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Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in Inner Mongolian Grasslands: Relationships with Climate and Soil Texture

Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 391-398页

作者： HE Nian-Peng WANG Ruo-Meng ZHANG Yun-Hai CHEN Quan-Sheng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding the spatial variability of soil carbon （C） storage and its relationship with climate and soil texture is critical for developing regional C models and for predicting the potential impact of climate change on soil C storage. On the basis of soil data from a transect across the Inner Mongolian grasslands, we determined the quantitative relationships of C and nitrogen （N） in bulk soil and particle-size fractions （sand, silt, and clay） with climate and soil texture to evaluate the major factors controlling soil C and N storage and to predict the effect of climate changes on soil C and N storage. The contents of C and N in the bulk soil and the different fractions in the 0 20 and 20 40 cm soil layers were positively correlated with the mean annum precipitation （MAP） and negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature （MAT）. The responses of C storage in the soil and particle-size fractions to MAP and MAT were more sensitive in the 0-20 cm than in the 2（~40 cm soil layer. Although MAP and MAT were both important factors influencing soil C storage, the models that include only MAP could well explain the variation in soil C storage in the Inner Mongolian grasslands. Because of the high correlation between MAP and MAT in the region, the models including MAT did not significantly enhance the model precision. Moreover, the contribution of the fine fraction （silt and clay） to the variation in soil C storage was rather small because of the very low fine fraction content in the Inner Mongolian grasslands.

关键词： mean annual precipitation mean annual temperature native grassland particle-size fraction soil organic matter

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Simulating CO_2 flux of three different ecosystems in ChinaFLUX based on artificial neural networks

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 252-261页

作者： HE Honglin, YU Guirui, ZHANG Leiming, SUN Xiaomin & SU Wen key laboratory of ecosystem network observation and modeling, CERN Synthesis Research Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling CERN Synthesis Research Center Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The nonlinearity of the relationship between CO2 flux and other micrometeorological variables flux parameters limits the applicability of carbon flux models to accurately estimate the flux dynamics. However, the need for carbon dioxide (CO2) estimations covering larger areas and the limitations of the point eddy covariance technique to address this requirement necessitates the modeling of CO2 flux from other micrometeorological variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used because of their power to fit highly nonlinear relations between input and output variables without explaining the nature of the phenomena. This paper applied a multilayer perception ANN technique with error back propagation algorithm to simulate CO2 flux on three different ecosystems (forest, grassland and cropland) in ChinaFLUX. Energy flux (net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat and soil heat flux) and temperature (air and soil) and soil moisture were used to train the ANN and predict the CO2 flux. Diurnal half-hourly fluxes data of observations from June to August in 2003 were divided into training, validating and testing. Results of the CO2 flux simulation show that the technique can successfully predict the observed values with R2 value between 0.75 and 0.866. It is also found that the soil moisture could not improve the simulative accuracy without water stress. The analysis of the contribution of input variables in ANN shows that the ANN is not a black box model, it can tell us about the controlling parameters of NEE in different ecosystems and micrometeorological environment. The results indicate the ANN is not only a reliable, efficient technique to estimate regional or global CO2 flux from point measurements and understand the spatiotemporal budget of the CO2 fluxes, but also can identify the relations between the CO2 flux and micrometeorological variables.

关键词： artificial neural network CO2 ChinaFLUX energy flux variables contribution.

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Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Plant Productivity and Soil Carbon, Nitrogen Storage in Alpine Meadows in Northern Tibet, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第4期24卷 488-498页

作者： XIONG Dingpeng SHI Peili SUN Yinliang WU Jianshuang ZHANG Xianzhou Lhasa National Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grazing exclusion is widely adopted in restoring degraded alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, its effectiveness remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of grazing exclusion on plant productivity, species diversity and soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil total nitrogen （STN） storage along a transect spanning from east to west of alpine meadows in northern Tibet, China. After six years of grazing exclusion, plant cover, aboveground biomass （AGB）, belowground biomass （BGB）, SOC and STN were increased, but species diversity indices declined. The enhancement of AGB and SOC caused by grazing exclusion was correlated positively with mean annual precipitation （MAP）. Grazing exclusion led to remarkable biomass increase of sedge species, especially Kobresia pygmaea, whereas decrease of biomass in forbs and no obvious change in grass, leguminous and noxious species. Root biomass was concentrated in the near surface layer （10 cm） after grazing exclusion. The effects of grazing exclusion on SOC storage were confined to shallow soil layer in sites with lower MAP. It is indicated that grazing exclusion is an effective measure to increase forage production and enhance soil carbon sequestration in the studied region. The effect is more efficient in sites with higher precipitation. However, the results revealed a tradeoff between vegetation restoration and ecological biodiversity. Therefore, carbon pools recover more quickly than plant biodiversity in the alpine meadows. We suggest that grazing exclusion should be combined with other measures to reconcile grassland restoration and biodiversitv conservation.

