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Divergent apparent temperature sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystem respiration

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 419-428页

作者： Bing Song Shuli Niu Ruisen Luo Yiqi Luo Jiquan Chen Guirui Yu Janusz Olejnik Georg Wohlfahrt Gerard Kiely Asko Noormets Leonardo Montagnani Alessandro Cescatti Vincenzo Magliulo Beverly Elizabeth Law Magnus Lund Andrej Varlagin Antonio Raschi Matthias Peichl Mats BNilsson Lutz Merbold Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China Department of Botany and Microbiology University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA CGCEO/Geography Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48864USA Meteorology Department Poznan University of Life Sciences(PULS)Poznan 60-667Poland Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes Global Change Research CenterAS CRv.v.i.BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Ecology University of InnsbruckSternwartestr 15Innsbruck 6020Austria Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University College CorkCorkIreland North Carolina State University/USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change ProgramRaleighNC 27606USA Servizi Forestali Agenzia per l’AmbienteProvinciaAutonoma di BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of BolzanoPiazza Università1Bolzano 39100Italy European Commission Joint Research CenterInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityIspraItaly Institute of Forest and Agricultural Mediterranean Ecosystems-CNR ISAFoM Via Patacca85Ercolano(Napoli)Italy College of Forestry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331-2209USA Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvejRoskilde 4000Denmark A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesLenisky pr.33 Moscow119071Russia CNR-Instituto di Biometeorologia(IBIMET) Via Giovanni Caproni 8Firenze 50145Italy Department of Forest Ecology&Management Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeå90183Sweden ETH Zurich Institute for Agricultural Sciences(IAS)Grassland Sciences GroupLFWC55.2Universitätstrasse 2Zurich 8092Switzerland

Aims Recent studies revealed convergent temperature sensitivity of ecosys-tem respiration(Re)within aquatic ecosystems and between terrestrial and aquatic *** do not know yet whether various terres-trial ecosystems have consistent or divergent temperature ***,we synthesized 163 eddy covariance flux sites across the world and examined the global variation of the apparent activation energy(Ea),which characterizes the apparent temperature sensitivity of and its interannual variability(IAV)as well as their controlling *** We used carbon fluxes and meteorological data across FLUXNET sites to calculate mean annual temperature,tempera-ture range,precipitation,global radiation,potential radiation,gross primary productivity and Re by averaging the daily values over the years in each ***,we analyzed the sites with>8 years data to examine the IAV of Ea and calculated the standard deviation of Ea across years at each site to character-ize *** Findings The results showed a widely global variation of Ea,with significantly lower values in the tropical and subtropical areas than in temperate and boreal areas,and significantly higher values in grasslands and wetlands than that in deciduous broadleaf forests and evergreen ***,spatial variations of Ea were explained by changes in temperature and an index of water availability with differing contribution of each explaining variable among climate zones and *** and the corresponding coefficient of variation of Ea decreased with increasing latitude,but increased with radiation and corresponding mean annual *** revealed patterns in the spatial and temporal variations of Ea and its controlling factors indicate divergent temperature sensitivity of Re,which could help to improve our predictive understanding of Re in response to climate change.

关键词： activation energy ecosystem respiration index of water availability interannual variability gross primary productivity

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TEMPORAL UPSCALING OF INSTANTANEOUS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM THE REFERENCE EVAPORATIVE FRACTION METHOD WITH FIXED AND VARIABLE CANOPY RESISTANCES

TEMPORAL UPSCALING OF INSTANTANEOUS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM ...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Ronglin Tang Zhao-Liang Li Xiaomin Sun State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911127

Surface evaopotranspiration (ET) is one of the significant water and energy components in the land and atmosphere system. Remote sensing technology provides opportunity to map surface ET at large heterogeneous area. However, this ET is generally produced at the instantaneous scale. This paper investigated in the constant reference evaporative fraction upscaling method whether the use of a variable canopy resistance in the reference ET estimation from the Penman-Monteith equation could improve the daily ET estimate. Near-surface meteorological variables and eddy covariance system measurements used as the model inputs and ground-truth were collected from late April 2009 to late October 2011 at the Yucheng station in Northern China. Preliminary results showed that it was not an imperative step to use a more complex parameterization of canopy resistance to estimate the reference ET when the constant evaporative fraction method was applied to upscale the instantaneous ET to daily value.

