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Boundary effects on road network vulnerability in cities

CITIES 2024年 154卷

作者： Cheng, Zekai Ouyang, Min Du, Chongyang Hong, Liu Wang, Hongwei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Key Lab Image Proc & Intelligent Control Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Management Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Road networks are typically connected at the national scale, thus investigating a city's road network vulnerability requires defining an urban boundary. However, the choice of boundary varies widely in research, resulting in divergent and at times contradictory findings. Moreover, analyzing larger cities' road networks with expanding boundaries helps to predict road network vulnerability patterns in smaller, similarly structured cities. Guided by these two objectives, this study investigates the gaps in road network vulnerabilities by comparing 1452 road networks from 363 cities in Mainland China across four distinct boundary types. The findings indicate a significant change in road network vulnerability across different boundaries, with the largest gap ranging between 0.5449 and 0.8743. The study further finds these vulnerability gaps correlate with the difference in the structural characteristics of those urban road networks and the urban population covered by different boundaries, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.362 to 0.755. Notably, the cities' vulnerability rankings show relatively slight variations when adopting different boundaries, with Spearman's correlation coefficients between 0.442 and 0.879. This research offers valuable insights into the influence of urban expansion on road network vulnerability, particularly relevant in the context of rapid urbanization and the expansion of road networks.

关键词： Boundary Effects Urban Road Network Vulnerability

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Cross-Connected Bidirectional Pyramid Network for Infrared Small-Dim Target Detection

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IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2022年 19卷

作者： Bai, Yuanning Li, Ruimin Gou, Shuiping Zhang, Chenchen Chen, Yaohong Zheng, Zhihui Xidian Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding Xian 710071 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Acad Adv Interdisciplinary Res Xian 710071 Peoples R China Dalian Maritime Univ Sch Maritime Econ & Management Dalian 116026 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Xian Inst Opt & Precis Mech Xian 710119 Peoples R China Beijing Aerosp Automat Control Inst Beijing 100070 Peoples R China

Infrared small-dim target detection is an important technology in the fields of infrared guidance, anti-missile, and tracking system. Due to the small size of targets, no obvious structure information, and low image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), infrared small-dim target detection is still a challenging task. In this letter, a cross-connected bidirectional pyramid network (CBP-Net) is proposed for infrared small-dim target detection. The main body of the CBP-Net is to embed a bottom-up pyramid in the feature pyramid network (FPN), which is designed to provide more comprehensive target information by connecting with the original multi-scale features and the top-down pyramid. The bottom-up pyramid together with the top-down pyramid forms the proposed bidirectional pyramid structure. Then, an region of interest (ROI) feature augment module (RFA) composed of deformable ROI pooling and position attention is designed to fuse multi-scale ROI features and enhance the spatial information of the small-dim target. Besides, a regular constraint loss (RCL) is introduced to restrict multi-scale feature fusion to learn more precise target location information. Experimental results on two challenging datasets show that the performance of the proposed CBP-Net is superior to the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Feature extraction Object detection Proposals Convolution Loss measurement Information filters Signal to noise ratio Cross-connected bidirectional pyramid network (CBP-Net) infrared small-dim target detection regular constraint loss (RCL) region of interest (ROI) feature augment

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Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Physiological Computing: A Systematic Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wu, Dongrui Xu, Jiaxin Fang, Weili Zhang, Yi Yang, Liuqing Xu, Xiaodong Luo, Hanbin Yu, Xiang The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311121 China The School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The College of Public Administration Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States The School of Management and Sino European Institute for Intellectual Property Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real time. It includes, or significantly overlaps with, brain-computer interfaces, affective computing, adaptive automation, health informatics, and physiological signal based biometrics. Physiological computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer, but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks, in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output, leading to possible user confusion, frustration, injury, or even death. However, the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to, and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to them. This paper fills this gap, by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing, different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing, and the corresponding defense strategies. We hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems, and more importantly, defense strategies to make them more secure. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Despecking of Ultrasound image Using LENet-based Nonlocal-Means Method

Despecking of Ultrasound Image Using LENet-based Nonlocal-Me...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography

作者： Yu Houqiang Li Ling Zheng Min Qiu Wu Ding Mingyue Hubei Univ Sci & Technol Dept Math & Stat Xianning 437100 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Sci & Technol Xianning Med Coll Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Xianning 437100 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xianning 437100 Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Educ Minist China Image Proc & Intelligence Control Key Lab Dept Biomed EngnColl Life Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Wuhan Seekmore Intelligent Imaging Inc Wuhan Peoples R China Hubei Yueming Technol Co Ltd Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510671690;9781510671683