关键词： aboveground biomass belowground biomass soil organic carbon (SOC) soil total nitrogen (STN) biodiversity grazingexclusion precipitation alpine meadow

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Regional coupled C-N-H2O cycle processes and associated driving mechanisms

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第9期63卷 1227-1236页

作者： Yang GAO Gui-Rui YU Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

From a molecular level to an ecosystem scale,different coupling mechanisms take place during coupled carbonnitrogen-water(C-N-H2O)cycle,of which essential are water flux and related biogeochemical processes through physicochemical reactions associated with terrestrial and aquatic ***,regional coupled C-N-H2O cycle will subsequently impact regional gross primary productivity(GPP)and C and N exchanges during air-water interactions that occur downstream of *** study aimed to first synthetically analyze the regional dynamics of C,N and H2O cycles in ecosystems and determine their interactional relationships;second,to specify regional C-N-H2O coupled relationships of ecosystems and their theoretical ecological principles;third,to classify coupled regional response and adaptation of the C-N-H2O cycle to climatic and environmental changes under anthropogenic activities,providing a theoretical basis to fully understand and make adjustments to interactional C,N and H2O cycling relationships at different ecosystem scales and under associated coupling processes.

关键词： Regional C-N-H2O cycle Coupled relationship C cycle N cycle Water cycle Driving mechanisms

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key processes of carbon cycle and sink enhancement paths in natural wetland ecosystems in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2444-2459页

作者： Jinshuai LI Tianxiang HAO Meng YANG Guirui YU Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Wetland ecosystems have become one of the long-term solutions for mitigating global climate change due to their strong carbon sequestration ***,the key carbon cycle processes in wetland ecosystems still lack a systematic *** the context of wetland protection and restoration,there is still a lack of consensus on the technical pathways to realize carbon sink multiplication in wetland *** this paper,the key processes of carbon cycle,such as photosynthetic carbon uptake,microbial carbon decomposition and carbon deposition and burial,are sorted out and summarized in four major wetland types,namely,swamp and peat wetlands,river and riparian wetlands,lake and lakeshore wetlands,and estuarine and coastal *** on the key processes of carbon cycle,three technological pathways for carbon sink multiplication are proposed,including,vegetation carbon sequestration and sink enhancement technology,soil carbon emission reduction technology and carbon deposition and burial *** key technologies under each pathway are further *** the carbon sink effects of the carbon sink technologies in different wetland types are qualitatively ***,wetland protection and restoration methods in corresponding regions are given in the light of the regional characteristics of wetlands in *** will provide a scientific basis for the strategy of doubling the carbon sinks of China′s wetland ecosystems.

关键词： Wetlands Carbon cycle Carbon sinks Technology pathways Conservation and restoration

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Nitrogen storage and allocation in China’s forest ecosystems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第10期63卷 1475-1484页

