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Tiny noise, big mistakes: adversarial perturbations induce errors in brain–computer interface spellers

National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 78-90页

作者： Xiao Zhang Dongrui Wu Lieyun Ding Hanbin Luo Chin-Teng Lin Tzyy-Ping Jung Ricardo Chavarriaga Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and Technology School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San Diego Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine University of California San Diego ZHAW Data Lab Zürich University of Applied Sciences

An electroencephalogram(EEG)-based brain–computer interface(BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a *** studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e. they can be severely attacked by adversarial perturbations,which are too tiny to be noticed when added to EEG signals, but can mislead the spellers to spell anything the attacker wants. The consequence could range from merely user frustration to severe misdiagnosis in clinical applications. We hope our research can attract more attention to the security of EEG-based BCI spellers, and more broadly, EEG-based BCIs, which has received little attention before.

关键词： electroencephalogram brain-computer interfaces BCI spellers adversarial examples

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Coordinated Guiding Vector Field Design for Ordering-Flexible Multi-Robot Surface Navigation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Bin-Bin Zhang, Hai-Tao Yao, Weijia Sun, Zhiyong Cao, Ming The School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation The Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control The State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The School of Robotics Hunan University Hunan410082 China The Institute of Engineering and Technology University of Groningen Groningen9747 AG Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

We design a distributed coordinated guiding vector field (CGVF) for a group of robots to achieve ordering-flexible motion coordination while maneuvering on a desired two-dimensional (2D) surface. The CGVF is characterized by three terms, i.e., a convergence term to drive the robots to converge to the desired surface, a propagation term to provide a traversing direction for maneuvering on the desired surface, and a coordinated term to achieve the surface motion coordination with an arbitrary ordering of the robotic group. By setting the surface parameters as additional virtual coordinates, the proposed approach eliminates potential singularity of the CGVF and enables both the global convergence to the desired surface and the maneuvering on the surface from all possible initial conditions. The ordering-flexible surface motion coordination is realized by each robot to share with its neighbors only two virtual coordinates, i.e. that of a given target and that of its own, which reduces the communication and computation cost in multi-robot surface navigation. Finally, the effectiveness of the CGVF is substantiated by extensive numerical simulations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Navigation

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Data-driven Sparse Bayesian Learning Discovery of Hysteresis Effects in Electrospinning Processes

Data-driven Sparse Bayesian Learning Discovery of Hysteresis...

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第34届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Hongwei Sun Yasen Wang Yaozhong Zheng Xiang Huang Hai-Tao Zhang School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation and Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlSchool of AutomationHuazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Electrospinning is an efficient and feasible method to fabricate hairline fibers from polymers or ***,the hysteresis nonlinearity among pump flow and jet diameter during electrospinning process strongly hinders the improvement of its *** alleviate this effect,it is an urgent yet challenging mission to discover hysteresis effects in near-field Electrospinning *** this work,a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model is developed for described electrospinning ***,a pure data-driven sparse B ayesian learning(SBL) method is applied to distill the pump flow-jet diameter hysteresis ***,extensive experiments are conducted to verify the discovered effects by the SBL identification method.

关键词： Electrospinning hysteresis nonlinear autoregressive exogenous(NARX) sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)

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Full-Length-Body CBCT Imaging in Upright Position with Robotic-arm System: A Simulation Study

Full-Length-Body CBCT Imaging in Upright Position with Robot...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Tong Lin Tianling Lyu Zhan Wu Yan Xi Wentao Zhu Yang Chen Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing China Research Center of Augmented Intelligence Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Shanghai First-Imaging Tech Shanghai China Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing Southeast University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

Upright position CT scans make it possible for full-length-body imaging at conditions more relevant to daily situations, but the substantial weight of the upright CT scanners increases the risks to floor’s stability and patients’ safety. Robotic-arm CBCT systems are supposed to be a better solution for this task, but such systems still face challenges including long scanning time and low reconstruction quality. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel method to calculate optimal scanning pitch based on data completeness analysis, which can complete the whole-body scan in the shortest time without a significant decline in image quality. Besides, an FDK-style reconstruction method based on normalized projections is proposed to obtain fast image reconstruction. Extensive experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scanning trajectory. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with FDK and iterative algorithms show that the proposed reconstruction method can obtain high imaging quality with reasonable computation costs. The method proposed in this paper is expected to promote the application of robotic-arm CBCT systems in orthopedic functional analysis.

