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Ferroelectric materials, devices, and chips technologies for advanced computing and memory applications: development and challenges

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第06期 118-173页

作者： Xiao YU Ni ZHONG Yan CHENG Tianjiao XIN Qing LUO Tiancheng GONG Jiezhi CHEN Jixuan WU Ran CHENG Zhiyuan FU Kechao TANG Jin LUO Tianling REN Fei XUE Lin CHEN Tianyu WANG Xueqing LI Xiuyan LI Ping WANG Xinqiang WANG Jie SUN Anquan JIANG Peiyuan DU Bing CHEN Chengji JIN Jiajia CHEN Haoji QIAN Wei MAO Siying ZHENG Huan LIU Haiwen XU Can LIU Zhihao SHEN Xiaoxi LI Bochang LI Zheng-Dong LUO Jiuren ZHOU Yan LIU Yue HAO Genquan HAN Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian University Faculty of Integrated Circuits Xidian University Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices(MOE) Department of Electronics East China Normal University State Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University College of Integrated Circuit Zhejiang University School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University School of Integrated Circuits Peking University School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Center for Quantum Matter School of Physics Zhejiang University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan University Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University National Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology and the Department of Micro-Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University Hangzhou Huarui Chip Innovation Technology Co. Ltd.

Hafnium（Hf） oxide-based ferroelectric materials have emerged as a transformative platform for next-generation non-volatile memory and advanced computing technologies. This review comprehensively examines the development, challenges, and applications of HfO2ferroelectrics, emphasizing their CMOS compatibility, scalability, and robust polarization at nanoscale dimensions. Breakthroughs in doping strategies, stress engineering, and VO control have stabilized the metastable orthorhombic phase, enabling high-performance devices such as ferroelectric RAM（FeRAM）, ferroelectric field-effect transistors（FeFETs）, and ferroelectric tunnel junctions（FTJs）. These devices offer ultrafast switching, low power consumption, and multi-level storage, driving innovations in neuromorphic computing, in-memory processing, and cryogenic systems; nonetheless, they face ongoing challenges in reliability, such as fatigue and imprint effects, and scalability at sub-5 nm technology nodes. Emerging frontiers, such as wurtzite-structured nitrides（e.g., AlScN） and antiferroelectric ZrO2-based systems, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptionally high remanent polarization and promising potential for enhanced endurance, respectively. Further addressing the reliability issues of these emerging ferroelectric materials and the challenges associated with large-scale integration processes through interdisciplinary efforts will unlock the full potential of ferroelectric technologies, positioning them as pivotal enablers of post-Moore computing architectures and sustainable AI-driven applications.

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GALS Architecture of H.264 Video Encoding System on DN-DualV6-PCIe-4 FPGA Platform

GALS Architecture of H.264 Video Encoding System on DN-DualV...

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2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Signal Processing(ICSP 2012)

作者： Qihua Yang Teng Wang Xindong Su Lijia Wang Xin'an Wang Key Lab of Integrated Micro-Systems Science Engineering and Applications Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School

ISBN: (纸本)9781467321969

To manage the increasing complexity of modern digital systems, Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous (GALS) is considered a promising solution, which is now widely adopted in large FPGA designs. The GALS methodology can effectively maximize the performance-power-ratio of the electronic system along with great reuse capability. With multiple clock domains in a GALS system, the accuracy with data transmission between different clock domains counts for a lot. In this paper, a GALS architecture of H.264 video encoding system is implemented on the DN-DualV6-PCIe-4 FPGA platform from the Dini Group. The data rate conversion module among different clock domains is designed with a stream controller and asynchronous FIFOs, in which gray code is applied to avoid metastability. The experiment results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed implementation. Furthermore, the proposed GALS scheme can be applied as a configurable architecture for more complicated applications.

关键词： GALS H.264 video encoding FPGA prototyping data rate conversion

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Design and implementation of a flexible DMA controller in video codec system

Design and implementation of a flexible DMA controller in vi...

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International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： Yinhui Wang Teng Wang Pan Zhou Xin'an Wang Key Lab of Integrated Micro-Systems Science Engineering and Application Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China

To meet rigorous high sustained bandwidth demand and exploit the data level access parallelism, a new architecture of DMA controller aiming at multimedia applications is proposed in this paper. Through analyzing the characteristics of video data transfer, we customize four shared channels with block address-conversion algorithm to adapt to many regular memory-access patterns. Furthermore, in order to transfer plenty of macro blocks whose addresses are not consecutive, channel descriptor model is applied into the design, which provides the most flexibility in managing the system's transfers. Besides, the design can also perform boundary extension, priority arbitrage and parameter prefetching as well as data rearrangement process. The proposed design is implemented in H.264/RVC encoder chip by SMIC 65nm technology with a clock frequency of 250MHz and 23.6K equivalent logic gates. Experimental results show that the customized design performs around 2~4 times faster than traditional DMA controller, and the lower ratio of setting time to transfer time proves that the burden of the processor is reduced significantly.

