检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Characteristics of dew events in an arid artificial oasis cropland and a sub-humid cropland in China

Journal of Arid Land 2016年第3期8卷 399-408页

作者： MENG Yao WEN Xuefa Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dew is an important source of water which significantly influences the physiological status of vegetation and the microclimate environment. For quantifying the characteristics of dew events and analyzing the underlying mechanism of dew formation in different ecosystems, we measured, based on the flux-profile method, the amount, frequency and duration of dew events in two croplands, an arid artificial oasis cropland in Zhangye, Gansu province and a sub-humid cropland in Luancheng, Hebei province in China. The results showed that dew events were observed in a total of 69 days in Zhangye, which accounted for 59% of the growing season（from 28 May to 21 September, 2012）, while 128 days in Luancheng, which accounted for 79% of the growing season（from 5 April to 13 September, 2008）. The frequencies of dew events were 2.8 and 2.4 times of those of precipitation in Zhangye and Luancheng, respectively. In addition, the dew amount reached up to 9.9 and 20.2 mm in Zhangye and Luancheng, which accounted for 9.5% and 4.1% of precipitation, respectively. The average amount of dew was 0.14 and 0.16 mm/night in Zhangye and Luancheng, respectively and the duration of dew events ranged from 0.5 to 12.0 h in the two study sites. Dew amounts were associated with the gradient of atmospheric water vapor concentration and dew duration（P＆lt;0.001） in both the two sites. The result implies that dew events play a more important role in crop growth in arid areas in comparison to sub-humid areas considering the dew occurrence frequency and the amount per night.

关键词： dew amount frequency of dew duration of dew flux-profile

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Simulated NH_4^+-N Deposition Inhibits CH_4 Uptake and Promotes N_2O Emission in the Meadow Steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

引用

Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 306-317页

作者： LIU Xingren ZHANG Qingwen LI Shenggong ZHANG Leiming REN Jianqiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Clear Watershed Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 (China) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 (China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 (China)

Few studies are conducted to quantify the effects of enhanced N deposition on soil nitrous oxide （N2O） emission and methane （CH4） uptake in the meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen （N） deposition rates （0, 10, and 20 kg N ha-1 year-1 as （NH4）2SO4） on soil N2O and CH4 fluxes. The seasonal and diurnal variations of soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were determined using the static chamber-gas chromatography method during the two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. Soil temperature, moisture and mineral N （NH4＋-N and NO3-N） concentration were simultaneously measured. Results showed that low level of （NH4）2SO4 （10 kg N ha-1 year-1） did not significantly affect soil CH4 and N20 fluxes and other variables. High level of （NH4）2SO4 （20 kg N ha-1 year-1） significantly increased soil NO3-N concentration by 24.1% to 35.6%, decreased soil CH4 uptake by an average of 20.1%, and significantly promoted soil N2O emission by an average of 98.2%. Soil N2O emission responded more strongly to the added N compared to CH4 uptake. However, soil CH4 fluxes were mainly driven by soil moisture, followed by soil NO3--N concentration. Soil N2O fluxes were mainly driven by soil temperature, followed by soil moisture. Soil inorganic N availability was a key integrator of soil CH4 uptake and N2O emission. These results suggest that the changes of availability of inorganic N induced by the increased N deposition in soil may affect the CH4 and N2O fluxes in the cold semi-arid meadow steppe over the short term.

关键词： grassland ecosystems greenhouse gases N deposition rate nitrification denitrification mineral N

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and yield of Chinese Jujube trees in Xinjiang

引用

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第6期10卷 103-114页

作者： Liu Hongguang He Xinlin Li Jing Li Fadong Gong Ping Zhang Jie Yang Guang Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps College of Water Conservancy and Architectural EngineeringShihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Water and fertilizer are the two main factors which promote the rapid growth of Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)*** of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense,dwarfed fruit trees are limited,especially in an extremely arid region with drip *** experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old dwarf jujube planting basement in Hami from 2013 to *** this experiment,root length density and root weight density were calculated and found to range from 75 cm to 275 cm in horizontal distance,and from 0 to 90 cm in vertical depth,treated with three drip irrigation quota gradients and three fertilizer rates with each treatment replicated three *** results showed that,as the amount of nitrogen applied increased gradually,the jujubes’growth amount increased,reaching a maximum when an optimal concentration was ***,the jujubes’growth was inhibited,and the growth declined when the amount of nitrogen applied was more than the optimal *** an appropriate level of nitrogen,the growth,yield and quality of jujube trees could be *** the rate of nitrogen application was lowered,the jujubes’growth would inhibit,and hence the yield wound be seriously *** optimal irrigation quota and fertilization amount were found to be 900 mm and 1500-1800 kg/hm^(2),*** research findings were of significance and hold great promise for the development of the forestry and fruit industries in the arid region of *** the same time,there was a further study on irrigation technique,focusing on the combined effect of the dwarfed-planting technique and drip irrigation on jujube trees;with this information,the application efficiency of water and fertilizer can be optimized,leading to higher profits and economic efficiency.