Speckle noise is an integral component in medical ultrasound imaging, which have a random granular pattern formation. This noise degrades the visual quality of ultrasound images and complicates image-based interpretation and diagnosis. The removal of interference-induced noise is a primary challenge as ultrasound image studies seek to achieve higher accuracy and characterize more subtle small and low-contrast lesions. In this study, a novel method, which combines the nonlocal-means (NLM) filter with a simple unsupervised deep model named Laplacian Eigenmaps network (LENet), has been proposed for ultrasonic speckle reduction. The proposed method exploits both the global features, redundancy information and self-similarity properties of noisy images, which first extract features from the noisy image by the Laplacian Eigenmaps algorithm, and then apply it to refine the image self-similarities weight for helping the NLM filter to provide better despeckling performance. Specifically, this is a two-stage approach that the first stage is to learn filter banks from a small quantity of training samples by LENet network and the following stage is to utilize the output eigenvectors as similarity metrics of pixels within the NLM filter. The performance of our approach is compared with related state-of-the-art methods on synthetic images, simulated image and real ultrasound images. The results show that our method can provide better noise removal ability over many previously despecking filters.

关键词： ultrasound image nonlocal-means Laplacian Eigenmaps network despeckling

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A noninvasive, remote and precise method for temperature and concentration estimation using magnetic nanoparticles

A noninvasive, remote and precise method for temperature and...

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2012上海市研究生学术论坛暨第三届上海交通大学医(理)工研究生学术论坛

作者： Jing Zhong Wenzhong Liu Zhongzhou Du Paulo C′esar de Morais Qing Xiang Qingguo Xie Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People''s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People''s Republic of China Department of Control Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People''s Republic of China Universidade de BrasiliaInstituto de FisicaNucleo de Fisica AplicadaBrasilia DF 70910-900Brazil School of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People''s Republic of China

is study describes an approach for remote measuring of on-site temperature and particleconcentration using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via simulation and also *** sensor model indicates that under different applied magnetic fields, the magnetizationequation of the MNPs can be discretized to give a higher-order nonlinear equation in twovariables that consequently separates information regarding temperature and particleconcentration. As a result, on-site tissue temperature or nanoparticle concentration can bedetermined using remote detection of the magnetization. In order to address key issues in thehigher-order equation we propose a new solution method of the first-order model from theperspective of the generalized inverse matrix. Simulations for solving the equation, as well asto optimize the solution of higher equations, were carried out. In the final section we describea prototype experiment used to investigate the measurement of the temperature in which weused a superconducting magnetometer and commercial MNPs. The overall error after ninerepeated measurements was found to be less than 0.57 K within 310–350 K, with acorresponding root mean square of less than 0.55 K. A linear relationship was also foundbetween the estimated concentration of MNPs and the sample’s mass.

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Thermal management solutions for a traction robot for use in downhole extreme conditions

Thermal management solutions for a traction robot for use in...

引用

Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM)

作者： Shuang Gao Aihua Tao Jingjing Cheng Ming Zhou Zhiyu Gong School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China Well-Tech R&D Institutes China Oilfield Service Limited Beijing P. R. China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education Wuhan P. R. China School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China

Accurate techniques for testing production sections are important when developing horizontal wells, but appropriate methods are also needed for transporting loggers through horizontal well segments. The reciprocating grip traction robot is a pipeline robot that has already been tested and broadly accepted for use in horizontal wells. Reciprocating grip traction robots have received a great deal of attention because they are very (more than 40%) efficient, although many other tractors are only 10% to 20% efficient, the remaining energy being converted to waste heat. However, even an efficiency of 40% may constitute a serious thermal problem in high-temperature environments, and cooling methods must be used to remove the heat produced by the waste energy. The research presented here is mainly focused on the development of a thermal management system for the electronics in traction robots. Numerical simulations are used to optimize heat sink and skeleton structure to mitigate the effects of high temperature.

关键词： Heat sinks Robots Heat transfer Resistance Resistance heating Skeleton

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Distributed Online Optimization for Charging and Discharging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Distributed Online Optimization for Charging and Discharging...

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IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)

作者： Haiming Xiong Ming Chi Zhi-Wei Liu Dandan Hu Liang-Liang Zhu Cheng Jiang Jun-Ping Gui Yao Rao School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Management South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China Nari Group Corporation State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing China State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan Efficiency Evaluation Company Limited Wuhan China

The increasing number of uncoordinated charging and discharging for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) poses new challenges to the operation of the distribution network. We introduce a dynamic price mechanism so that charging at peak load will lead to an increase in cost. Then, a distributed online charging and discharging scheduling scheme for PEVs based on the dynamic price mechanism is proposed, considering the minimization of charging cost and battery degradation cost. Unlike most of the existing studies that require the future information of PEVs to schedule charging, the proposed algorithm can solve the scheduling problem for PEVs by taking advantage of a distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed scheduling scheme.