关键词： Registers Streaming media Reduced instruction set computing Digital signal processing Computer architecture Prefetching Process control

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Development of a Mind-controlled Android Racing Game using a Brain Computer Interface(BCI)

Development of a Mind-controlled Android Racing Game using a...

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2014 4th IEEE International Conference on Information science and Technology

作者： Guobin Wu Zheng Xie Xin'an Wang Key Lab of Integrated Micro System Science Engineering and Application Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University

Brain computer interface(BCI) is to provide a direct communication or control channel between human's brain and external devices. Recently, with the development of BCI, several research institutions and organizations have developed some games that are interacted with BCI to enrich user's experience. However, most of these games are only used in computers and just focus on the realization of direction strategies. To meet the potential increasing Android smartphone users' needs and explore interacting game processes with people's mental states, this paper designs an Android 3D racing game controlled by mental states like attention and meditation. In this application, with the feedbacks of a Bluetooth BCI called Mindset, the racing car's speed and part of game scenarios can be in the charge of user's mental states.

关键词： BCI Development of a Mind-controlled Android Racing Game using a Brain Computer Interface

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A novel reuse technology of extended finite state machine at the transaction level based on UVM

A novel reuse technology of extended finite state machine at...

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2014 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics engineering(ICEEE 2014)

作者： Zheng Xie Xin'an Wang Zhibin Lian Shanshan Yong Key Lab of Integrated Micro System Science Engineering and Application Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University

The reuse of verification code and methodology is a major factor providing significant acceleration of the overall verification efficiency. The verification system reusability is supported by a flexible user interface, environment structure, testbench design, and verification methodology. In this contribution, we proposed a novel reuse technology of extended finite state machine at the transaction level to simultaneously implement scenario generator, scenario coverage collector, and reference model. Associated with the application Program Interface(API) function library based on Universal Verification Methodology(UVM), an extended finite state machine was recorded by the state machine component in Verification Expert System(VES) toolbox to generate specific code automatically. The APIs are encapsulated in the UVM library as a part of reuse resource that can reduce the amount of code greatly, provide clear architecture for functional debugging, and produce test cases automatically.

关键词： verification reuse extended finite state machine UVM

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Spiral Field Generation in Smith-Purcell Radiation by Helical Metagratings

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1115-1122页

作者： Liqiao Jing Zuojia Wang Xiao Lin Bin Zheng Su Xu Lian Shen Yihao Yang Fei Gao Min Chen Hongsheng Chen Key Lab.of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

Moving electrons interacting with media can give rise to electromagnetic radiations and has been emerged as a promising platform for particle detection,spectroscopies,and free-electron *** this letter,we investigate the Smith-Purcell radiation from helical metagratings,chiral structures similar to deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA),in order to understand the interplay between electrons,photons,and object *** feld patterns can be generated while introducing a gradient azimuthal phase distribution to the induced electric dipole array at the cylindrical *** measurements show efcient control over angular momentum of the radiated feld at microwave regime,utilizing a phased electromagnetic dipole array to mimic moving charged *** angular momentum of the radiated wave is determined solely by the handedness of the helical structure,and it thus serves as a potential candidate for the detection of chiral *** fndings not only pave a way for design of orbital angular momentum free-electron lasers but also provide a platform to study the interplay between swif electrons with chiral objects.

关键词： momentum chiral angular

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Development of a mind-controlled Android racing game using a brain computer interface (BCI)

Development of a mind-controlled Android racing game using a...

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International Conference on Information science and Technology (ICIST)

作者： Guobin Wu Zheng Xie Xin'an Wang Key Lab of Integrated Micro System Science Engineering and Application Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University Shenzhen China

Brain computer interface (BCI) is to provide a direct communication or control channel between human's brain and external devices. Recently, with the development of BCI, several research institutions and organizations have developed some games that are interacted with BCI to enrich user's experience. However, most of these games are only used in computers and just focus on the realization of direction strategies. To meet the potential increasing Android smartphone users' needs and explore interacting game processes with people's mental states, this paper designs an Android 3D racing game controlled by mental states like attention and meditation. In this application, with the feedbacks of a Bluetooth BCI called Mindset, the racing car's speed and part of game scenarios can be in the charge of user's mental states.

