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Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality

Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 861-895页

作者： Yuanhe Yang Yue Shi Wenjuan Sun Jinfeng Chang Jianxiao Zhu Leiyi Chen Xin Wang Yanpei Guo Hongtu Zhang Lingfei Yu Shuqing Zhao Kang Xu Jiangling Zhu Haihua Shen Yuanyuan Wang Yunfeng Peng Xia Zhao Xiangping Wang Huifeng Hu Shiping Chen Mei Huang Xuefa Wen Shaopeng Wang Biao Zhu Shuli Niu Zhiyao Tang Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesLaboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forest UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink(referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) concentration and to achieve carbon neutrality *** better understand the characteristics of terrestrial C sinks and their contribution to carbon neutrality,this review summarizes major progress in terrestrial C budget researches during the past decades,clarifies spatial patterns and drivers of terrestrial C sources and sinks in China and around the world,and examines the role of terrestrial C sinks in achieving carbon neutrality *** to recent studies,the global terrestrial C sink has been increasing from a source of (-0.2±0.9) Pg C yr^(-1)(1 Pg=1015g)in the 1960s to a sink of (1.9±1.1) Pg C yr^(-1) in the *** synthesizing the published data,we estimate terrestrial C sink of 0.20–0.25 Pg C yr^(-1) in China during the past decades,and predict it to be 0.15–0.52 Pg C yr^(-1) by *** terrestrial C sinks are mainly located in the mid-and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere,while tropical regions act as a weak C sink or *** C balance differs much among ecosystem types:forest is the major C sink;shrubland,wetland and farmland soil act as C sinks;and whether the grassland functions as C sink or source remains *** might be a C sink,but the magnitude and the associated mechanisms are still *** atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,nitrogen deposition,climate change,and land cover change are the main drivers of terrestrial C sinks,while other factors such as fires and aerosols would also affect ecosystem C *** driving factors of terrestrial C sink differ among *** CO_(2) concentration and climate change are major drivers of the C sinks in North America and Europe,while afforestation and ecological restoration are additionally important forcing factors of terrestrial C sinks in *** future studies,we recommend th

关键词： terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink carbon neutrality carbon cycle global warming

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Effects of Water Vapor Source and Local Evaporation on the Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Precipitation

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2019年第2期40卷 573-581页

作者： Hu, Yong-Bo Xiao, Wei Qian, Yu-Fei Liu, Qiang Xie, Cheng-Yu Zhang, Xiu-Fang Zhang, Wen-Qing Wen, Xue-Fa Liu, Shou-Dong Lee, Xu-Hui Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in precipitation are good tracers and can provide unique information about the water cycle. Precipitation samples were collected at the Nanjing, Liyang, Yixing, and Dongshan sites in 2016, and the HDO and H218O compositions of precipitation were measured. The temporal variability of HDO and H218O compositions and deuterium-excess of precipitation were analyzed, and the influence of the water vapor source and local evaporation on stable isotopic composition of precipitation were discussed. The results indicated that: ① Seasonal variations in the HDO composition, H218O composition, and deuterium-excess of precipitation occurred due to different water vapor sources during the summer and winter monsoon seasons. The HDO and H218O compositions were depleted during the summer monsoon season and enriched during the winter monsoon season. The deuterium-excess during the summer monsoon season was lower compared to the winter monsoon season. ② During the summer monsoon, the evaporation of Lake Taihu made the deuterium-excess of downwind precipitation and the downwind intercept of the local meteoric water line higher. During the winter monsoon season, local evaporation had little influence on HDO and H218O components in precipitation. ③ Both of the intercepts and slopes of the local meteoric water line were higher than those of the global meteoric water line, due to moisture recycling during the winter monsoon season and different water vapor sources between the summer and winter monsoon seasons. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Oxygen

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Towards Regional Synergy: Reconciling Rangeland Ecological Functioning with Forage Production of Cultivated Pasture

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第3期11卷 247-252页

作者： SHI Peili ZHANG Xianzhou Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Animal husbandry and crop farming are specialized for development in separate areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Such a pattern of isolation has led to current concerns of rangeland and farming system degradation due to intensive land use. The crop-livestock integration, however, has been proven to increase food and feed productivity thorough niche complementarity, and is thereby especially effective for promoting ecosystem resilience. Regional synergy has emerged as an integrated approach to reconcile rangeland livestock with forage crop production. It moves beyond the specialized sectors of animal husbandry and intensive agriculture to coordinate them through regional coupling. Therefore, crop-livestock integration(CLI) has been suggested as one of the effective solutions to forage deficit and livestock production in grazing systems. But it is imperative that CLI moves forward from the farm level to the regional scale, in order to secure regional synergism during agro-pastoral development. The national key R & D program, Technology and Demonstration of Recovery and Restoration of Degraded Alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, aims to solve the problems of alpine grassland degradation by building up a grass-based animal husbandry technology system that includes synergizing forage production and ecological functioning, reconciling the relationship between ecology, forage production and animal husbandry, and achieving the win-win goals of curbing grassland degradation and changing the development mode of animal husbandry. It is imperative to call for regional synergy through integrating ecological functioning with ecosystem services, given the alarming threat of rangeland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The series of papers in this issue, together with those published previously, provide a collection of rangeland ecology and management studies in an effort to ensure the sustainable use and management of the alpine ecosystems.

