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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xie, Qiujie Feng, Qiming Zhang, Tianqi Li, Qingqiu Yang, Linyi Zhang, Yuejie Feng, Rui He, Liang Gao, Shang Zhang, Yue School of Computer Science Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing Fudan University China Tongji University China University College London United Kingdom Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab Canada Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention China Deakin University Australia Westlake University China Westlake Institute for Advanced Study China

Large Language Models (LLMs) are recognized as systems that closely mimic aspects of human intelligence. This capability has attracted the attention of the social science community, who see the potential in leveraging LLMs to replace human participants in experiments, thereby reducing research costs and complexity. In this paper, we introduce a benchmark for LLMs personification, including a strategy for constructing virtual characters’ life stories from the ground up, a Multi-Agent Cognitive Mechanism capable of simulating human cognitive processes, and a psychology-guided evaluation method to assess human simulations from both self and observational perspectives. Experimental results demonstrate that our constructed simulacra can produce personified responses that align with their target characters. We hope this work will serve as a benchmark in the field of human simulation, paving the way for future research. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning

Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Jinfeng Wang Sifan Song Jionglong Su S. Kevin Zhou School of AIAC Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China School of BME & Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research Center for Medical Imaging Robotics Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou China Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China

Self-supervised learning is well known for its remarkable performance in representation learning and various downstream computer vision tasks. Recently, Positive-pair-Only Contrastive Learning (POCL) has achieved reliable performance without the need to construct positive-negative training sets. It reduces memory requirements by lessening the dependency on the batch size. The POCL method typically uses a single objective function to extract the distortion invariant representation (DIR) which describes the proximity of positive-pair representations affected by different distortions. This objective function implicitly enables the model to filter out or ignore the distortion variant representation (DVR) affected by different distortions. However, some recent studies have shown that proper use of DVR in contrastive can optimize the performance of models in some downstream domain-specific tasks. In addition, these POCL methods have been observed to be sensitive to augmentation strategies. To address these limitations, we propose a novel POCL framework named Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning (DDCL) and a Distortion-Disentangled Loss (DDL). Our approach is the first to explicitly and adaptively disentangle and exploit the DVR inside the model and feature stream to improve the representation utilization efficiency, robustness and representation ability. Experiments demonstrate our framework’s superiority to Barlow Twins and Simsiam in terms of convergence, representation quality (including transferability and generalization), and robustness on several datasets.

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Pyramid Convolution and Multi-Frequency Spatial Attention for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xu, Qin Li, Yun Zhang, Mengquan Tao, Zhifu Luo, Bin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China School of Big Data and Statistics Anhui University Hefei230601 China

Learning diverse detailed feature is crucial for fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC). However, most of existing methods for FGVC use the standard convolution for feature extraction which leads to the loss of many subtle but important features. Besides, in the existing attention models for FGVC, the features are aggregated by a simple global average pooling operation, which is unable to characterize complex feature information. To address these problems, we propose pyramid convolution and multi-frequency spatial attention (PCMFSA) for FGVC. To capture spatial context dependencies of different levels and avoid the loss of the subtle features, pyramid convolution, which uses convolution kernels with various sizes, is introduced in the backbone network. To reduce the influence of background noise and obtain diverse fine-grained feature information, we propose multi-frequency spatial attention (MFSA) module, in which two channel-wise grouping operations are designed and discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the frequency domain is adopted to enhance features of different spatial positions. Moreover, to mine more valuable regions, peak suppression is used to suppress high-response regions after MFSA. A large number of experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art results on four popularly FGVC datasets. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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Decoupling Learning and Remembering: a Bilevel Memory Framework with Knowledge Projection for Task-Incremental Learning

Decoupling Learning and Remembering: a Bilevel Memory Framew...