作者： Li XU Nianpeng HE Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Forests are important parts of terrestrial ecosystems and play a leading role in regional and global nitrogen(N)*** assessment of N storage and allocation in China’s forests is critical to improve the accuracy of regional or global N estimates and to guide policy-makers in the formulation of scientific and effective N management ***,the fore stN storage at national scale remains *** on 4420 forest field-investigated data,we investigated the N storage allocation in China’s forests,explored the spatial patterns and influence *** data included vegetation information on various organs(i.e.,leaf,branch,stem,and root)and soil information at different depths(0-30 cm and 0-100 cm).The total N storage in China’s forest ecosystems was 14.45±8.42 tN hm^–2;0.86±0.51 tN hm^–2(5.95%)in vegetation and 13.59±8.40 tN hm^–2(94.05%)in soil(0–100 cm).The storage and allocation of N varied significantly across various regions and forest *** different ecological regions,N storage varied from 10.34 to 23.11 tN hm^–2,and the allocation ratio of N storage between vegetation and soil(0–100 cm)varied from 0.03 to *** different forest types,the N storage varied from 12.87 to 18.32 tN hm^–2,and the allocation ratio of N storage between vegetation and soil(0–100 cm)varied from 0.03 to *** spatial patterns relative to N storage and allocation in forests were *** was the primary factor influencing the spatial variation in forestN storage,while soil texture was the main factor influencing the spatial variation in N *** first estimates of N storage and allocation ratio in China’s forests are keys for improving the fitting accuracy of regional N cycle models and provide a reference for regional management of forestN.

关键词： Forest Nitrogen cycling Nitrogen storage Allocation Climate Soil nutrient Soil texture

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Provincial anthropogenic emission inventory of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in China from 2015 to 2021

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第05期 923-945页

作者： JIANG Yunhao CHEN Bin WANG Shaoqiang LI Tingyu CHEN Shiliang WANG Lunche WANG Lizhe School of Future Technology China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Monitoring and Spatial Regulation of Land Carbon Sinks Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing China University of Geosciences

Carbonyl sulfide （COS） is an effective tracer for estimating Gross Primary Productivity （GPP） in the carbon *** the largest contribution to the atmosphere,anthropogenic COS emissions must be accurately *** this study,an anthropogenic COS emission inventory from 2015 to 2021 was constructed by applying the bottom-up approach based on activity data from emission ***’s anthropogenic COS emissions increased from approximately 171 to 198 Gg S yr-1from 2015–2021,differing from the trends of other *** an initial decline in COS emissions across sectors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic,a rapid rebound in emissions occurred following the resumption of economic *** 2021,industrial sources,coal combustion,agriculture and vehicle exhaust accounted for 76.8%,12.3%,10.5%and 0.4%of total COS emissions,*** aluminum industry was the primary COS emitter among industrial sources,contributing40.7%of total ***,Shanxi,and Zhejiang were the top three provinces in terms of anthropogenic COS emissions,reaching 39,21 and 17 Gg S yr-1,***-level regions （hereafter province） with high COS emissions are observed mainly in the eastern and coastal regions of China,which,together with the wind direction,helps explain the pattern of high COS concentrations in the Western Pacific Ocean in *** Green Contribution Coefficient of COS (GCCCOS) was used to assess the relationship between GDP and COS emissions,highlighting the disparity between GDP and COS contributions to green *** part of this analysis,relevant recommendations are proposed to address this *** COS emission inventory in our study can be used as input for the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model （STEM）,reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric COS source?sink budget and promoting understanding of the atmosphere sulfur cycle.

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Regional Variation in Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forest ecosystems in China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第3期27卷 337-350页

作者： XU Li WEN Ding ZHU Jianxing HE Nianpeng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beo'ing 10049China

Enhancing forest carbon(C) storage is recognized as one of the most economic and green approaches to offsetting anthropogenic CO_2 emissions. However, experimental evidence for C sequestration potential(C_(sp)) in China's forest ecosystems and its spatial patterns remain unclear, although a deep understanding is essential for policy-makers making decisions on reforestation. Here, we surveyed the literature from 2004 to 2014 to obtain C density data on forest ecosystems in China and used mature forests as a reference to explore C_(sp). The results showed that the C densities of vegetation and soil(0–100 cm) in China's forest ecosystems were about 69.23 Mg C/ha and 116.52 Mg C/ha, respectively. In mature forests, the C_(sp) of vegetation and soil are expected to increase to 129.26 Mg C/ha(87.1%) and 154.39 Mg C/ha(32.4%) in the coming decades, respectively. Moreover, the potential increase of C storage in vegetation(10.81 Pg C) is estimated at approximately twice that of soil(5.01 Pg C). Higher C_(sp) may occur in the subtropical humid regions and policy-makers should pay particular attention to the development of new reforestation strategies for these areas. In addition to soil nutrients and environment, climate was an important factor influencing the spatial patterns of C density in forest ecosystems in China. Interestingly, climate influenced the spatial patterns of vegetation and soil C density via different routes, having a positive effect on vegetation C density and a negative effect on soil C density. This estimation of the potential for increasing forest C storage provided new insights into the vital roles of China's forest ecosystems in future C sequestration. More importantly, our findings emphasize that climate constraints on forest C sequestration should be considered in reforestation strategies in China because the effects of climate were the opposite for spatial patterns of C density in vegetation and *** forest carbon(C) storage is recognized