关键词： evapotranspiration reference evaporative fraction method ET upscaling variable resistance variable resistance evapotranspiration Fault trees Canopies ground truth

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Sprinkler-based rainfall simulation experiments to assess nitrogen and phosphorus losses from a hillslope cropland of purple soil in China

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Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology 2013年 1-2卷 40-47页

作者： Chunyan Luo Yang Gao Bo Zhu Tao Wang Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning CAAS Beijing 100081 PR China Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610066 PR China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 PR China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 PR China

Currently, water eutrophication has become a serious environmental pollution problem in China due to large amounts of nutrients input into Chinese rivers every year. In order to better understand the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus transport induced by agricultural non-point pollution, we conducted simulated rainfall experiment on a hilly cropland of purple soil under different levels of rainfall intensity and cropland gradient. The dimensions of the experimental plot are: length × width × depth = 4.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.6 m, wherein cropland gradient can be adjusted. The results showed that the discharge process of surface and subsurface runoff was significantly enhanced with the elevated cropland gradient and simulated rainfall intensity. The total phosphorus (TP) transported by runoff was significantly increased with the elevated cropland gradient and simulated rainfall intensity, and accompanied by irregular fluctuation. The discrepancy of TP transport caused by rainfall intensity and cropland gradient was smaller by subsurface runoff than by surface runoff. The transport concentration of total nitrogen (TN) was higher for the subsurface runoff than for surface runoff. Due to different rainfall intensity and cropland gradient, the discrepancy on TN transport was larger by subsurface runoff than by surface runoff. In current study, TN transport by surface runoff was observed between 3.5 and 5.5 mg/L, but the concentration of TP is close to 100 g P/L under rainstorm events, which is the threshold for P eutrophication. The large nutrients losses for local farmers would be an important non-point pollution source to the Three Gorges Reservoir area that receives runoff from the watershed.

关键词： Non-point source Eutrophication Fertilization Nitrogen Phosphorus

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Cultivated land use change in China, 1999–2007: Policy development perspectives

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第6期22卷 1061-1078页

作者：宋小青欧阳竹李运生李发东 Yucheng Comprehensive Experiment Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cultivated land protection （CLP） entered the new era of macro administration in 1999 in China. This paper presents a holistic analysis of cultivated land use change concerning the three goals of the CLP, i.e., grain security, ecological security and harmonizing regional development. Farmers＇ willingness to grow grain has been the key factor in safeguarding grain security. Grain-for-green policy has contributed to improving ecological state especially in the western provinces. Effects of the land macro-control of the CLP on harmonizing regional development were significant. Moi＇eover, cultivated land use change in 1999-2007 points out the way of the evolving poliey in the future. From the viewpoint of normative concept of multifunctionality, we discuss development of the three land functions, i.e., production function, environmental function and carrier function. Finally, we propose to emphasize multifunctional land management based on regional differences to promote transition of the CLP.