关键词： Plug-in electric vehicles Schedules Costs Heuristic algorithms Simulation Dynamic scheduling Minimization

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IF2Net: Innately Forgetting-Free Networks for Continual Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Depeng Wang, Tianqi Xu, Bingrong Kawaguchi, Kenji Zeng, Zhigang Suganthan, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam The School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Huazhong University of Science and Technology The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China The School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China The School of Computing National University of Singapore 117417 Singapore The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The KINDI Center for Computing Research College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar

Continual learning can incrementally absorb new concepts without interfering with previously learned knowledge. Motivated by the characteristics of neural networks, in which information is stored in weights on connections, we investigated how to design an Innately Forgetting-Free Network (IF2Net) for continual learning context. This study proposed a straightforward yet effective learning paradigm by ingeniously keeping the weights relative to each seen task untouched before and after learning a new task. We first presented the novel representation-level learning on task sequences with random weights. This technique refers to tweaking the drifted representations caused by randomization back to their separate task-optimal working states, but the involved weights are frozen and reused (opposite to well-known layer-wise updates of weights). Then, sequential decision-making without forgetting can be achieved by projecting the output weight updates into the parsimonious orthogonal space, making the adaptations not disturb old knowledge while maintaining model plasticity. IF2Net allows a single network to inherently learn unlimited mapping rules without telling task identities at test time by integrating the respective strengths of randomization and orthogonalization. We validated the effectiveness of our approach in the extensive theoretical analysis and empirical study. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Real-time Multi-person Eyeblink Detection in the Wild for Untrimmed Video

Real-time Multi-person Eyeblink Detection in the Wild for Un...

引用

Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wenzheng Zeng Yang Xiao Sicheng Wei Jinfang Gan Xintao Zhang Zhiguo Cao Zhiwen Fang Joey Tianyi Zhou Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore

Real-time eyeblink detection in the wild can widely serve for fatigue detection, face anti-spoofing, emotion analysis, etc. The existing research efforts generally focus on single-person cases towards trimmed video. However, multi-person scenario within untrimmed videos is also important for practical applications, which has not been well concerned yet. To address this, we shed light on this research field for the first time with essential contributions on dataset, theory, and practices. In particular, a large-scale dataset termed MPEblink that involves 686 untrimmed videos with 8748 eyeblink events is proposed under multi-person conditions. The samples are captured from uncon-strainedfilms to reveal “in the wild“ characteristics. Meanwhile, a real-time multi-person eyeblink detection method is also proposed. Being different from the existing counter-parts, our proposition runs in a one-stage spatio-temporal way with end-to-end learning capacity. Specifically, it simultaneously addresses the sub-tasks of face detection, face tracking, and human instance-level eyeblink detection. This paradigm holds 2 main advantages: (1) eyeblink features can be facilitated via the face's global context (e.g., head pose and illumination condition) with joint optimization and interaction, and (2) addressing these sub-tasks in parallel instead of sequential manner can save time remarkably to meet the real-time running requirement. Experiments on MPEblink verify the essential challenges of real-time multi-person eyeblink detection in the wild for untrimmed video. Our method also outperforms existing approaches by large margins and with a high inference speed.

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Predictive protocol of flocks with small-world connection pattern

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Physical Review E 2009年第1期79卷 016113-016113页

作者： Hai-Tao Zhang Michael Z. Q. Chen Tao Zhou The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PZ United Kingdom Department of Engineering University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH United Kingdom Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 People’s Republic of China Department of Physics University of Fribourg Chemin du Muse 3 Fribourg CH-1700 Switzerland

By introducing a predictive mechanism with small-world connections, we propose a new motion protocol for self-driven flocks. The small-world connections are implemented by randomly adding long-range interactions from the leader to a few distant agents, namely, pseudoleaders. The leader can directly affect the pseudoleaders, thereby influencing all the other agents through them efficiently. Moreover, these pseudoleaders are able to predict the leader’s motion several steps ahead and use this information in decision making towards coherent flocking with more stable formation. It is shown that drastic improvement can be achieved in terms of both the consensus performance and the communication cost. From the engineering point of view, the current protocol allows for a significant improvement in the cohesion and rigidity of the formation at a fairly low cost of adding a few long-range links embedded with predictive capabilities. Significantly, this work uncovers an important feature of flocks that predictive capability and long-range links can compensate for the insufficiency of each other. These conclusions are valid for both the attractive and repulsive swarm model and the Vicsek model.

关键词： pattern formation protocols random processes 3-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE MODEL DYNAMICAL COMPLEX NETWORKS REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS STABILITY ANALYSIS ATTRACTIVE FORCES SENSOR NETWORKS ANIMAL GROUPS AGENTS TRANSITIONS CONSENSUS

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