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wenju Sun Qingyong Li Jing Zhang Wen Wang Yangli-Ao Geng Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Intelligent Information Processing of Fujian Education Institutions Wuyi University

The dilemma between plasticity and stability arises as a common challenge for incremental learning. In contrast, the human memory system is able to remedy this dilemma owing to its multilevel memory structure, which motivates us to propose a Bilevel Memory system with Knowledge Projection (BMKP) for incremental learning. BMKP decouples the functions of learning and remembering via a bilevel-memory design: a working memory responsible for adaptively model learning, to ensure plasticity; a long-term memory in charge of enduringly storing the knowledge incorporated within the learned model, to guarantee stability. However, an emerging issue is how to extract the learned knowledge from the working memory and assimilate it into the long-term memory. To approach this issue, we reveal that the parameters learned by the working memory are actually residing in a redundant high-dimensional space, and the knowledge incorporated in the model can have a quite compact representation under a group of pattern basis shared by all incremental learning tasks. Therefore, we propose a knowledge projection process to adaptively maintain the shared basis, with which the loosely organized model knowledge of working memory is projected into the compact representation to be remembered in the long-term memory. We evaluate BMKP on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Tiny-ImageNet. The experimental results show that BMKP achieves state-of-the-art performance with lower memory usage 1 1 The code is available at https://***/SunWenJu123/BMKP.

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Robust 3D phase retrieval via compressed support detection from snapshot diffraction pattern

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 177卷 108644-108644页

作者： Zhang, Cheng Zhang, Liru Zhang, Ru Chen, Mingsheng Wei, Sui Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui University Anhui Province Hefei230601 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Integrated Circuits Anhui University Anhui Province Hefei230601 China Anhui Provincial High-performance Integrated Circuit Engineering Research Center Anhui University Anhui Province Hefei230601 China

Traditional multislice iterative phase retrieval (MIPR) from snapshot two-dimensional measurements suffers from the two limitations of pre-defined support and iterative stagnation. To eliminate the requirements for priori knowledge of support masks, this paper proposes a multislice iterative phase retrieval algorithm based on compressed support detection and hybrid input-output algorithm (CSD-MIPR-HIO). The CSD-MIPR-HIO algorithm firstly uses compressed support detection to adaptively detect the support masks of each plane from single 2D diffraction intensity, and then uses a hybrid input-output (HIO) iterative algorithm for MIPR. The proposed method breaks the limitations of traditional MIPR algorithms on priori knowledge of support masks and achieve high-quality reconstruction in noisy environments. Numerical and optical experiments confirm the feasibility, superiority, and robustness of our proposed CSD-MIPR-HIO method. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Iterative methods

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Fuzzy Asynchronous Fault Tolerant Control for Semi-Markov Jump Systems

Fuzzy Asynchronous Fault Tolerant Control for Semi-Markov Ju...

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International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design, ISCID

作者： Kaixuan Chen Shuping He Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (Ministry of Education) School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui University Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438575

This work investigates the fault-tolerant control scheme for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems with actuator faults. The hidden semi-Markov model is employed to describe the asynchronous phenomenon between the controller and plant. Based on Lyapunov theory, the fault tolerant controller depending on observable mode is presented to make sure that the semi-Markov jump systems is stochastically stable and satisfies the $H_{\infty}$ performance. A simulation example via a single-link robot is employed to prove the correctness of the studied approach.

关键词： Actuators Sufficient conditions Computational modeling Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerant control Manipulators Takagi-Sugeno model

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SFTA: Spiking Neural Networks Vulnerable to Spiking Feature Transferable Attack

SFTA: Spiking Neural Networks Vulnerable to Spiking Feature ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed processing with Applications and IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous computing and Communications (ISPA/IUCC)

作者： Xuanwei Lin Chen Dong Ximeng Liu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing (Fuzhou University) Key Lab of Information Security of Network Systems (Fuzhou University)

Many recent works have shown that spiking neural networks (SNNs) are vulnerable to well-crafted adversarial attacks in the white-box setting, which may lead to misclassification of the trained model. However, the information about the model is in a black-box setting and is usually unknown to the attacker, e.g., the parameters and structure of the model. So it is more challenging to counter the attack in the black-box setting, and there is still little research on this aspect in SNNs. Therefore, this work describes a transfer-based black box adversarial attack against spike feature space representations, providing insights for robust spike features in SNNs models. The attack is explicitly designed to be transferable, and more robust feature gradients are obtained by accumulating the feature gradients of the intermediate layers. Then we can successfully attack the black-box model by suppressing robust positive features and enhancing negative features. Extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the proposed method’s effectiveness and superior performance on static and neuromorphic datasets. i.e., The attack success is 89.72% and 90% on the static MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets, and 85.97% and 69.09% on the neuromorphic N-MNIST and CIFARO-DVS datasets.

