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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Chunpei Fan, Maopan Wang, Xuan Li, Xue Zhao, Guang Liu, Gangcai Zhao, Jixia College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming650000 China Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Water Conservancy Chengdu610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Rock weathering is considered to be the crucial stage in the development of landforms and the transformation from bedrock to soil. Previous studies have concentrated on the effects of physical and chemical weathering on the soil formation process of purple mudstone. However, the role of bacteria in the fine particle-forming process of purple mudstone under nitrogen fertilization is unclear. Nitrogen fertilizer addition significantly affects the growth of bacteria, and bacteria play a crucial role during the weathering of rock. Here, the fragments (0.25 mm to 1 mm) of purple mudstone from Penglai Group (J3p) as test material and two nitrogen fertilizer types (urea and ammonium bicarbonate), three nitrogen fertilizer levels (280 N kg∙ha-1, 560 N kg∙ha-1, and 840 N kg∙ha-1), and no fertilizer application treatment (CK) were designed in the incubation experiment. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the characteristics of the bacterial community structure of the purple mudstone were investigated after 120 days of incubation experiments to explore the importance of bacteria in the fine particle-forming process of J3p purple mudstone fragments under nitrogen fertilizer application. Nitrogen fertilizer application considerably enhanced the CIA of J3p purple mudstone fragments compared with CK treatment. The CIA of J3p purple mudstone fragments with ammonium bicarbonate treatment was greater than that with urea treatment by 2.06% to 3.45% and displayed a decreasing trend with the nitrogen fertilizer application level. The diversity of the bacterial community was significantly altered by nitrogen fertilizer application, and the effect of the nitrogen fertilizer application level on the diversity of the bacterial community was greater than that of the nitrogen fertilizer application type. The stepwise regression analysis indicated that Nitrolancea (p © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urea

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Aridity modulates grassland biomass responses to combined drought and nutrient addition

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Nature Ecology and Evolution 2025年 1-10页

作者： Bondaruk, V.F. Xu, C. Wilfahrt, P. Yahdjian, L. Yu, Q. Borer, E.T. Jentsch, A. Seabloom, E.W. Smith, M.D. Alberti, J. Oñatibia, G.R. Dieguez, H. Carbognani, M. Kübert, A. Power, S.A. Eisenhauer, N. Isbell, F. Auge, H. Chandregowda, M.H. Churchill, A.C. Daleo, P. Forte, T. Greenville, A.C. Koerner, S.E. Ohlert, T. Peri, P. Petraglia, A. Salesa, D. Tedder, M. Valdecantos, A. Verhoeven, E. Wardle, G.M. Werner, C. Wheeler, G.R. An, H. Biancari, L. Diao, H.J. Gutknecht, J. Han, L.B. Ke, Y.G. Liu, J.L. Maziko, Y. Tian, D.S. Tissue, D. Wanke, S. Wei, C.Z. Wilkins, K. Wu, H.H. Young, A.L. Zhang, F.W. Zhang, B. Zhu, J.T. Zong, N. Zuo, X.A. Hautier, Y. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente Cátedra de Ecología Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN United States School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO United States Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) UNMDP – CONICET Mar del Plata Argentina Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Parma Italy Ecosystem Physiology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz-Centre for Envi

Plant biomass tends to increase under nutrient addition and decrease under drought. Biotic and abiotic factors influence responses to both, making the combined impact of nutrient addition and drought difficult to predict. Using a globally distributed network of manipulative field experiments, we assessed grassland aboveground biomass response to both drought and increased nutrient availability at 26 sites across nine countries. Overall, drought reduced biomass by 19% and nutrient addition increased it by 24%, resulting in no net impact under combined drought and nutrient addition. Among the plant functional groups, only graminoids responded positively to nutrients during drought. However, these general responses depended on local conditions, especially aridity. Nutrient effects were stronger in arid grasslands and weaker in humid regions and nitrogen-rich soils, although nutrient addition alleviated drought effects the most in subhumid sites. Biomass responses were weaker with higher precipitation variability. Biomass increased more with increased nutrient availability and declined more with drought at high-diversity sites than at low-diversity sites. Our findings highlight the importance of local abiotic and biotic conditions in predicting grassland responses to anthropogenic nutrient and climate changes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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How will climate change affect the sources of global irrigation water withdrawal?

