检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Nitrogen pollution and source identification of urban ecosystem surface water in Beijing

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 106-116页

作者： Yufen REN Zhiwei XU Xinyu ZHANG Xiaoke WANG Xiaomin SUN D. J. BALLANTINE Shengzhong WANG State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northeast Normal University Changchtm 130024 China National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Hamilton 3216 New Zealand

Nitrogen contamination of surface water is a worldwide environmental problem with intensive agricul- ture and high population densities. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variation in concentrations of total nitrogen and different nitrogen species present in surface-water in Beijing, China. Also, chemical （NO3-N/C1-） and isotopic （615Nnitrate） indicators were used to identify nitrate sources. The results showed that, during 2009 and 2010, nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 mg· L^-1, ammonium nitrogen from 0. I to 3.4 mg· L^-1, and total nitrogen from 2.4 to 17.0mg· L^-1. Inorganic nitrogen accounted for between 60 and 100% of total nitrogen at the ten monitoring sites. Nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations at the 2 downstream monitoring sites in south-eastern Beijing were significantly higher than those at the other eight upstream monitoring sites （P 〈 0.01）. Examination of seasonal variation showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between nitrate nitrogen concentrations and precipitation, and that nitrate nitrogen concentrations peaked in the dry seasons. The information given by the 15Nnitrate values and nitrate nitrogen concentrations, combined with the NO3-N/C1- ratio distribution, showed that domestic sewage was the major source of nitrate in Beijing. Methods to control and reduce sewage pollution are urgently needed to help manage surface water quality in Beijing.

关键词： nitrogen concentration spatial and seasonalvariation stable nitrogen isotope urban ecosystem source

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Soil Microbial Responses to Experimental Warming and Nitrogen Addition in a Temperate Steppe of Northern China

引用

Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 427-436页

作者： SHEN Rui-Chang XU Ming CHI Yong-Gang YU Shen WAN Shi-Qiang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis Department of EcologyEvolution and Natural ResourcesRutgers University14College Farm RoadNew Brunswick NJ 08901(USA) Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology College of Life SciencesHenan University

The responses of soil microbes to global warming and nitrogen enrichment can profoundly affect terrestrial ecosystem functions and the ecosystem feedbacks to climate ***,the interactive effect of warming and nitrogen enrichment on soil microbial community is *** this study,individual and interactive effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on the soil microbial community were investigated in a long-term field experiment in a temperate steppe of northern *** field experiment started in 2006 and soils were sampled in 2010 and analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids to characterize the soil microbial *** soil chemical properties were also ***-year experimental warming significantly increased soil total microbial biomass and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in the ***-term nitrogen addition decreased soil microbial biomass at the 0-10 cm soil depth and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the *** interactive effect on soil microbes was detected when experimental warming and nitrogen addition were *** microbial biomass positively correlated with soil total C and N,but basically did not relate to the soil C/N ratio and *** results suggest that future global warming or nitrogen enrichment may significantly change the soil microbial communities in the temperate steppes in northern China.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi global warming Gram-negative bacteria nitrogen enrichment microbial biomass microbial community

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Diurnal variation of ozone flux over corn field in Northwestern Shandong Plain of China

引用

Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第2期57卷 503-511页

作者： ZHU ZhiLin SUN XiaoMin DONG YunShe ZHAO FengHua Franz X MEIXNER Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Environmental Geography and Human Health Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Biogeochemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry

High concentration ground-level ozone(O3)has adverse effects on plant growth and *** to the O3concentration-based index,the O3flux-based(especially stomatal O3uptake)index has been considered the better criterion for assessing the impact of ozone on vegetation and *** paper reports on a study of O3flux using the eddy covariance technique over a corn field in the Northwestern Shandong Plain of *** variation of atmospheric O3concentration,deposition velocity and flux,and their relationships to environmental factors are *** results show that:(1)During the observation period(9 August–28 September,2011),there was a strong diurnal variation of O3concentration,with low(16.5 nL L?1)and high(60.1 nL L?1)O3mean concentrations observed around 6:30 and 16:00,*** O3concentrations during daytime(6:00–18:00)and nighttime(18:00–6:00)were 39.8±23.1 and 20.7±14.1 nL L?1(mean±std),*** maximum observed concentration was 97.5 nL L?*** concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and air temperature.(2)Whether daytime or nighttime,ground-level O3flux is always *** diurnal course of mean deposition velocity was divided into 4 phases:a low and stable process during nighttime,fast increasing in early morning,relatively large and steady changes around noon,and quickly decreasing in later *** and nighttime mean deposition velocities were 0.29 and 0.09 cm s?1,*** maximum deposition velocity was 0.81 cm s?*** magnitude of deposition velocity was influenced by the corn growth period,and its diurnal variation was significantly correlated with global radiation and relative humidity.(3)O3flux was affected by variations of both O3concentration and deposition velocity,with mean O3fluxes-317.7 and?70.2 ng m?2s?1during daytime and nighttime,*** was strong correlation between O3flux and CO2flux or latent heat *** comparing the deposition velocities of daytime a