关键词： carbon density forest reforestation storage sequestration potential

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Responses of soil greenhouse gas fluxes to land management in forests and grasslands: A global meta-analysis

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 967卷 178773页

作者： Liu, Huanhuan Miao, Yuqi Chen, Yu Shen, Yifan You, Yongfa Wang, Zhuonan Gang, Chengcheng College of Grassland Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling China School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States

Land management practices significantly influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite individual measurements of the impacts of forest and grassland ecosystem management practices (FGEM) on GHG emissions, a comprehensive global-scale synthesis and comparison remain absent. In this study, a global meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the responses of three key soil GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), to various FGEM, including forest burning (FB) and thinning (FT), grassland grazing (GG), fencing (GF), and mowing (GM) based on 1643 observations from 317 individual studies. Moderator factors and the underlying mechanisms driving these responses were also explored. Results revealed that in managed forests, FB significantly reduced soil CO2 and N2O emissions, while FT decreased soil CH4 uptake capacity without affecting CO2 and N2O emissions. In managed grasslands, GG reduced soil CO2 emission, while GF increased it;both had neutral impacts on soil CH4 and N2O fluxes. GM did not affect GHG fluxes. Overall, forest management decreased soil CO2 emission and CH4 uptake capacity, whereas grassland management had a neutral effect on soil GHG fluxes. Temporal analysis revealed diminishing effects of FGEM on CO2 emissions over the long term. Soil CH4 uptake exhibited divergent responses over time, and soil N2O emissions remained relatively constant. Compared to managed grassland, soil GHG fluxes in managed forests were more sensitive to aridity conditions, with forest management generally restraining soil CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake in humid regions. Meta-regression analysis highlighted carbon content, soil temperature, and soil moisture as primary drives of changes in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, while soil N2O fluxes were more susceptible to soil organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen. The dependence of soil GHG fluxes on climate zones and management duration should be integrated into Earth system models for mo

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Growth, Water Use Characteristics and Yield of Cotton in Arid Northwest China

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Pedosphere 2015年第6期25卷 910-924页

作者： YANG Chuanjie LUO Yi SUN Lin WU Na Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Water shortage is a key constraint to sustainable agricultural production in Xinjiang, Northwest China. To enhance the use efficiency of valuable irrigation water resources, a 2-year experiment(2010–2011) was conducted to quantify the response of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and yield to different degrees of deficit irrigation(DI) regimes; to determine the effects of DI on the characteristics of water use for cotton, seasonal water use, available soil water in the root zone, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration(ET)-based water use efficiency and irrigation-based water use efficiency, and to determine the best DI regime for optimal water-saving and yield output. The plots were irrigated at 100%(100ET), 85%(85ET), 70%(70ET), 55%(55ET) and 45%(45ET) of the regional ET of cotton in northern Xinjiang. The effect of DI irrigation on water use characteristics was evaluated by analyzing available soil water and soil water depletion in the root zone along with water use efficiencies of cotton. The study showed that the growth, water use characteristics and yield of cotton varied with irrigation regime. Seasonal ET and seed cotton yield were linearly correlated with irrigation amount. The second-order polynomial equation best approximated water-yield relationship of cotton in the study *** yield response factor was 0.65, suggesting limited water conditions were suitable for cotton cultivation. Economic evaluation of DI treatments confirmed that the yield loss was less than 10% under 70 ET and 85 ET, which was acceptable for greater *** results suggested that proper DI schemes were necessary for sustainable cotton production in the region. While irrigation at 85 ET was safe for high cotton yield, irrigation at 70 ET was a viable alternative under limited irrigation water availability.

关键词： available soil water evapotranspiration soil water dynamics water use efficiencies water-yield relationship

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