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Science Bulletin 2024年第21期69卷 3361-3364页

作者： Zhipin Ai Xin Zhao Julien Boulange Fadong Li Rashid Mahmood Qiuying Zhang Yonghui Yang Jun Xia Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Earth System Division National Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukuba 305-8506Japan United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183-8509Japan Water Engineering and Management Asian Institute of TechnologyPathumthani 12120Thailand Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Irrigation plays a vital role in global food production,contributing approximately 40%of the total production[1],although the contribution varies by crop type[2,3].However,irrigation water withdrawal constitutes 65%–70%of total global anthropogenic water withdrawal[4,5],making it the largest water-use sector *** irrigation water demand,sources,and availability,particularly in the context of climate change,is crucial for identifying potential threats to crop production and ensuring future global food *** studies have focused extensively on the impacts of climate change on irrigation water demand and withdrawal[6–9];however,it remains unclear how climate change will affect the sources of irrigation water withdrawal.

关键词： irrigation withdrawal sources

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Rainfall pulse response of carbon exchange to the timing of natural intra-annual rainfall in a temperate grass ecosystem

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ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2020年 118卷 106730-106730页

作者： Hao, Guangcun Hu, Zhongmin Di, Kai Li, Shenggong South China Normal Univ Sch Geog Guangzhou 510631 Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai 519082 Peoples R China Guang Dong Res Ctr Smart Homeland Engn Guangzhou 510631 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling Synth Res Ctr Chinese Ecosystem Res Network Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Resources & Environm Beijing Peoples R China

Rainfall pulses play a key role in dominating the ecosystem carbon balance in arid and semiarid regions. In the future, the intensity and frequency of rainfall events will be significantly altered. Therefore, discussing the response of the carbon balance to rainfall pulses is extremely important for predicting the effect of global change on the carbon cycle. In grasslands, previous studies have documented that there is a threshold of rainfall size, above which net ecosystem exchange (NEE) would shift from positive (carbon source) to negative (carbon sink). However, does this threshold exist under altered intra-annual rainfall timing during growing season? To answer this question, we conducted an experiment in a typical grassland ecosystem to detect the relationship between rainfall pulse and carbon balance during the growing seasons from 2012 to 2015. Our studies showed that there was no rainfall threshold for the NEE from carbon source to sink with the change in rainfall timing. In the early growing season, there was a positive relationship (carbon source) between the NEE and rainfall pulses. In the middle growing season, there was a negative relationship (carbon sink) between the NEE and rainfall pulses. Moreover, the response magnitude of the NEE was positively related to the activity duration differences between ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross primary productivity (GPP). This study provided a new perspective on the proximate causes of the effects of rainfall on NEE. The mechanism underlying the response patterns of NEE to rainfall pulses is of critical importance for improving our ability to project future changes in the Earth system.

关键词： Climate change Rainfall pattern Grassland ecosystem carbon balance

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Forest carbon research in Inner Mongolia: current knowledge, opportunity and challenge

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2014年第1期17卷

作者： Li Shuyong Huang Mei Li Shenggong Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Puyang Meteorological Administration Puyang China

Carbon storage in forests in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon budget due to its largest forest coverage and forest growing stock among all the provinces in China. Nevertheless, scientific research on forest carbon is comparatively less as compared with the research on the main ecosystem, steppe in this area. We are still short of knowledge of forest carbon sequestration's rate, mechanism and potential in the area. Now we are conducting a research program aiming at making clear the above scientific issues. So knowing well previous research work and key findings is essential and helpful for our underway study. In this paper we reviewed the current knowledge, opportunity and challenges of forest carbon research in Inner Mongolia. The total carbon storage in forest of this region increased significantly from 0.417Pg carbon in 1949 to 0.719Pg carbon in 2008 with an annual increase of 2.842Tg~5.226Tg carbon and a dramatically increment of carbon storage in shrub. Carbon storage varied with dominant tree species, forest age and forest growth situation with an average forest carbon density of 42.68 t-Chm−2, displaying a downtrend before 1980 and later a slow smooth uptrend. It is suggested that increase in vegetation carbon sequestration potential be achieved through selection of plant species and forest management.

