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Revegetation with artificial plants improves topsoil hydrological properties but intensifies deep-soil drying in northern Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 335-346页

作者： ZHANG Qingyin JIA Xiaoxu ZHAO Chunlei SHAO Ming'an State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Knowledge about the effects of vegetation types on soil properties and on water dynamics in the soil profile is critical for revegetation strategies in water-scarce regions, especially the choice of vegetation type and human management measures. We focused on the analysis of the effects of vegetation type on soil hydrological properties and soil moisture variation in the 0–400 cm soil layer based on a long-term（2004―2016） experimental data in the northern Loess Plateau region, China. Soil bulk density（BD）, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity（Ks）, field capacity（FC） and soil organic carbon（SOC） in 2016, as well as the volumetric soil moisture content during 2004–2016, were measured in four vegetation types, i.e., shrubland（korshinsk peashrub）, artificial grassland（alfalfa）, fallow land and cropland（millet or potato）. Compared with cropland, revegetation with peashrub and alfalfa significantly decreased BD and increased Ks, FC, and SOC in the 0–40 cm soil layer, and fallow land significantly increased FC and SOC in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Soil water storage（SWS） significantly declined in shrubland and grassland in the 40–400 cm soil layer, causing severe soil drought in the deep soil layers. The study suggested that converting cropland to grassland（alfalfa） and shrubland（peashrub） improved soil-hydrological properties, but worsened water conditions in the deep soil profile. However, natural restoration did not intensify deep-soil drying. The results imply that natural restoration could be better than revegetation with peashrub and alfalfa in terms of good soil hydrological processes in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region.

关键词： soil drying soil hydrological property soil moisture vegetation restoration Loess Plateau

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Changes of Soil Erosion and Possible Impacts from ecosystem Recovery in the Three-River Headwaters Region, Qinghai, China from 2000 to 2015

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第5期10卷 461-471页

作者： WANG Zhao WANG Junbang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Soil erosion poses a great threat to the sustainability of the ecological environment and the harmonious development of human *** revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)was used to quantify soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters region(TRH),Qinghai,China from 2000 to *** possible effects of an ecosystem restoration project on soil erosion were explored against the background of climatic changes in the study *** model was validated with on-ground observations and showed a satisfactory performance,with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.62 from the linear regression between the estimations and *** soil erosion modulus in 2010–2015 increased 6.2%,but decreased 1.2%compared with those in the periods of 2000–2005 and 2005–2010,*** on the method of overlay analysis,the interannual change of the estimated soil erosion was dominated by climate(about 64%),specifically by precipitation,rather than by vegetation coverage(about 34%).Despite some uncertainties in the model and data,this study quantified the relative contribution of ecological restoration under global climatic change;meanwhile the complexity,labor-intensiveness and long-range character of ecological restoration projects have to be ***-ground observations over the long-term,further parameterization,and data inputs with higher quality are necessary and essential for decreasing the uncertainties in the estimations.

关键词： RUSLE model soil erosion climate changes ecosystem protection and recovery

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Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Phosphorus Addition on Soil Microbes

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wu, Wenchao Wang, Fang Xia, Anquan Zhang, Zejin Wang, Zongsong Wang, Kui Dong, Junfu Li, Tong Wu, Yibo Che, Rongxiao Li, Linfeng Niu, Shuli Hao, Yanbin Wang, Yanfen Cui, Xiaoyong College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security School of Environment and Science Griffith University Brisbane Australia Institute of International Rivers and Ecosecurity Yunnan University Kunming China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Soil microbes play a crucial role in myriad ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystem. With increasing nitrogen (N) loading, phosphorus (P) may become more limiting for soil microbes and these processes. However, it remains unclear to what extent P addition impacts soil microbial communities and respiration at global scale, especially under different N loadings. Therefore, we used a global meta-analysis to examine the effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbes based on 2293 paired observations from 129 studies in the world. Overall, P addition increased significantly total as well as fungal, bacterial, and actinomycete (ACT) phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), together with Gram+ bacteria (G+) and Gram- bacteria (G-) abundance regardless of N input or not. The increments were more pronounced under higher P addition rate or places with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) or mean annual precipitation (MAP). Moreover, the fungi: bacteria ratio significantly decreased along elevational gradients. Furthermore, higher P addition frequency tended to have significantly more ACT PLFAs, as well as higher G+: G-, but significantly lower fungi: bacteria ratio. However, the responses of soil microbes varied with P addition forms and ecosystem types. In addition, the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents was positively correlated with those of MBC and bacterial PLFAs, and all these three parameters, in addition to fungal PLFAs, correlated positively with the response of soil respiration (Rs). Our results suggest that phosphorus addition had globally positive effects on soil microbes with different N loadings, and the positive effects of soil microbes tended to promote Rs and Rh. These results deepen our understanding of soil microbial community structure and function dynamics under increasing P deposition. They also provide extensive evidences and bases for parameterization of soil carbon cycling models incorporating microbial responses under global change. © 20