关键词： image quality Computed tomography Reconstruction algorithms Stability analysis Trajectory Safety Iterative methods

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Intra-Guided Dual-Energy Material Decomposition Method for Dual-Source CBCT Systems

Intra-Guided Dual-Energy Material Decomposition Method for D...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Xinyun Zhong Tianling Lyu Zhan Wu Wei Gao Yan Xi Wei Zhao Wentao Zhu Yang Chen Laboratory of Image Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China First-Imaging Tech. Shanghai China Beihang University Beijing China Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Dual-energy CBCT imaging plays a crucial role in advanced imaging applications due to its ability to quantify material components. Although there are multiple established systems for dual-energy imaging, they often come with high deployment costs. This study investigates the feasibility of dual-energy material decomposition on a less expensive dual-source CBCT system. Due to the specific geometry of dual-source CBCT, cone-beam (CB) artifacts seriously degrade the material decomposition quality when the direct inversion method is adopted. In this paper, a novel dual-source intra-guided material decomposition framework is proposed to suppress CB artifacts in the material maps. Firstly, a dual-source two-pass algorithm is developed for artifact pre-correction during image reconstruction. Then, the structure of small cone-angle regions from one X-ray source is utilized to guide cone beam artifact removal in large cone-angle regions from another source. Finally, direct matrix inverse material decomposition is applied to the filtered image. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the authentic human phantom and demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves excellent performance in cone beam artifact reduction compared to other methods, and significantly enhances the quality of the material maps.

关键词： Geometry Head Costs Imaging Phantoms Filtering algorithms Matrix decomposition Engineering in medicine and biology image reconstruction X-ray imaging

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HU-Net: Hessian-incorporated U-Net for CBCT projection-domain metal segmentation with guidance from SAM

HU-Net: Hessian-incorporated U-Net for CBCT projection-domai...

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IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： Chen Jiang Tianling Lyu Gege Ma Yan Xi Yang Chen Wentao Zhu Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study of UCAS Hangzhou China Shanghai First-Imaging Tech. Shanghai China Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University Nanjing China Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing the Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350364194

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364200

Metal artifact is a prevailing factor reducing the image quality of CBCT in minimally invasive spine surgery. In CBCT, conventional metal artifact reduction algorithms pay more attention to the inpainting of the metal traces, but metal segmentation is also challenging. Despite the current success in image segmentation with deep learning, the substantial expense associated with annotating metal traces in the projection domain makes most of these approaches impractical for this task. To address this, we propose a Hessian-incorporated U-Net (HU-Net) for CBCT projection-domain metal segmentation with guidance from SAM. The proposed method has been tested on both digital phantom data and clinical CBCT data. According to the experimental results, our method has demonstrated notable improvement in the segmentation of metal traces across both datasets. This paper presents a feasible approach for metal trace segmentation in the projection domain with deep learning and has the potential to be applied in clinical applications.

关键词： Deep learning image quality image segmentation Minimally invasive surgery Mechatronics Metals Phantoms

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LMM4LMM: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large-multimodal image Generation with LMMs

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Jiarui Duan, Huiyu Zhao, Yu Wang, Juntong Zhai, Guangtao Min, Xiongkuo Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Recent breakthroughs in large multimodal models (LMMs) have significantly advanced both text-to-image (T2I) generation and image-to-text (I2T) interpretation. However, many generated images still suffer from issues related to perceptual quality and text-image alignment. Given the high cost and inefficiency of manual evaluation, an automatic metric that aligns with human preferences is desirable. To this end, we present EvalMi-50K, a comprehensive dataset and benchmark for evaluating large-multimodal image generation, which features (i) comprehensive tasks, encompassing 2,100 extensive prompts across 20 fine-grained task dimensions, and (ii) large-scale human-preference annotations, including 100K mean-opinion scores (MOSs) and 50K question-answering (QA) pairs annotated on 50,400 images generated from 24 T2I models. Based on EvalMi-50K, we propose LMM4LMM, an LMM-based metric for evaluating large multimodal T2I generation from multiple dimensions including perception, text-image correspondence, and task-specific accuracy. Extensive experimental results show that LMM4LMM achieves state-of-the-art performance on EvalMi-50K, and exhibits strong generalization ability on other AI-generated image evaluation benchmark datasets, manifesting the generality of both the EvalMi-50K dataset and LMM4LMM metric. Both EvalMi-50K and LMM4LMM will be released at https://***/IntMeGroup/LMM4LMM. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Skeleton2Humanoid: Animating Simulated Characters for Physically-plausible Motion In-betweening

