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Modulating charge separation and transfer for high-performance photoelectrodes via built-in electric field

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 1126-1146页

作者： Houyan Cheng Peng Liu Yuntao Cui Ru Ya Yuxiang Hu Jinshu Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China Faculty of Engineering and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology Hohhot 010020China

Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical ***,considerable efforts have been devoted to this *** review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and ***,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are ***,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface ***,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.

关键词： photoelectrochemical water splitting bulk built-in electric field cation intercalation charge separation and transfer

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Room temperature self-healing liquid metals:capabilities,applications and challenges

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2024年第3期15卷 469-501页

作者： Chen Hua Jianye Gao Jing Liu Key Lab of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Self-healing materials span diverse application fields,including flexible electronics,soft robotics,and energy ***,conventional self-healing materials pose a challenge in achiev-ing the delicate balance between flexibility and electrical ***,they also suffer from prolonged healing times,incomplete healing,and high manufacturing *** metals possess excellent self-healing capabilities owing to their unique combination of fluidic and metallic properties,high surface tension,and reversible solid-liquid phase change at room temperature,offering an intriguing material option for addressing the challenges associated with flexibility and elec-trical *** this review article,we comprehensively examine the domain of self-healing liquid metals from the standpoint of typical mechanisms underlying self-healing pro-cesses,as well as practical strategies employed for achieving such ***,we explore representative applications that showcase the potential of these materials while aiming to provide a valuable reference for advancing and enhancing the field of self-healing *** pro-spect along this direction is made.

关键词： Self-healing Liquid metal Smart materials

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Tree Models Machine Learning to Identify Liquid Metal based Alloy Superconductor

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hua, Chen Liu, Jing Key Lab of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Superconductors, which are crucial for modern advanced technologies due to their zero-resistance properties, are limited by low Tc and the difficulty of accurate prediction. This article made the initial endeavor to apply machine learning to predict the critical temperature (Tc) of liquid metal (LM) alloy superconductors. Leveraging the SuperCon dataset, which includes extensive superconductor property data, we developed a machine learning model to predict Tc. After addressing data issues through preprocessing, we compared multiple models and found that the Extra Trees model outperformed others with an R2 of 0.9519 and an RMSE of 6.2624 K. This model is subsequently used to predict Tc for LM alloys, revealing In0.5Sn0.5 as having the highest Tc at 7.01 K. Furthermore, we extended the prediction to 2,145 alloys binary and 45,670 ternary alloys across 66 metal elements and promising results were achieved. This work demonstrates the advantages of tree-based models in predicting Tc and would help accelerate the discovery of high-performance LM alloy superconductors in the coming time. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Superconducting transition temperature

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Predicting Vibration Fatigue Strength and Three-Dimensional Fatigue Crack Growth in Simulated Compressor Blade by Phase-Field Model

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sun, Shen Liu, Shijie He, Weiwei Zhang, Xuan Tang, Wei Zhou, Liucheng Yi, Min Nanjing210016 China Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Laboratory of Science and Technology on Cryogenic Liquid Propulsion Beijing100076 China National Key Lab of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology Air Force Engineering University Xi’an710038 China

Vibration fatigue is a major concern for aeroengine compressor blades under complex cyclic mechanical and aero-dynamic loads, but predicting vibration fatigue behavior of blades remains challenging. Herein, a phase-field fatigue fracture model is applied to simulate the vibration fatigue behavior of the simulated compressor blade. In the phase-field model, a logarithmic degradation function is adopted to describe the fracture toughness decreasing with fatigue cycles. Vibration induced cyclic loads are mimicked by the pressure applied on the blade surface. The three-dimensional (3D) fatigue crack propagation of the simulated blade is simulated. It is found that the fatigue crack initiates at the variable cross-section and propagates horizontally. Laser shock peening (LSP) is further shown to improve the fatigue properties, i.e., LSP induced compressive residual stress results in a 95% increase of fatigue life and notably retards the 3D fatigue crack growth. For the vibration fatigue strength of both the original and LSPed blades, the predictions are within the ±5% error band. The phase-field model here provides a predictive approach for the evaluation of vibration fatigue behavior and shows a great potential in the optimal design of durable and reliable compressor blades. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fatigue crack propagation

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Liquid Metal Ga-Optimized Tio2 Electron Layer for Mapbbr3 Perovskite Solar Cells

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Meng, Xianwei Du, Bangdeng Chen, Xueqing Li, Qian Liu, Jing Key Lab of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

The exceptional electron transport performance and high stability of titanium dioxide (TiO2) make it widely used in the electron transport layer (ETL). However, the presence of numerous surface defects in TiO2 layer can lead to unnecessary non-radiative recombination, which reduces carrier mobility and affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Therefore, tremendous researches have been focused on reducing surface defects and improving carrier mobility in TiO2 layer. In this study, we adopted liquid metal gallium (Ga) with high conductivity at room temperature as an optimization strategy to enhance the performance of TiO2 layer. By incorporating liquid metal Ga into the TiO2 precursor solution, we successfully fabricated a TiO2-Ga layer that exhibits reduced surface defects and optimized energy level structure. This provides an efficient pathway for electron transport in perovskite layer. Experimental results demonstrate that (methyl ammonium lead tribromide) MAPbBr3 perovskite solar cell devices based on TiO2-Ga layer achieve nearly 24% higher PCE compared to those based on pure TiO2 layer. This successful optimization strategy utilizing liquid metal Ga offers novel insights and approaches for enhancing the performance of PSCs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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Low-Cost and Scalable Liquid Metal Printing to Quickly Fabricate High Transparency Ga-Doped ITO Films

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Advanced Materials Technologies 2025年

作者： Song, Yujia Zhang, Qi Chen, Xueqing Wang, Ju Li, Ruofan Li, Qian Liu, Jing Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films, particularly indium tin oxide (ITO) films, are essential in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. However, conventional methods for fabricating and doping ITO films face significant challenges, including high temperatures, vacuum requirements, complex procedures, and high costs. Here a low-temperature, one-step liquid gallium–indium–tin printing technique is presented to fabricate Ga-doped ITO nanofilms. According to needs, In–Sn alloys with varying Sn content can be synthesized and subsequently doped with Ga to form Ga–In–Sn alloys, which then allows printing onto target substrates. Comprehensive characterization reveals that the printed Ga-doped ITO films exhibit exceptional performances. Specifically, the bandgap of films increases with Ga doping, even reaching 4.81 eV. The transmittance of 1 at.% Ga-doped ITO films in the visible spectrum exceed 99.82%. While Ga doping increases the resistance of the films, repetitive multilayer printing effectively mitigates this issue. Furthermore, the printed Ga-doped ITO films embedded into the LED circuit exhibit excellent conductivity. Notably, the films on flexible substrates retain their conductivity even after bending, highlighting their potential for flexible electronics. This liquid metal printing method offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional ITO fabrication, with significant promises for future large-scale optoelectronic device production. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Gallium alloys

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