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Calling for Nexus Approach: Introduction of the Flagship Programme on Climate, ecosystems and Livelihoods

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第3期9卷 227-231页

作者： ZHANG Linxiu LIU Jian FU Chao International Ecosystem Management Partnership United Nations Environment Programme Beijing 100101 China Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The United Nations Environment Programme（UN Environment） launched at the end of 2016 a decade-long（2016–2025） flagship programme on Climate, ecosystems and Livelihoods（CEL）, with the aim to assist developing countries in delivering the Sustainable Development Goals（SDGs） and climate targets while protecting their ecosystems and improving the livelihoods of their people. The CEL programme is a major initiative supported by China and other developing countries to promote long-term South-South cooperation, led by the United Nations Environment Programme International ecosystem Management Partnership（UNEP-IEMP）. This article presents the conceptual framework and implementation strategy of the CEL programme, which were proposed through consultations between UN Environment, Chinese and international experts. Within the conceptual framework, the CEL programme will 1） focus its work on the nexus of climate change, ecosystem services and sustainable livelihoods as the primary priority; 2） encourage cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder cooperation, enhance interdisciplinary research, and strive for breakthroughs that cross disciplinary boundaries; 3） provide four types of services and products—monitoring and assessment, capacity building, technology demonstration, and science for policy through mainly South-South cooperation; and 4） have far-reaching impacts on delivering SDGs and climate targets in vulnerable developing countries. The CEL programme is going to be implemented in a strategic way through a set of related projects and initiatives. More particularly, it will 1） focus on fragile ecosystems like drylands, mountains, river basins and coastal zones in Asia, Africa and other key regions along the Belt and Road, in the early stage and expand to include some other regions at a later stage; 2） take a three-phase approach, including Phase I, Kick-off（2016–2018）, Phase II, Development（2019–2021）, and Phase III, Scaling-up（2022–2025）; and 3） draw on the globally relevant kn

关键词： Climate ecosystems and Livelihoods （CEL） nexus approach sustainable development goals（SDGs） South-South cooperation

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Impacts of Salinity on Evaporation and Corresponding Water Balance and Inflow of the Aral Sea

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ma, Xiaoting Huang, Shuangyan Huang, Yue Wang, Xiaolei Luo, Yi State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China Department of Geography Ghent University Ghent9000 Belgium

As the fourth largest lake in the world, the Aral Sea has shrunk by almost 90% area and 95% water volume, along with the increase of salinity. This study aimed to investigate a suitable evaporation model for both fresh water and salt water conditions for the Aral Sea, and combining with water storage changes to obtained the actual inflow of the Aral. Our results showed that the Penman equation was effective in estimating evaporation for fresh and salt water. The salinity effect led to a decrease in evaporation of 0-300 mm/a as salinity increases from about 10 to 300 g/kg. From 2002 to 2020, the Aral Sea experienced a reduction in evaporation of 15 km3, with an average reduction rate of 1km3/a between 2008 and 2020. The area shrank by 91%, and volume decreased by 950 km3 from 1960 to 2020 of the Aral Sea. The loss of water due to evaporation was offset by water storage change (31%), river inflow (44%) and precipitation (15%). The water deficit of the Aral Sea is positively correlated (r > 0.68) with the Syr Darya inflow, weakly correlated (r 0.57) with the evaporation. As the estimated inflow represents the actual inflow into the Aral, which was always lower than the station runoff, implied that there was large amount of water lost between the station and the SAS inlet. We emphasize that the station runoff cannot be directly used in the Aral Sea water balance. Our method can predict the long-term evolution of water salinity in the Aral Sea, estimate corresponding evaporation rates and runoff into the Aral. This study provides new insights for the salt water volume balance, and provide suggestions for the recovery and management of the Aral Sea. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporation

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Effects of Contour Hedgerows on Water Erosion on Sloping Farmland

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zheng, Jiangkun Yan, Junxia Hu, Wangyang Usama, Mazhar Li, Ruixin Qiu, Lingjun Lan, Zhenzhao Jia, Lizhi Jiang, Xiangang Li, Hao Wang, Yong Hou, Guirong National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Forestry Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611130 China Department of Geography Handan College Handan056005 China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China School of Civil Engineering Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611830 China College of Resource Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611130 China