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yunhao Yu, Zhenbo Zhu, Yucheng Ni, Bingbing Zhai, Guangtao Shen, Wei Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Human motion synthesis is a long-standing problem with various applications in digital twins and the Metaverse. However, modern deep learning based motion synthesis approaches barely consider the physical plausibility of synthesized motions and consequently they usually produce unrealistic human motions. In order to solve this problem, we propose a system "Skeleton2Humanoid" which performs physics-oriented motion correction at test time by regularizing synthesized skeleton motions in a physics simulator. Concretely, our system consists of three sequential stages: (I) test time motion synthesis network adaptation, (II) skeleton to humanoid matching and (III) motion imitation based on reinforcement learning (RL). Stage I introduces a test time adaptation strategy, which improves the physical plausibility of synthesized human skeleton motions by optimizing skeleton joint locations. Stage II performs an analytical inverse kinematics strategy, which converts the optimized human skeleton motions to humanoid robot motions in a physics simulator, then the converted humanoid robot motions can be served as reference motions for the RL policy to imitate. Stage III introduces a curriculum residual force control policy, which drives the humanoid robot to mimic complex converted reference motions in accordance with the physical law. We verify our system on a typical human motion synthesis task, motion-in-betweening. Experiments on the challenging LaFAN1 dataset show our system can outperform prior methods significantly in terms of both physical plausibility and accuracy. Code will be released for research purposes at: https://***/michaelliyunhao/Skeleton2Humanoid. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Low-Cost and Portable Physiological Signal Monitor Using Physrate Model

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tan, Xudong Zhu, Yan Cheng, Zenghui Hu, Menghan Zhang, Xinxin Pei, Gan Yu, Chao Li, Qingli Li, Wenfang Wang, Jia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai200241 China Department of Radiology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai200025 China Department of Emergency and Critical Care Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai200003 China Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

In this work, we propose a lightweight non-contact physiological signal monitor. The proposed system is equipped with the modified DeepPhys model and the rate estimation model PhysRate that enable non-contact physiological signal measurements without markers using the low-cost color camera. We introduce the constraint term guided by scene information into the original DeepPhys model to mitigate the overfitting problem of the original DeepPhys model. The results of validation experiments in ICU observation ward show that the modified DeepPhys model can effectively counteract the overfitting problem of the original DeepPhys model. The experimental results of PhysRate indicate that it exhibits certain performance improvements compared to other rate prediction models. In terms of system integration, the proposed physiological signal detection monitor includes Raspberry Pi 4B, RGB camera, 4G module, mobile power, and mobile terminal. With the help of above five modules, the system can analyze the captured signals at the edge and then transmit the processed data to the cloud via 4G network. The edge side is equipped with physiological signal detection model and the other data processing algorithms. On mobile devices, the users can view the relevant data through the developed Mini App. The PhysRate model code is available at https://***/ShawnTan86/PhysRate. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Video signal processing

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Robust license plate detection through auxiliary information and context fusion model 1

引用

2nd Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, PRCV 2019

作者： Wang, Ning Liu, Feng Gan, Zongliang Jiangsu Province Key Lab on Image Processing and Image Communications Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China

ISBN: (数字)9783030317263

ISBN: (纸本)9783030317256

License plate detection has wide applications in the intelligent transportation system, while it still remains challenges to improve the robustness under various shooting distance and observation angles. To get better performance, a novel convolutional-neural-network-based method is proposed, which is achieved with auxiliary information and context fusion model. First, the auxiliary information is employed in our framework, which corresponds with resolutions, orientations and shapes of license plates. Specifically, the multiple resolutions are collected through integrating multi-level features of convolution hierarchy. Besides the various scales and ratios, the region proposal network RPN with multi-angle anchors and branching structure is applied to generate proper proposals. Second, an effective context fusion model is designed to fully exploit the hidden correlation between license plates and contextual properties. The local and contextual features are independently learned in the dual pathways, which are later joint to form a powerful representation in subsequent layers. Comprehensive experiments on the publicly available datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

关键词： Convolution

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