关键词： Bacteria

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Multifunctionality and Thresholds of Alpine Grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第3期11卷 263-271页

作者： SONG Minghua LI Meng HUO Jiajuan WU Liang ZHANG Xianzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China Department of Ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Center for World Geography and Resources Research Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

ecosystems can simultaneously provide multiple functions and services. Knowledge on the combinations of such multi-dimensional functions is critical for accurately assessing the carrying capacity and implementing sustainable management. However, accurately quantify the multifunctionality of ecosystems remains challenging due to the dependence and close association among individual functions. Here, we quantified spatial patterns in the multifunctionality of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau by integrating four important individual functions based on data collected from a field survey and remote sensing NDVI. After mapping the spatial pattern of multifunctionality, we extracted multifunctionality values across four types of grassland along the northern Tibet Plateau transect. Effects of climate and grazing intensity on the multifunctionality were differentiated. Our results showed that the highest values of multifunctionality occurred in the alpine meadow. Low values of multifunctionality were comparable in different types of grassland. Annual precipitation explained the large variation of multifunctionality across the different types of grassland in the transect, which showed a significantly positive effect on the multifunctionality. Grazing intensity further explained the rest of the variation in the multifunctionality(residuals), which showed a shift from neutral or positive to negative effects on multifunctionality across the different types of grassland. The consistently rapid declines of belowground biomass, SOC, and species richness resulted in the collapse of the multifunctionality as bare ground cover amounted to 75%, which corresponded to a multifunctionality value of 0.233. Our results are the first to show the spatial pattern of grassland multifunctionality. The rapid decline of the multifunctionality suggests that a collapse in the multifunctionality can occur after the vegetation cover decreases to 25%, which is also accompanied by rapid losses of

关键词： individual functions multifunctionality grazing intensity alpine grassland vegetation cover

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Interdependent Dynamics of LAI-ET across Roofing Landscapes:the Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第3期10卷 296-306页

作者： TIAN Li Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Zhongke-Ji'an Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences Ji'an Jiangxi 343000 China

The Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus have experieneed warming higher than the global average in recent decades, resulting in many significant changes to ecosystem structures and functions. Among items that show change are the leaf area in dex (LAI) and evapotranspirati on (ET), both of which play a fun dame ntal role in shapi ng many causes and conseque nces of la nd surface processes and climate. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes of the LAI and ET and their relationships on these two roofing Iandscapes. Based on the MODIS products from 2000 through 2014, we found that there existed a gen era I positive relationship betwee n LAI and ET on the Mongolia Plateau (MP), while synergy did not exist on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Overall, 49.38%(50.62%) of land areas on the TP experieneed significant increases (decreases) in LAI, while on the MP the percentages of increase and decrease were 94.92%(5.09%). For ET, the increased land area was 21.70%(124100 km^2) on the TP and 88.01%(341600 km^2) on the MP. More importantly, the relationships varied substantially across space and over time, with mismatches found in some parts of the Iandscapes. Additional observational investigations and/or experime ntal research are n eeded to explore the relati on ships, including the in flue nces of vegetation characteristics and disturbances.

关键词： ET LAI alpine Eurasian continent altitude and latitude land surface process

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modeling soil salinization at the downstream of a lowland reservoir

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Hydrology Research 2019年第5期50卷 1202-1215页

作者： Wu, Xia Xia, Jun Zhan, Chesheng Jia, Ruiliang Li, Yang Qiao, Yunfeng Zou, Lei Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan430000 China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi830052 China Agriculture and Forestry Animal Husbandry Bureau Karamay834000 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Soil salinization is a crucial issue in arid and semi-arid regions, especially for reservoir-based irrigation systems. In this study, the HYDRUS-1D model was used to investigate soil salinity resulting from seepage from a lowland reservoir in Xinjiang province, China. After successfully developing a model to simulate field observations, it was used to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios with different groundwater (GW) salinities and depths to GW. The model was calibrated, validated, and run for scenarios with periods of 367, 363, and 436 days. Root mean square error values of soil water and soil salinity ranged from 0.000 to 0.053 cm3/cm3 and 0.56 to 5.66 g/L, respectively, during calibration, and from 0.009 to 0.039 cm3/cm3 and 1.86 to 7.52 g/L, respectively, during validation. The results indicate that soil salinity downstream of the reservoir depends strongly on the depth to the GW level, while GW salinity has a much smaller impact. Controlling leakage from lowland reservoirs to avoid rising GW levels is therefore important to minimize soil salinization. These findings are generally useful for lowland reservoir design and construction, and for irrigation management in arid regions. © IWA Publishing 2019

关键词： Groundwater

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Vertical distribution and storage of soil organic and inorganic carbon in a typical inland river basin,Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 183-201页