关键词： cultivated land use change protection policy panel data China

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Temporal and spatial variations of stem CO_(2) efflux of three species in subtropical China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第2期5卷 229-237页

作者： Qingpeng Yang Ming Xu Yonggang Chi Yunpu Zheng Ruichang Shen Peixue Li Huitang Dai Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences11ADatun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A YuquanluBeijing 100039China Jigongshan National Nature Reserve Xinyang 464133China

Aims Although stem CO_(2) efflux is critical to ecosystem carbon and energy balance and its feedback to future climate change,little information is available on stem CO_(2) efflux and its responses to temperature,especially in subtropical *** study aims to(i)evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of stem CO_(2) efflux of three species,including oak(Quercus acutissima Carr.),masson pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)and loblolly pine(Pinus taeda Linn.)in subtropical China and(ii)analyze the temperature sensitivity of stem CO_(2) efflux in the three species based on 2-year field *** We measured stem CO_(2) efflux and stem temperature(at 3 cm depth)of the three species using the horizontally oriented soil chamber technique from September 2008 to August *** also conducted a 24-h measurement to examine the diurnal variation of stem CO_(2) efflux in three consecutive days in April *** findings The temporal dynamics of stem CO_(2) efflux followed the change of the stem temperature in a 3-cm depth with a bell-shaped curve in the three *** temperature explained 77–85%of the seasonal variations of stem CO_(2) efflux over the entire study period in the three *** temperature sensitivity(Q_(10))of stem CO_(2) efflux was obviously different among the three species with higher Q10 value found in oak(2.24)and lower values in the coniferous species(1.76 and 1.63).Our results also showed that the Q10 values of stem CO_(2) efflux in all the three species were lower in the growing season than that in the non-growing season,indicating that the growth and maintenance respiration had different temperature ***,we found that the temperature-normalized stem CO_(2) efflux(R_(10))changed greatly between the growing and non-growing seasons in oak and masson pine,but not in loblolly ***,we also found that in the non-growing season,the principal factor responsible for the spatial variation of stem CO_(2) efflux am

关键词： stem respiration apparent temperature sensitivity Q_(10) diurnal and seasonal variation spatial variation

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Effects of Irrigation Schedules on Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North China Plain:from Leaf to Population

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2012年第4期19卷 20-29页

作者： Liu Li-Ping Ouyang Zhu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChineseAcademy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the regulation mechanism of different irrigation schedules on population photosynthetic of winter wheat. The experiment included five irrigation schedules, such as no irrigation （W0）, irrigation once at jointing （W1j） or at booting （W1b）, irrigation twice at jointing and booting （W2）, and irrigation three times at jointing, booting and grain-filling （W3） and three planting densities, such as 180 （D1）, 300 （D2） and 450 （D3） seedlings per square meter. The results indicated that irrigation significantly improved population photosynthesis. The relationship between population photosynthesis and irrigation time/volume was to some extent parabolic. Improvements in population photosynthesis （resulting from more irrigation time/volume） were mainly related to increase in leaf area index and population light interception. Population photosynthesis exhibited a significantly negative correlation with canopy light transmittance. Population photosynthesis at grain filling stage was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis and grain yield. Main effects and partial correlation analysis showed that population photosynthesis of W0, W1j, W1b and W3 were regulated by canopy light transmittance and leaf area. On the other hand, population photosynthesis of W2 was mainly influenced by flag leaf photosynthetic rate. On this basis, planting 300 seedlings per square meter was the optimum combination. The combination of W2D2 increased population photosynthesis during mid-late growth stages and extended high population photosynthesis duration, which ultimately increased grain yield.

关键词： population photosynthesis leaf photosynthesis leaf area index canopy light transmittance dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis grain yield irrigating schedule

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Effects of Permafrost Degradation on Soil Hydrological Processes in Alpine Steppe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2012年第3期10卷 54-61页

作者： Yin Zhifang Ouyang Hua Yang Zhaoping Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Integrated Water and Hazards Management International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD)Kathmandu Nepal