关键词： ozone flux deposition velocity ozone concentration eddy covariance cropland ecosystem Northwestern Shandong Plain

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Impact of water diversion on the hydrogeochemical characterization of surface water and groundwater in the Yellow River Delta

引用

APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY 2014年 48卷 83-92页

作者： Liu, Qiang Li, Fadong Zhang, Qiuying Li, Jing Zhang, Yan Tu, Chun Ouyang, Zhu Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Ecosystem Network Observat & Modeling Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Agr Resources Res IGDB Shijiazhuang 050021 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The Yellow River Delta is undergoing severe ecosystem degradation through salinization caused mainly by seawater intrusion. The Yellow River diversion project, in operation since 2008, aims to mitigate a projected ecosystem disaster. We conducted field investigations across three ecosystems (Farmland, Wetland and Coast) in the delta to assess the effectiveness of the annual water pulse and determine the relationships between surface water and groundwater. The chemical characteristics of the groundwater in Farmland exclude the possibility of seawater intrusion. The Wetland is vulnerable to pollution by groundwater discharge from Farmland and to secondary salinization caused by rising water tables. The salinity values of groundwater at Coast sites likely reflect the presence of seawater trapped in the clay sediments, a premise corroborated through measurements of groundwater levels, stable isotopes and major ion signatures. Our delta D-delta O-18 two-dimensional graphic plot demonstrated that groundwaters of Farmland and Wetland changed toward more depleted isotopic compositions following water diversion, but this was not the case in the Coast sites, where the water table varied little year-round. A hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D) demonstrated that freshening is taking place in the largest portions of the aquifers and that, without sustained water diversion recharge, these underground water bodies may switch from freshening to salinization on a seasonal time scale. Thus, the qualities of waters in coastal aquifers in the Yellow River Delta are substantially influenced by the process of ecological water diversion, and also by land use practices and by the lithological properties of the drainage landscape. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： WATER diversion WATER chemistry GROUNDWATER WATER salinization AQUIFERS

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Author Correction: Crowther et al. reply

引用

Nature 2018年第7716期560卷 E1页

作者： T W Crowther M B Machmuller J C Carey S D Allison J M Blair S D Bridgham A J Burton F A Dijkstra B Elberling M Estiarte K S Larsen H Laudon M Lupascu S Marhan J Mohan S Niu J J Peñuelas I K Schmidt P H Templer G Kröel-Dulay S Frey M A Bradford Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich Universitätstrasse 16 8006 Zürich Switzerland. thomas.crowther11@***. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory 1 499 Campus Delivery Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1499 USA. Division of Math and Science Babson College Massachusetts 02457 USA. Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA. Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA. Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA. School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA. Centre for Carbon Water & Food The University of Sydney Camden 2570 New South Wales Australia. Center for Permafrost (CENPERM) Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Øster Voldgade 10 1350 Copenhagen K. Denmark. CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain. CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain. Department of Geosciences & Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 23 1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark. Department of Forest Ecology & Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 90183 Umeå Sweden. Department of Geography National University of Singapore 1 Arts Link 117570 Singapore Singapore. Institute of Soil Science & Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim 70593 Stuttgart Germany. Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30601 USA. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation & Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China. Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA. Institute of Ecology & Botany MTA Centre for Ecolog

In this Brief Communications Arising Reply, the affiliation for author P. H. Templer was incorrectly listed as 'Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA' instead of 'Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA'. This has been corrected online.

关键词：

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Litter mixing significantly affects decomposition in the Hulun Buir meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