关键词： water-fertilizer coupling root distribution yield dense dwarf trees Ziziphus jujuba

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Estimation of Daily Vapor Pressure Deficit Using MODIS Potential Evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau

引用

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第5期9卷 538-544页

作者： SHEN Zhenxi SUN Wei LI Shaowei ZHANG Haorui FU Gang YU Chengqun ZHANG Guangyu Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University LinzhiTibet 860000China

Vapor pressure deficit（VPD） is an important parameter in modelling hydrologic cycles and vegetation productivity. Meteorological stations are scarce in remote areas,which often results in imprecise estimations of VPD on the Tibetan Plateau. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS） provides evapotranspiration data,which may offer the possibility of scaling up VPD estimations on the Tibetan Plateau. However,no studies thus far have estimated VPD using MODIS evapotranspiration data on the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore,this study used MODIS potential evapotranspiration（PET） to estimate VPD in alpine meadows,alpine steppes,croplands,forests and shrublands for the year,spring,summer,autumn and winter in 2000-2012. A series of root-meansquared-error（RMSE） and mean-absolute-error（MAE） values were obtained for correlating measured VPD and estimated VPD using MODIS PET data for each listed time period and vegetation type： whole year（0.98-2.15 hPa and 0.68-1.44 hPa）,spring（0.95-2.34 hPa and 0.72-1.54 hPa）,summer（1.39-2.60 hPa and 0.89-1.96 hPa）,autumn（0.78-1.93 hPa and 0.56-1.36 hPa）,winter（0.48-1.40 hPa and 0.36-0.98 hPa）,alpine steppes（0.48- 1.39 hPa and 0.36-1.00 hPa）,alpine meadows（0.58-1.39 hPa and 0.44-0.90 hPa）,croplands（1.10-2.55 hPa and 0.82-1.74 hPa）,shrublands（0.98-1.90 hPa and 0.78-1.37 hPa）,and forests（1.40-2.60 hPa and 0.98-1.96 hPa）,respectively. Therefore,MODIS PET may be used to estimate VPD,and better results may be obtained if future studies incorporate vegetation types and seasons when the VPD data are estimated using MODIS PET on the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： alpine ecosystems MOD16A2 vegetation types seasons

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soil organic carbon contents, aggregate stability,and humic acid composition in different alpine grasslands in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

引用

Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第11期13卷 2015-2027页

作者： CAO Zhi-yuan WANG Yong LI Jie ZHANG Jin-jing HE Nian-peng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Alpine grassland soils on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau store approximately 33.5 Pg of organic carbon(C) at 0–0.75 m depth and play an important role in the global carbon *** investigated soil organic C(SOC),water-soluble organic C(WSOC),easily oxidizable organic C(EOC),humic C fractions,aggregate-associated C,aggregate stability,and humic acid(HA) composition along an east-west transect across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and explored their spatial patterns and controlling *** contents of SOC,WSOC,EOC,humic C fractions and aggregate-associated C,the proportions of macroaggregates(2-0.25) and micro-aggregates(0.25-0.053 mm),and the aggregate stability indices all increased in the order alpine desert < alpine steppe < alpine *** alkyl C,O-alkyl C,and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio of HA increased as alpine desert < alpine meadow < alpine steppe,and the trends were reverse for the aromatic C and HB/HI *** annual precipitation and aboveground biomass weresignificantly correlated with the contents of SOC and its fractions,the proportions of macro- and microaggregates,and the aggregate stability indices along this *** all these C fractions,SOC content and aggregate stability were more closely associated with humic C and silt and clay sized C in comparison with WSOC,EOC,and macro- and microaggregate *** results suggested that alpine meadow soils containing higher SOC exhibited high soil aggregation and aggregate *** annual precipitation should be the main climate factor controlling the spatial patterns of SOC,soil aggregation,and aggregate stability in this *** resistant and stable C fractions rather than labile C fractions are the major determinant of SOC stocks and aggregate stability.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Aggregate stability Humic acid Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance Latitudinal transect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Remote Sensing Indices to Measure the Seasonal Dynamics of Photosynthesis in a Southern China Subtropical Evergreen Forest