Permafrost degradation is prevalent on the Qinghai-Tibet *** may lead to changes in water and heat transition in soils and thus affect the structure and function of *** this paper,using the measured data of alpine steppe in Wudaoliang assessed the model performance in simulating soil freezing and thawing *** of the simulated results by simultaneous heat and water(SHAW) model to the measured data showed that SHAW model performed *** on analyzing the simulated and predicted results,two points were obtained:(1) freezing and thawing of the active layer proceeded both from the soil surface *** with the freezing process,the thawing process was *** freezing period persisted in the surface layer(4 cm depth) for about 5 months;(2) in the next 50 years,frozen period would be shorten about 20 days in the top 100 cm depth while the thawing would start earlier 40 days than *** water storage in the 0-60 cm would decrease by 22% averagely,especially from June to August when the vegetation is at the dominating water consumed ***,this kind of permafrost degradation as active layer freezing and thawing processes changes will reduce soil water content and thus influence those ecosystems above it.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost degradation SHAW model soil water content

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Land-use impact on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in typical steppe ecosystems, Inner Mongolia

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第5期22卷 859-873页

作者： HE Nianpeng ZHANG Yunhai DAI Jingzhong HAN Xingguo BAOYIN Taogetao YU Guirui Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic: Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany CASBeijing 100093 China Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China Institute of Natural Resources Inner Mongolia University Huhhot 010021 China

To explore the optimal land-use for soil carbon （C） sequestration in Inner Mongolian grasslands, we investigated C and nitrogen （N） storage in soil and soil fractions in 8 floristi- cally and topographically similar sites which subjected to different lancl-use types （free-grazing, grazing exclusion, mowing, winter grazing, and reclamation）. Compared with free-grazing grasslands, C and N storage in the 0-50 cm layer increased by 18.3% （15.5 Mg C ha-1） and 9.3% （0.8 Mg N ha-1） after 10-yr of grazing exclusion, respectively, and 21.9% （18.5 Mg C ha-1） and 11.5% （0.9 Mg N ha-1） after 30-yr grazing exclusion, respectively. Similarly, soil C and N storage increased by 15.3% （12.9 Mg C ha-1） and 10.2% （0.8 Mg N ha-1） after 10-yr mowing, respectively, and 19.2% （16.2 Mg C ha-1） and 7.1% （0.6 Mg N ha-1） after 26-yr mowing, respectively. In contrast, soil C and N storage declined by 10.6% （9.0 Mg C ha-1） and 11.4% （0.9 Mg N ha-1） after 49-yr reclamation, respectively. Moreover, increases in C and N storage mainly occurred in sand and silt fractions in the 0-10 cm soil layer with grazing exclusion and mowing. Our findings provided evidence that Inner Mongolian grassslands have the capacity to sequester C and N in soil with improved management practices, which were in the order： grazing exclusion 〉 mowing 〉 winter grazing 〉 reclamation.

关键词： carbon grazing land-use nitrogen reclamation soil fractions

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Spatial simulation of soil total potassium in regional scale for Loess Plateau Region

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Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 2012年第22期28卷 132-140页

作者： Liu, Zhipeng Shao, Ming'an Wang, Yunqiang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-Land Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

To understand the spatial heterogeneity of soil total potassium in regional scale for Loess Plateau Region and its influencing factors, In the study, a total of 283 sampling sites were investigated in order to estimate the spatial variation of soil total potassium (STK) across the entire Loess Plateau (620, 000 km2). Spatial simulation and classical linear regression were used to quantify the relationships between STK and bulk density, clay and silt content, soil pH, precipitation, temperature, and elevation. The best state-space models explained more than 97% of the STK variation, while the best linear regression model explained less than 26% of the STK variation. The results showed that all the state-space models described the spatial variation of STK much better than that of the corresponding linear regression models. Spatial simulation is recommended as a useful tool for quantifying spatial relationships between soil properties and the other environmental factors in large-scale regions.

关键词： Linear regression

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Erratum to “Seasonal change of non-point source pollution-induced bioavailable phosphorus loss: A case study of Southwestern China”

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Journal of Hydrology 2012年 438-439卷 234-235页

作者： Yang Gao Bo Zhu Tao Wang Yafeng Wang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CAS Chengdu 610041 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences CAS Beijing 100085 China

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