Contour hedgerows are effective in controlling water erosion on sloping farmland. Although their beneficial effects have been generally recognized, further research is still needed to quantify the extent to which hedgerows reduce water erosion. This research conducted a quantitative review based on 102 global papers, including 1647 runoff and 1438 sediment paired datasets, to evaluate the effectiveness of contour hedgerows on RR and sediment reduction. The results showed that contour hedgerows were more effective in sediment reduction (61.0%) than RR (40.3%). RR in the conditions of temperate zone and simulated rainfall, were significantly higher than those in the conditions of tropical zone and natural rainfall, respectively. And sediment reduction in the conditions of herbaceous hedgerows and temperate zone were significantly higher than those in the conditions of woody hedgerows and Tropical zone, respectively. With increasement of slope gradient, hedgerow height, and hedgerow spacing, runoff reduction showed a significant decreasing trend. Whereas a significant increasing for runoff reduction occurred with increasement of hedgerow area proportion and hedgerow relative position. Meanwhile, sediment reduction decreased significantly with increasing hedgerow longitudinal section and hedgerow area proportion. Among all indices, hedgerow relative position and hedgerow spacing were the key factors controlling water erosion which account for 70% contribution. Hedgerow spatial configurations should be heavily considered when controlling water erosion by the method of hedgerows. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Runoff

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中国碳收支:1980~2021年

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 114-124页

作者：夏晓圣任培阳王旭辉刘丹陈修治丹利何斌何洪林居为民梁敏琪陆星劼彭静覃章才夏江周郑博魏静乐旭于贵瑞朴世龙袁文平 School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon CycleSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 510245China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100091China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Synthesis Research Center of China’s Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases,China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon ***,it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and to monitor China's progress toward these *** state-of-the-art datasets and models,this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from energy,industrial processes and product use,and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO_(2)for all of China during *** recognize the differences among various methods of estimating greenhouse emissions,the estimates are compared with China's National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(NGHGIs)for 1994,2005,2010,2012,and *** CO_(2)emissions in China have increased by 7.39 times from 1980 to 12.77 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)in *** benefiting from ecological projects(e.g.,Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project),the land carbon sink in China has reached 1.65 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)averaged through 2010-2021,which is almost 15.81 times that of the carbon sink in the *** average,China's terrestrial ecosystems offset 14.69%±2.49%of anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions through *** provincial-level administrative regions of China,Xizang and Qinghai,have achieved carbon neutrality according to our estimates,but nearly half of the administrative regions of China have terrestrial carbon sink offsets of less than 10%of anthropogenic CO_(2)*** study indicated a high level of consistency between NGHGIs and various datasets used for estimating fossil CO_(2)emissions,but found notable differences for land carbon *** estimates of the terrestrial carbon sinks of NGHGIs urgently need to be verified with process-based models which integrate the comprehensive carbon cycle processes.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Land carbon sink China Carbon neutrality Carbon budget

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Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Evapotranspiration and Its Influencing Factors on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2014

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第2期10卷 213-224页

作者： CUI Mingyue WANG Junbang WANG Shaoqiang YAN Hao LI Yingnian School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100101 China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Wuhan 430074 China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

Evapotranspiration is the key driving factor of the earth’s water cycle, and an important component of surface water and energy balances. Therefore, it also reflects the geothermal regulation function of ecohydrological process. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of important rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The regional water balance is of great significance to regional ecological security. In this study, ARTS, a dualsource remote sensing evapotranspiration model developed on a global scale, is used to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration(ET) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2014, using meteorological data interpolated from observations, as well as FPAR and LAI data obtained by satellite remote sensing. The characteristics of seasonal. interannual and dynamic changes of evapotranspiration were analyzed. The rates at which meteorological factors contribute to evapotranspiration are calculated by sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis,and the dominant factors affecting the change of evapotranspiration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are *** results show that:(1) The estimated values can explain more than 80% of the seasonal variation of the observed values(R^2 = 0.80, P < 0.001), which indicates that the model has a high accuracy.(2) The evapotranspiration in the whole year, spring, summer and autumn show significant increasing trends in the past 30 years, but have significant regional differences. Whether in the whole year or in summer, the southern Tibetan Valley shows a significant decreasing trend(more than 20 mm per 10 years), while the Ali, Lhasa Valley and Haibei areas show increasing trends(more than 10 mm per 10 years).(3) Sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis show that the main factor driving the interannual change trend is climate warming, followed by the non-significant increase of precipitation. However, vegetation change also has a considerable impact, and toge

关键词： evapotranspiration Qinghai-Tibet Plateau climatic factors spatial and temporal distribution

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