关键词： Correlation Neuromorphics Neural networks Closed box Ubiquitous computing Optimization Glass box

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OmniTracker: Unifying Object Tracking by Tracking-with-Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Junke Chen, Dongdong Wu, Zuxuan Luo, Chong Dai, Xiyang Yuan, Lu Jiang, Yu-Gang Shanghai Key Lab of Intell. Info. Processing School of CS Fudan University China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center on Intelligent Visual Computing China Microsoft Cloud + AI China Microsoft Research Asia China

Object tracking (OT) aims to estimate the positions of target objects in a video sequence. Depending on whether the initial states of target objects are specified by provided annotations in the first frame or the categories, OT could be classified as instance tracking (e.g., SOT and VOS) and category tracking (e.g., MOT, MOTS, and VIS) tasks. Combing the advantages of the best practices developed in both communities, we propose a novel tracking-with-detection paradigm, where tracking supplements appearance priors for detection and detection provides tracking with candidate bounding boxes for association. Equipped with such a design, a unified tracking model, OmniTracker, is further presented to resolve all the tracking tasks with a fully shared network architecture, model weights, and inference pipeline. Extensive experiments on 7 tracking datasets, including LaSOT, TrackingNet, DAVIS16-17, MOT17, MOTS20, and YTVIS19, demonstrate that OmniTracker achieves on-par or even better results than both task-specific and unified tracking models. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network architecture

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Deepfake Network Architecture Attribution

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Tianyun Huang, Ziyao Cao, Juan Li, Lei Li, Xirong Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Lab of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Renmin University of China China

With the rapid progress of generation technology, it has become necessary to attribute the origin of fake images. Existing works on fake image attribution perform multi-class classification on several Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) models and obtain high accuracies. While encouraging, these works are restricted to model-level attribution, only capable of handling images generated by seen models with a specific seed, loss and dataset, which is limited in real-world scenarios when fake images may be generated by privately trained models. This motivates us to ask whether it is possible to attribute fake images to the source models’ architectures even if they are finetuned or retrained under different configurations. In this work, we present the first study on Deepfake Network Architecture Attribution to attribute fake images on architecture-level. Based on an observation that GAN architecture is likely to leave globally consistent fingerprints while traces left by model weights vary in different regions, we provide a simple yet effective solution named DNA-Det for this problem. Extensive experiments on multiple cross-test setups and a large-scale dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DNA-Det. Our source code and dataset can be found here: https://***/ICTMCG/DNA-Det Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network architecture

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Enhancing the Self-Universality for Transferable Targeted Attacks

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Zhipeng Chen, Jingjing Wu, Zuxuan Jiang, Yu-Gang Shanghai Key Lab of Intell. Info. Processing School of CS Fudan University China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing China

In this paper, we propose a novel transfer-based targeted attack method that optimizes the adversarial perturbations without any extra training efforts for auxiliary networks on training data. Our new attack method is proposed based on the observation that highly universal adversarial perturbations tend to be more transferable for targeted attacks. Therefore, we propose to make the perturbation to be agnostic to different local regions within one image, which we called as self-universality. Instead of optimizing the perturbations on different images, optimizing on different regions to achieve self-universality can get rid of using extra data. Specifically, we introduce a feature similarity loss that encourages the learned perturbations to be universal by maximizing the feature similarity between adversarial perturbed global images and randomly cropped local regions. With the feature similarity loss, our method makes the features from adversarial perturbations to be more dominant than that of benign images, hence improving targeted transferability. We name the proposed attack method as Self-Universality (SU) attack. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SU can achieve high success rates for transfer-based targeted attacks. On ImageNet-compatible dataset, SU yields an improvement of 12% compared with existing state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at https://***/zhipengwei/Self-Universality. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Image enhancement

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