引用

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 59-67页

作者： Caihong Zhang Shenggong Li Leiming Zhang Xiaoping Xin Xingren Liu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesDatun Road 11AChaoyangBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Aims We explored the decomposition rates of single-and mixed-species litter,the litter-mixing effect and the effect of component litters in a mixture on *** In a litter bag experiment,shoot litters from two dominant grasses(Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis)and one legume(Melissitus ruthenica)were decomposed separately and as a mixture from May 2010 to September 2011 in the Hulun Buir meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia,*** separated the litter mixture into its individual component litters(*** different single-species litters)and analyzed the changes in litter mass remaining and litter nitrogen(N)remaining during single-and mixed-species litter *** Findings(i)Litter mixing had significant positive effects on litter *** litter-mixing effect was strongest for the mixture of *** and *** litters,followed by the mixture of *** and *** litters.(ii)Single-species component litters decomposed faster in the mixtures than separately(positive effect),but these effects were not significant for legume species *** *** to single-species litter decomposition,the decomposition rates of the two grass(*** and ***)litters significantly increased when they were mixed with each other or with *** litter.(iii)For each species litter type,the percentage of litter N remaining during decomposition(NR)differed between the single-species litter and mixed litter *** NR of *** litter was higher when it was decomposed in the mixture than in ***,the NR of *** litter was lowest in its mixture with *** among the *** of its decomposition in the mixture or in isolation,the NR of *** litter varied little among *** was a significant positive relationship between the NR and percentage of initial litter mass remaining in both the single litter and mixed litter ***

关键词： non-additive effect interaction strength single litter mixed litter nutrient concentration

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Response of ecosystem Respiration to Experimental Warming and Clipping at Daily Time Scale in an Alpine Meadow of Tibet

引用

Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第3期10卷 455-463页

作者： FU Gang SHEN Zhen-xi ZHANG Xian-zhou YU Cheng-qun ZHOU Yu-ting LI Yun-long YANG Peng-wan Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The alpine meadow, as one of the typical vegetation types on the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most sensitive terrestrial ecosystems to climate warming. However, how climate warming affects the carbon cycling of the alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau is not very dear. A field experiment under controlled experimental warming and clipping conditions was conducted in an alpine meadow on the Northern Tibetan Plateau since July 2008. Open top chambers （0TCs） were used to simulate climate warming. The main objective of this study was to examine the responses of ecosystem respiration （Reco） and its temperature sensitivity to experimental warming and clipping at daily time scale. Therefore, we measured Reco once or twice a month from July to September in 2010, from June to September in 2011 and from August to September in 2012. Air temperature dominated daily variation of Reco whether or not experimental warming and clipping were present. Air temperature was exponentially correlated with Reco and it could significantly explain 58-96% variation of Redo at daily time scale. Experimental warming and clipping decreased daily mean Reco by 5.8-37.7% and -11.9-23.0%, respectively, although not all these changes were significant. Experimental warming tended to decrease the temperature sensitivity of Reco, whereas clipping tended to increase the temperature sensitivity of Reco at daily time scale. Our findings suggest that Reco wasmainly controlled by air temperature and may acclimate to climate warming due to its lower temperature sensitivity under experimental warming at daily time scale.

关键词： Acclimation Air temperature Open topchamber Temperature sensitivity Respirationquotient （ Q10）

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sources of organic carbon supporting the dry-season food web of a sublake in wetlands of Poyang Lake

Sources of organic carbon supporting the dry-season food web...

引用

“全球变化下的海洋与湖沼生态安全”学术交流会

作者： Huan ZHANG Yuyu WANG Shaoxia XIA Bin CHEN Xiubo YUA Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Benthic food web in lakes is generally supported by autochthonous primary production, and by terrestrial detritus derived from the surrounding catchment. Several studies have highlighted the importance of allochthonous input, but the effects of subsidy of that carbon source are not well understood in floodplain lakes of wetland, especially when thousands of herbivorous migrated waterfowl winter in that area and the water level is deceding. With stable isotope signatures(δ13C and δ15N) of four primary food sources and aquatic consumers, we used SIAR model to identify the relative importance of different production sources supporting the macroinvertebrate food web in a floodplain sublake of wetlands in Lake Poyang during the late dry season. Our data showed that Carex spp. was the predominant primary food source, potentially contributing 35%3% organic carbon to the biomass of aquatic consumers in the sublake of wetlands, although its C:N ratio was much lower than other sources. For most of macroinvertebrate species, phytoplankton, and possibly particulate organic matter in the seston, were the other major carbon sources that they utilized. However, we did not find benthic algae or Vallisneria natans as thought to be important food sources for benthic primary consumers due to their low biomass during the cold and low water period. Our findings underpin the importance of allochthonous carbon sources, and further provide a view that migratory waterfowl may facilitate those subsidize which can support the biomass and productivity of consumer taxa in wetlands of Lake Poyang when availability of food sources is limited.