引用

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第2期10卷 112-126页

作者： SUN Leigang WANG Shaoqiang Robert A.MICKLER CHEN Jinghua YU Quanzhou QIAN Zhaohui ZHOU Guoyi MENG Ze Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application Institute of Geographical SciencesHebei Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050011China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA School of Environment and Planning Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengShandong 252059China South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern *** more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination(R^2=0.88, p <0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination(R^2=0.13 and R^2=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production(GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency(LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69(p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season(R^2=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as ph

关键词： fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) photochemical reflectance index(PRI) photosynthesis gross primary productivity(GPP) light-use efficiency(LUE) subtropical evergreen forest

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fate of river‐transported carbon in china:implications for carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems

引用

ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第3期3卷 15-27页

作者： Yang Gao Tiantian Yang Yafeng Wang Guirui Yu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697 USA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085 China

Rivers play an important role in carbon(C)exchange between terrestrial and oceanic water bodies and the *** aim of this study was to systematically quantify fluxes in riverine C export and C exchange in the air-sea interface of marine ecosystems in *** show that annual C transport from rivers to coastal ecosystems in China can reach up to 64.35 TgC,which accounts for approximately 4.8%-8.1%of global C transport from river *** the Bohai Sea,particulate inorganic carbon is the main form of C influx,and it can reach up to 20.79 TgC/***,dissolved inorganic carbon is the main form of C influx into the East China Sea,and it can reach up to 10.52 TgC/yr,which is 42.6%of the total annual C imported into the East China ***’s marine ecosystems including the Yellow Sea,the Bohai Sea,the East China Sea,and the South China Sea can absorb 65.06 TgC/yr from the atmosphere.

关键词： air-sea interface carbon flux carbon transport China Seas riverine carbon

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change

引用

NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2019年第9期3卷 1309-1320页

作者： Song, Jian Wan, Shiqiang Piao, Shilong Knapp, Alan K. Classen, Aimee T. Vicca, Sara Ciais, Philippe Hovenden, Mark J. Leuzinger, Sebastian Beier, Claus Kardol, Paul Xia, Jianyang Liu, Qiang Ru, Jingyi Zhou, Zhenxing Luo, Yiqi Guo, Dali Langley, J. Adam Zscheischler, Jakob Dukes, Jeffrey S. Tang, Jianwu Chen, Jiquan Hofmockel, Kirsten S. Kueppers, Lara M. Rustad, Lindsey Liu, Lingli Smith, Melinda D. Templer, Pamela H. Thomas, R. Quinn Norby, Richard J. Phillips, Richard P. Niu, Shuli Fatichi, Simone Wang, Yingping Shao, Pengshuai Han, Hongyan Wang, Dandan Lei, Lingjie Wang, Jiali Li, Xiaona Zhang, Qian Li, Xiaoming Su, Fanglong Liu, Bin Yang, Fan Ma, Gaigai Li, Guoyong Liu, Yanchun Liu, Yinzhan Yang, Zhongling Zhang, Kesheng Miao, Yuan Hu, Mengjun Yan, Chuang Zhang, Ang Zhong, Mingxing Hui, Yan Li, Ying Zheng, Mengmei Hebei Univ Coll Life Sci Baoding Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Life Sci Int Joint Res Lab Global Change Ecol Kaifeng Peoples R China Peking Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Tibetan Plateau Res Key Lab Alpine Ecol Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Excellence Tibetan Earth Sci Beijing Peoples R China Colorado State Univ Dept Biol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Colorado State Univ Grad Degree Program Ecol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Univ Vermont Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources Burlington VT USA Univ Vermont Gund Inst Environm Burlington VT USA Univ Antwerp Dept Biol Ctr Excellence PLECO Plant & Vegetat Ecol Antwerp Belgium Lab Sci Climat & Environm Gif Sur Yvette France Univ Tasmania Sch Nat Sci Biol Sci Hobart Tas Australia Auckland Univ Technol Sch Sci Inst Appl Ecol New Zealand Auckland New Zealand Univ Copenhagen Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management Copenhagen Denmark Swedish Univ Agr Sci Dept Forest Ecol & Management Umea Sweden East China Normal Univ Sch Ecol & Environm Sci Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Processes & Ecorestor Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem Natl Observat Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Res Ctr Global Change & Ecol Forecasting Shanghai Peoples R China No Arizona Univ Dept Biol Sci Ctr Ecosyst Study & Soc Box 5640 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling Ctr Forest Ecosyst Studies & Qianyanzhou Ecol Stn Beijing Peoples R China Villanova Univ Dept Biol Villanova PA 19085 USA ETH Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci Zurich Switzerland Univ Bern Climate & Environm Phys Bern Switzerland Purdue Univ Dept Forestry & Nat Resources W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Dept Biol Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Ecosyst Ctr Marine Biol Lab Woods Hole MA USA Michigan State Univ Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat E Lansing