关键词： Games Bluetooth Androids Humanoid robots Smart phones Message systems Payloads

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Low thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric performance induced by resonant bonding in a two-dimensional lead-tin-selenide ordered alloy

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第5期22卷 054013页

作者： Zhongwei Zhang Cuiqian Yu Shuang Lu Sebastian Volz Jie Chen Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science China–EU Joint Lab for Nanophononics MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials School of Physics Science and Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Micro and Mechatronic Systems CNRS-IIS UMI 2820

Resonant bonding, arising from an unsaturated electronic occupation configuration, has been demonstrated as a crucial signature for intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κl), which offers a promising avenue for achieving high-performance thermoelectric materials. Using density-functional theory combined with Boltzmann transport equation calculations, we demonstrate the significant impact of resonant bonding on the thermal transport properties of a two-dimensional lead-tin-selenide ordered alloy, namely (Pb0.5Sn0.5)Se. Our findings demonstrate that resonant bonding induces interactions that extend beyond the typical covalent bonding range, i.e., resonant interaction, as evidenced by the perturbed electron density distribution, the nonvanishing trace of interaction force constants over long distances, and the large convergent cutoff radius observed in thermal conductivity calculations. Consequently, the resonant interactions lead to enhanced phonon-scattering events and strong anharmonicity, resulting in an ultralow κl around 1Wm−1K−1 at 300 K. More interestingly, an excellent thermoelectric performance is observed in two-dimensional (Pb0.5Sn0.5)Se, with a remarkably high ZT value around 3 at 800 K. This study highlights the underlying relation between the electronic bonding and thermal transport property, providing valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency thermoelectric materials.

关键词： Chemical bonding Lattice thermal conductivity 2-dimensional systems Alloys Semiconductor compounds Thermoelectrics Boltzmann theory Density functional calculations

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Hollow Gradient-Structured Iron-Anchored Carbon Nanospheres for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-micro Letters 2023年第1期15卷 144-160页

作者： Cao Wu Jing Wang Xiaohang Zhang Lixing Kang Xun Cao Yongyi Zhang Yutao Niu Yingying Yu Huili Fu Zongjie Shen Kunjie Wu Zhenzhong Yong Jingyun Zou Bin Wang Zhou Chen Zhengpeng Yang Qingwen Li Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Advanced Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China School of Science Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099JiangxiPeople’s Republic of China Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials Jiangxi Institute of NanotechnologyNanchang 330200JiangxiPeople’s Republic of China School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and TechnologySuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211800People’s Republic of China Henan Key Laboratory of Materials On Deep-Earth Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003People’s Republic of China College of Safety Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054People’s Republic of China

In the present paper,a microwave absorber with nanoscale gradient structure was proposed for enhancing the electromagnetic absorption *** inorganic-organic competitive coating strategy was employed,which can effectively adjust the thermodynamic and kinetic reactions of iron ions during the solvothermal *** a result,Fe nanoparticles can be gradually decreased from the inner side to the surface across the hollow carbon *** results reveal that it offers an outstanding reflection loss value in combination with broadband wave absorption and flexible adjustment ability,which is superior to other relative graded distribution structures and satisfied with the requirements of lightweight *** addition,this work elucidates the intrinsic microwave regulation mechanism of the multiscale hybrid electromagnetic wave *** excellent impedance matching and moderate dielectric parameters are exhibited to be the dominative factors for the promotion of microwave absorption performance of the optimized *** strategy to prepare gradient-distributed microwave absorbing materials initiates a new way for designing and fabricating wave absorber with excellent impedance matching property in practical applications.

关键词： Gradient structures Carbon nanospheres Electromagnetic wave absorption Impedance matching

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A 350 C piezoresistive n-type 4H-SiC pressure sensor for hydraulic and pneumatic pressure tests

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Journal of micromechanics and microengineering 2020年第5期30卷

作者： Fang, Xudong Wu, Chen Zhao, Yulong Jiang, Zhuangde Rong, Weibing Feng, Zhihong Lv, Yuanjie State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China National Key Laboratory of Application Specific Integrated Circuit Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute Shijiazhuang050051 China

It has been a challenge to develop pressure sensors that can work in harsh environments. In this work, a piezoresistive n-type 4H-SiC pressure sensor is demonstrated, capable of working at 350 C under hydraulic and pneumatic pressure. The pressure measuring range of this sensor is 7 MPa and the chip dimension is 2.5 mm 2.5 mm 0.23 mm. A reliable Ti/TaSi2/Pt metal ohmic contact is used in the sensor and experimental results show that the metal combination can withstand a wide temperature range of 30 C-350 C. In order to avoid thermal stress induced by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of different packaging materials when increasing temperature, a double-layer bonding scheme of cement glue and epoxy is proposed. The inner layer of the chip and the kovar alloy base are directly bonded with the epoxy, while the outer layer is wrapped with the high-temperature cement glue. Experiments confirm that this method can achieve reliable packaging with temperatures up to 350 C for 5 h. Based on the above key technologies, the sensitivity of this sensor can reach 13.2 mV V-1 kPa-1 and the test data exhibit high linearity and repeatability. Static tests prove that the sensor has good media compatibility which can operate under a hydraulic pressure load at 220 C and a barometric pressure load under 350 C. The sensor in this work can provide a reference for pressure measurements at high temperature and in complex media environments. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pressure sensors

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