关键词： Tibet Plateau ecosystem restoration and reconstruction crop-livestock integration regional synergy reconciling rangeland functioning with forage production

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Estimating evaporation over a large and shallow lake using stable isotopic method: A case study of Lake Taihu

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Hupo Kexue/Journal of Lake Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 1009-1017页

作者： Xiao, Wei Fu, Jingru Wang, Wei Wen, Xuefa Xu, Jingzheng Xiao, Qitao Hu, Cheng Liu, Shoudong Li, Xuhui Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Accurate estimation on lake evaporation was vital to hydrology, meteorology and limnology. Based on the data of water budgets, meteorological and stable isotopic observation over Lake Taihu from 2013 to 2015, the evaporation of Lake Taihu was estimated using the isotopic mass balance model, the water mass balance method and the Priestley-Taylor model. The seasonal and inter-annual variabilities of lake evaporation were analyzed, and the performance of the water balance method and the stable isotopic water balance model were evaluated with the Priestley-Taylor model result as reference. The results indicated: Evaporation of Lake Taihu was higher from May to September and less in winter. Annual evaporation in 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 1069, 894 and 935 mm, and the inter-annual variation was controlled by weather condition. Lake evaporation during the period from December 2013 to November 2014 calculated using the Priestley-Taylor model was 885 mm, and the result of the isotopic mass balance model was similar with a value of 893 mm. Whereas it was overestimated significantly by the water balance method with a value of 1247 mm. © 2017 by Journal of Lake Sciences.

关键词： Evaporation

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Soil erosion affects variations of soil organic carbon and soil respiration along a slope in Northeast China

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 360-369页

作者： Tong Li Haicheng Zhang Xiaoyuan Wang Shulan Cheng Huajun Fang Gang Liu Wenping Yuan State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement IPSL-LSCECEA/CNRS/UVSQ SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural disaster Studies School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519082China

Background:Although soil erosion plays a key role in the carbon cycle,a holistic and mechanistic understanding of the soil erosion process within the cycle is still *** aim of this study was therefore to improve our mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil respiration dynamics through an experiment conducted in an eroding black soil farmland landscape in Northeast ***:The depositional profiles store 5.9 times more SOC than the eroding profiles and 3.3 times more SOC than the non-eroding profiles.A linear correlation between the SOC and 137Cs(Caesium-137)was observed in our study,suggesting that the SOC decreased with increased soil ***,the fractions of intermediate C and the microaggregate C were lowest at the eroding position and highest at the depositional *** the depositional topsoil,the input of labile materials plays a promotional role in soil ***,in the subsoil(i.e.,below 10 cm),the potential mineralization rates were lowest at the depositional position—due to effective stabilization by physical protection within soil *** field results of soil surface respiration also suggest that the depositional topsoil SOC is prone to be mineralized and that SOC at this depositional context is stabilized at subsoil *** addition,the high water contents at the depositional position can limit the decomposition rates and stabilize the SOC at the same ***:The findings from this study support that a majority of the SOC at footslope is stored within most of the soil profile(i.e.,below 10 cm)and submitted to long-term stabilization,and meanwhile support that the depositional profile emits more CO2 than the summit due to its high amount and quality of SOC.

关键词： Soil erosion Soil organic carbon Soil respiration Sloping farmland

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Spatial and Temporal Variations in Available Soil Nitrogen—A Case Study in Kobresia Alpine Meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第3期7卷 177-189页

作者： Li Lin Guangmin Cao Fawei Zhang Xun Ke Yikang Li Xingliang Xu Qian Li Xiaowei Guo Bo Fan Yangong Du Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining China College of Life Science Luoyang Normal University Luoyang China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Elucidating the factors that determine the effects of temporal and spatial variation of nutrients is important for analyzing the characteristics of an ecosystem. The goal of this paper was to estimate how values obtained using a particular sampling approach correlated with the actual data for an entire plot. The mesh partition method was employed to divide an integrated observing field (IOF) located at the Haibei National Field Research Station of an alpine grassland ecosystem, China, into 25 subplots. Five of the 25 subplots were randomly selected for soil sampling and to determine the source of variations in soil nutrient content from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that, contributions of temporal and spatial variation in available nitrogen in the 0 - 10 cm soil layer accounted for 47.3% and 52.7%, respectively. The contribution of spatial variance was higher than that of temporal variance especially in the surface soil layers. The available soil nitrogen content in the alpine meadow was not obviously affected by fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. Increasing the number of samples could reduce calculation errors in measuring available soil nitrogen content, while collecting a reasonable number of samples can save time and labor.