作者： YANG Fan HUANG Laiming YANG Renmin YANG Fei LI Decheng ZHAO Yuguo YANG Jinling LIU Feng ZHANG Ganlin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Knowledge of soil carbon（C） distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such knowledge is limited in environments with complex landscape configurations. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and storage of soil organic carbon（SOC） and soil inorganic carbon（SIC） in the 10 representative landscapes（alpine meadow, subalpine shrub and meadow, mountain grassland, mountain forest, typical steppe, desert steppe, Hexi Corridor oases cropland, Ruoshui River delta desert, Alxa Gobi desert, and sandy desert） with contrasting bioclimatic regimes in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. We also measured the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio in soil carbonate to understand the sources of SIC because the ratio can be used as a proxy in calculating the contribution of pedogenic inorganic carbon（PIC） to total SIC. Our results showed that SOC contents generally decreased with increasing soil depth in all landscapes, while SIC contents exhibited more complicated variations along soil profiles in relation to pedogenic processes and parent materials at the various landscapes. There were significant differences of C stocks in the top meter among different landscapes, with SOC storage ranging from 0.82 kg C/m^2 in sandy desert to 50.48 kg C/m^2 in mountain forest and SIC storage ranging from 0.19 kg C/m^2 in alpine meadow to 21.91 kg C/m^2 in desert steppe. SIC contributed more than 75% of total C pool when SOC storage was lower than 10 kg C/m^2, and the proportion of PIC to SIC was greater than 70% as calculated from Sr isotopic ratio, suggesting the critical role of PIC in the C budget of this region. The considerable variations of SOC and SIC in different landscapes were attributed to different pedogenic environments resulted from contrasting climatic regimes, parent materials and vegetation types. This study provides an evidence for a general t

关键词： Heihe River Basin arid ecosystem soil landscape pedogenesis pedogenic carbonate SOC CaCO3

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Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 505-514页

作者： Honglin He Shaoqiang Wang Li Zhang Junbang Wang Xiaoli Ren Lei Zhou Shilong Piao Hao Yan Weimin Ju Fengxue Gu Shiyong Yu Yuanhe Yang Miaomiao Wang Zhongen Niu Rong Ge Huimin Yan Mei Huang Guoyi Zhou Yongfei Bai Zongqiang Xie Zhiyao Tang Bingfang Wu Leiming Zhang Nianpeng He Qiufeng Wang Guirui Yu Synthesis Research Center of China's Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environment Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration International Institute for Earth System Science and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Nanjing University Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture MOA Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Geography Geomatics and Planning Jiangsu Normal University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes. Over the past decade, China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming. However, the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production（NEP） in China under climate changes are not well documented. Here, we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China's NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country. Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of–5.95 TgC/yr2（reduced sink） during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 TgC/yr2（enhanced sink） during 2000–10. This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon, which stimulated carbon uptake, and the warming hiatus, which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend. Compared to the contribution of 56.3% by the climate effect, atmospheric CO2concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions（8.6 and 11.3%, respectively） to the shift. In conclusion, within the context of the global-warming hiatus, the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration. Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades, but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas.

关键词： climate change Asian summer monsoon warming hiatus biogeochemical modeling ecosystem carbon dynamics

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Estimation and analysis of the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第11期29卷 1807-1822页

作者： REN Xiaoli LU Qianqian HE Honglin ZHANG Li NIU Zhongen Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Zhongke Tongde (Beijing) Ecology Technology Co. Beijing 100124China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global *** estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years *** this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion laboratory Model (PT-JPL) driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/*** results showed that:(1) The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2) Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr (p<0.01).(3) Seasonal and inter- annual variations of T/ET had different dominant *** and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01) of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI (53%,p<0.05).

关键词： The North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) forest ecosystems ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) water use efficiency (WUE)

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Driving Mechanism of Gross Primary Production Changes and Implications for Grassland Management on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第5期10卷 472-480页

作者： SUN Wei LI Meng WANG Junhao FU Gang Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The contribution of climatic change and anthropogenic activities to vegetation productivity are not fully *** this study,we determined potential climate-driven gross primary production(GPPp)using a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model,and actual gross primary production(GPPa)using MODIS Approach in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to *** GPPa was influenced by both climatic change and anthropogenic *** primary production caused by anthropogenic activities(GPPh)was calculated as the difference between GPPp and *** 75.63%and 24.37%of the area percentages of GPPa showed increasing and decreasing trends,*** change and anthropogenic activities were dominant factors responsible for approximately 42.90%and 32.72%of the increasing area percentage of GPPa,*** contrast,climatic change and anthropogenic activities were responsible for approximately 16.88%and 7.49%of the decreasing area percentages of GPPa,*** absolute values of the change trends of GPPp and GPPh of meadows were greater than those of *** GPPp change values were greater than those of GPPh at all elevations,whereas both GPPp and GPPh showed decreasing trends when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,*** change had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were lower than 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,*** contrast,anthropogenic activities had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,***,the causes of actual gross primary production changes varied with elevations,regions and grassland types,and grassland classification management should be considered on the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： alpine regions elevation grassland classification management grassland types

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