we conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world noisy datasets by comparing our LEND with several representative robust learning approaches. The results verify the effectiveness of our LEND. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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SinCWIm: An imputation method for single-cell RNA sequence dropouts using weighted alternating least squares

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 171卷 108225-108225页

作者： Gong, Lejun Cui, Xiong Liu, Yang Lin, Cai Gao, Zhihong Jiangsu Key Lab of Big Data Security & Intelligent Processing School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China Department of Burn Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang Wenzhou325000 China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou325000 China

Background and objectives: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful tool for exploring cellular heterogeneity, discovering novel or rare cell types, distinguishing between tissue-specific cellular composition, and understanding cell differentiation during development. However, due to technological limitations, dropout events in scRNA-seq can mistakenly convert some entries in the real data to zero. This is equivalent to introducing noise into the data of cell gene expression entries. The data is contaminated, which affects the performance of downstream analyses, including clustering, cell annotation, differential gene expression analysis, and so on. Therefore, it is a crucial work to accurately determine which zeros are due to dropout events and perform imputation operations on them. Methods: Considering the different confidence levels of different zeros in the gene expression matrix, this paper proposes a SinCWIm method for dropout events in scRNA-seq based on weighted alternating least squares (WALS). The method utilizes Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical clustering to quantify the confidence of zero entries. It is then combined with WALS for matrix decomposition. And the imputation result is made close to the actual number by outlier removal and data correction operations. Results: A total of eight single-cell sequencing datasets were used for comparative experiments to demonstrate the overall superiority of SinCWIm over state-of-the-art models. SinCWIm was applied to cluster the data to obtain an adjusted RAND index evaluation, and the Usoskin, Pollen and Bladder datasets scored 94.46%, 96.48% and 76.74%, respectively. In addition, significant improvements were made in the retention of differential expression genes and visualization. Conclusions: SinCWIm provides a valuable imputation method for handling dropout events in single-cell sequencing data. In comparison to advanced methods, SinCWIm demonstrates excellent performance in

关键词： RNA

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Video smoke removal based on low-rank tensor completion via spatial-temporal continuity constraint

Video smoke removal based on low-rank tensor completion via ...

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作者： Zhu, Hu Xu, Guoxia Liu, Lu Deng, Lizhen Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communication Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication Nanjing China Department of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Gjovik Norway National Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication Nanjing China

Smoke has a very bad effect on the outdoor vision system. Not only are the videos with poor visual effects obtained, but also the quality and structure of the videos are reduced. In this paper, we propose a video smoke removal method based on low-rank tensor completion via spatial-temporal continuity constraint. The proposed method is based on the smoke mixing model and consider the sparseness of smoke and the global and local consistency of clean video. Then, the optimal solution of the smoke removal algorithm model is quickly realized by the Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier. Finally, we evaluate the experiment results of real-world data and simulated data from the visual effects and objective indicators. And the experiment results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve better smoke removal results. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Smoke

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