关键词： Available Soil Nitrogen Source of Nutrient Variation Temporal Variation Spatial Variation Alpine Meadow

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Dynamic changes of habitats in China's typical national nature reserves on spatial and temporal scales

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第6期28卷 778-790页

作者： ZHU Ping HUANG Lin XIAO Tong WANG Junbang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Until 2015,China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47million km^2,covering 14.8%of China’s terrestrial land *** on remote sensing inversion,ecological model simulation and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of fractional vegetation coverage(FVC),net primary production(NPP),and human disturbance(HD)in habitats of typical national nature reserves(NNRs)during the first 15 years of the 21st century from 2000 to *** then the three indicators were compared between different NNR types and varied climate *** results showed that(1)the average 5-year FVC of NNRs increased from 36.3%to 37.1%,and it improved in all types of NNRs to some *** annual average FVC increased by 0.11%,0.84%,0.21%,0.09%,0.11%and 0.08%in NNRs of forest ecosystem,plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem,wild animal and wild plant,respectively.(2)The NPP annually increased by 2.06 g·m^(-2),1.23 g·m^(-2),0.28 g·m^(-2)and 0.4 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem and wild animal,***,it decreased by 3.45 g·m^(-2)and2.35 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of forest ecosystem and wild plant respectively.(3)In the past 15 years,besides the slight decreases in the NNRs located at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south subtropical zone,HD enhanced in most of NNRs,especially HD in the warm temperate humid zone increased from 4.7%to 5.35%.

关键词： national nature reserves habitat fractional vegetation coverage net primary production humandisturbance

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Cultivated Grassland Development on the Tibetan Plateau:Current Status,Challenges,Suggestions

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 804-813页

作者： HOU Ge SHI Peili ZHAO Guangshuai CHEN Xueying HUANG Xiaofang DUAN Cheng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Development Research Center National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100714China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The Tibetan Plateau is vital for animal husbandry in China,and relies heavily on its natural ***,grassland degradation,increasing livestock numbers,and uneven grazing practices are exacerbating the grass-livestock *** grasslands are a key strategy to address this *** this review,we evaluate the current status,challenges,and suggestions for developing and managing Tibetan Plateau cultivated *** discernible advancements have been made in the cultivated grasslands in this region,persistent challenges *** challenges stem from issues like low awareness and enthusiasm among farmers and herders,uneven cultivated grassland distribution,and limited scientific and technological *** on these challenges,we propose strengthening the promotion of artificial forage,implementing a rationalized grassland layout,and improving the scientific and technological contributions to forage species selection,sowing,management,and *** summary,cultivated grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau offer promising prospects but still face significant *** these obstacles will require innovative approaches to unlock the full potential of cultivated grasslands in this unique ecological niche.

关键词： animal husbandry balance of grass and livestock cultivated grassland Tibetan Plateau

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A Functional Land Use Classification for Ecological, Production and Living Spaces in the Taihang Mountains

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第3期10卷 246-255页

作者： GENG Shoubao ZHU Wanrui SHI Peili Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

A combination of rapid industrialization, economic development and urbanization has caused a series of issues such as resource shortages, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and tension between human needs and land conservation. In order to promote balanced development of human, resources, ecosystems, the environment, and the economy and society, it is vital to conceptualize ecological spaces, production spaces and living spaces. Previous studies of ecological-production-living spaces focused mainly on urban and rural areas; few studies have examined mountainous areas. The Taihang Mountains, a key area between the North China Plain and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area providing ecological shelter and the safeguarding of crucial water sources, suffer from increasing problems of fragile environment, inappropriate land use and tensions in the human-land relationship. However, studies of the ecological, production, and living spaces in the Taihang Mountains are still lacking. Therefore, this study, based on the concept of ecological-production-living spaces and using data from multiple sources, took the Taihang Mountains as the study area to build a functional land classification system for ecological-production-living spaces. After the classification system was in place, spatial distribution maps for ecological, production and living spaces were delineated. This space mapping not only characterized the present land use situation, but also established a foundation for future land use optimization. Results showed that the area of ecological space was 78,440 km^2, production space 51,861 km^2 and living space 6,646 km^2, accounting for 57.28%, 37.87% and 4.85% of the total area, respectively. Ecological space takes up the most area and is composed mainly of forests and grasslands. Additionally, most of the ecological space is located in higher elevation mountainous areas, and plays an important role in regulating and maintaining ecological security. Production space,

关键词： ecological-production-living space la nd classificati on system la nd function spatial pattern the Taihang Mountains

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The temporal and spatial distributionfeatures of precipitation based on corrected TMPA data in northwest arid area of China

The temporal and spatial distributionfeatures of precipitati...

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IGU2013 International Conference on Water Sustainability in Arid Regions(第十届国际地理大会——水资源可持续发展论坛)

作者： Yanfen Yang Yi Luo Chansheng He University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina100049 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences11ADatun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina100101 Lanzhou UniversitySouth Tianshui RoadLanzhouChina730000 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences11ADatun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina100101

The northwest arid region of China has an extensive coverage of land and *** and its distribution are critically complicated by the atmospheric circulation and the *** observed precipitation data is quite scare due to...

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