Direct quantification of terrestrial biosphere responses to global change is crucial for projections of future climate change in Earth system models. Here, we synthesized ecosystem carbon-cycling data from 1,119 experiments performed over the past four decades concerning changes in temperature, precipitation, CO2 and nitrogen across major terrestrial vegetation types of the world. Most experiments manipulated single rather than multiple global change drivers in temperate ecosystems of the USA, Europe and China. The magnitudes of warming and elevated CO2 treatments were consistent with the ranges of future projections, whereas those of precipitation changes and nitrogen inputs often exceeded the projected ranges. Increases in global change drivers consistently accelerated, but decreased precipitation slowed down carbon-cycle processes. Nonlinear (including synergistic and antagonistic) effects among global change drivers were rare. Belowground carbon allocation responded negatively to increased precipitation and nitrogen addition and positively to decreased precipitation and elevated CO2. The sensitivities of carbon variables to multiple global change drivers depended on the background climate and ecosystem condition, suggesting that Earth system models should be evaluated using site-specific conditions for best uses of this large dataset. Together, this synthesis underscores an urgent need to explore the interactions among multiple global change drivers in under-represented regions such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasting future terrestrial carbon-climate feedback.

关键词： Arctic Tundra earth system temperate ecosystem driver circuits Meta-Analysis terrestrial global change Vegetation type

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of the Extreme Climate Events and Their Potential Effects on Crop Yield in Ethiopia

引用

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第3期9卷 290-301页

作者： SONG Shuai LI Fadong LU Yonglong Kifayatullah Khan XUE Jianfang LENG Peifang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences University of Swat Swat 19130 Pakistan

Extreme climate events exhibit an increasing spatio-temporal trend globally, and the increasing intensity and frequency may have severe impacts on the human society and natural ecosystems. This study analyzed the extreme temperature and precipitation variability from 1956 to 2016, and evaluated their potential effects on crop yield in Ethiopia. Relative extreme temperature indices exhibited a decreasing trend with low-temperature events, but a significantly upward trend with extreme high temperature events. The frequency of annual warm nights increased to a greater degree than that of cold days. The total annual wet-day precipitation decreased significantly at a rate of-46 mm/decade. Further, the succession of dry days gradually increased by 5.6 day/decade, while an opposite trend of wet days was found with a decline of 1.4 day/decade. The correlation between annual precipitation and crop production was 0.422, indicating that extreme precipitation indices may have higher explanatory power than extreme temperature indices in the crop yield variations. Moreover, the extreme climate changes have induced significant adverse impacts on crops yield particularly in Ethiopia where no proper adaptation measures have been implemented.

关键词： extreme climate crop yield trend analysis Ethiopia

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Carbon sequestration potential and its eco-service function in the karst area, China

引用

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第8期27卷 967-980页

作者： SONG Xianwei GAO Yang WEN Xuefa GUO Dali YU Guirui HE Nianpeng ZHANG Jinzhong College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The karst critical zone is an essential component of the carbon （C） pool, constituting the global C cycle. It is referred to as one of the ＂residual land sink＂ that remains largely in- determinate. Karst area （2.2×10^7 km^2） comprises 15% of the world＇s land area, and karst area comprises 3.44~106 km^2 of area in China. Due to the complexity of karst structure and its considerable heterogeneity, C sequestration rate estimations contain large inaccuracies, especially in relation to the different methods used in calculations. Therefore, we reevaluated rock weathering-related C sink estimations in China （approximately 4.74 Tg C yr^-1）, which we calibrated from previous studies. Additionally, we stipulated that more comprehensive re- search on rock-soil-biology-atmosphere continuum C migration is essential to better under- stand C conversion mechanisms based on uncertainty analyses of C sink estimations. Moreover, we stressed that a collective confirmation of chemical methods and simulated models through a combined research effort could at least partially eliminate such uncertainty. Furthermore, integrated C cycling research need a long-term observation of the carbon flux of multi-interfaces. The enhanced capacity of ecosystem C and soil C pools remains an effective way of increasing C sink. Karst ecosystem health and security is crucial to human social de- velopment, accordingly, it is critical that we understand thresholds or potential C sink capacities in karst critical zones now and in the future.

关键词： karst karst critical zone carbon sink carbon sequestration rate China

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：