关键词： allochthonous Carex spp. macroinvertebrates wetland stable isotope

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Field and Numerical Tests of the Two-Ponding Depth Procedure for Analysis of Single-Ring Pressure Infiltrometer Data

引用

Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 779-789页

作者： V.BAGARELLO M.IOVINO LAI Jian-Bin Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro-Ambientali Universita degli Studi di PalermoViale delle Scienze Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The two-ponding depth （TPD） analysis procedure of single-ring infiltrometer data can yield invalid results, i.e., negative values of the field-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity or the matric flux potential, denoting failure of the two-level run. The objective of this study was to test the performance of the TPD procedure in analyzing the single-ring infiltrometer data of different types of soils. A field investigation carried out in western Sici]y, Italy, yielded higher failure rates （40%） in two clay loam soils than in a sandy loam soil （25%）. A similar result, i.e., fine-textured soils yielding higher failure rates than the coarse-textured one, was obtained using numerically simulated infiltration rates. Soil heterogeneity and reading errors were suggested to be factors determining invalid results in the field. With the numerical data, allowing a less generic definition of soil heterogeneity, invalid TPD results were occasionally obtained with the simultaneous occurrence of a high random variation （standard deviation ≥ 0.5） and a well developed structural correlation for saturated hydraulic conductivity （correlation length 〉 20 cm）. It was concluded that a larger number of replicated runs should be planned to characterize fine-textured soils, where the risk to obtain invalid results is relatively high. Large rings should be used since they appeared more appropriate than the small ones to capture and average soil heterogeneity. Numerical simulation appeared suitable for developing improved strategies of soil characterization for an area of interest, which should also take into account macropore effects.

关键词： field-saturated hydraulic conductivity infiltration rate numerical simulation soil heterogeneity soil texture

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

State of the Climate in 2016

引用

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017年第8期98卷 S1-S277页

作者： Arndt, D. S. Blunden, J. Dunn, R. J. H. Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Abdallah, A. Ackerman, Steven A. Adler, Robert Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Richard P. Allan, Rob Alvarez, Luis A. Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arce, Dayana Argueez, Anthony Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Augustine, John Awatif, E. M. Azorin-Molina, Cesar Baez, Julian Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Beck, H. E. Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. H. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, Maria L. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Biskaborn, B. Bissolli, Peter Bjerke, J. Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne Box, J. E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Brimelow, Julian Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Buehler, S. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderon, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Caroff, P. Carrea, Laura Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Cheng, Ming-Dean Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E. -S. Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. S. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cross, J. N. Crouch, Jake Cutie, Virgen Davis, Sean M. de Eyto, Elvira de Jeu, Richard A. M. de Laat, Jos DeGasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Di Girolamo, Larry Diamond, Howard J. Dindyal, S. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Drozdov, D. S. Dunn, Robert J. H. Duran-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. ElKharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Epstein, H. E. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-LeBlanc, Sheryl Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S. Fateh, S. Fausto, R. S. Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, X. Fioletov, Vitali E. Flannigan, Mike Flemming, Johannes Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Forbes, B. C. Foster, Michael J. Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, R NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat Asheville NC 28801 USA Met Off Hadley Ctr Exeter Devon England Trinidad & Tobago Meteorol Serv Piarco Trinidad Tobago Agence Natl Aviat Civile & Meteorol Moroni Comoros Univ Wisconsin CIMSS Madison WI USA Univ Maryland College Pk MD USA Univ Costa Rica Ctr Geophys Res San Jose Costa Rica Univ Costa Rica Sch Phys San Jose Costa Rica Univ Reading Reading Berks England Inst Hidrol Meteorol & Estudios Ambientales Colom Bogota Colombia Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais Ctr Ciencias Sistema Terrestre Sao Paulo Brazil Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate Sect Glaciers Ice & Snow Oslo Norway Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat Obninsk Russia NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab Boulder CO USA Egyptian Meteorol Author Cairo Numer Weather Predict Dept Seasonal Forecast & Climate Res Cairo Egypt Univ Gothenburg Dept Earth Sci Reg Climate Grp Gothenburg Sweden Direcc Meteorol & Hidrol DINAC Asuncion Paraguay Islamic Republ Iran Meteorol Org Tehran Iran Univ Austral Chile Inst Conservac Biodiversidad & Terr Valdivia Chile Ctr Climate & Resilience Res Santiago Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso Inst Geog Valparaiso Chile NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab Miami FL 33149 USA Argentine Naval Hydrog Serv Buenos Aires DF Argentina NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr College Pk MD USA Princeton Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Princeton NJ 08536 USA Deutsch Wetterdienst Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr Offenbach Germany NASA Langley Res Ctr Hampton VA USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR USA Seychelles Natl Meteorol Serv Pointe Larue Mahe Seychelles European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reading Berks England Biospher Instruments San Diego CA USA Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton Hants England Univ Buenos Aires Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ Alaska Fairbanks Geophys Inst Fairbanks AK USA Inst Uruguayo Meteorol Montevideo Uruguay Alfred Wegener

In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 av

关键词： GREENHOUSE gases GLOBAL warming WEATHER forecasting WATER temperature LAND surface temperature EL Nino Current

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：