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Analysis of the bullwhip effect in two parallel supply chains with interacting price-sensitive demands

European Journal of Operational Research 2015年第3期243卷 815-825页

作者： Yungao Ma Nengmin Wang Zhengwen He Jizhou Lu Huigang Liang School of Management Xi'an Jiaotong University Xianning Road Xian Shaanxi 710049 No. 28 China The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Control & Efficiency Engineering Xianning Road Xian Shaanxi 710049 No. 28 China State Grid Energy Research Institute Changping District 102209 Beijing China Department of Management Information Systems College of Business East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA

This paper offers insights into how the bullwhip effect in two parallel supply chains with interacting price-sensitive demands is affected in contrast to the situation of a single product in a serial supply chain. In particular, this research studies two parallel supply chains, each consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, and the external demand for a single product depends on its price and the other's price in a situation in which each price follows a first-order autoregressive process. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework that incorporates two parallel supply chains, and we explore their interactions to determine the bullwhip effect. We identify the conditions under which the bullwhip effect is amplified or lessened with interacting price-sensitive demands relative to the situation without interaction.

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Spatial S-R compatibility effect with head rotation

Spatial S-R compatibility effect with head rotation

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International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, IMECS 2014

作者： Tsang, Steve N.H. Kang, Stefanie X.Q. Chan, Alan H.S. Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong School of Management Xi'an Jiao Tong University State Key Lab. for Manufacturing Key Lab. of the Ministry of Education for Process Control and Efficiency Projects Xi'an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881925336

The effects of signal modality (visual and auditory), hand condition (crossed and uncrossed), and head orientation (upright, right-90, left-90, and left back) on response performance were e xamined in this study. The results showed all the factors significantly affected the reaction time of participants and there was an interaction effect between signal modality and head orientation. Responses for visual signals were significantly faster than those for auditory signals, and responses made with uncrossed hand were superior to those with crossed hand. On head orientation, upright orientation produced the fastest reaction time, while reaction time for head rotated 90° right (right-90) was significantly faster than that for head rotated 90° left (left-90) and rotated left backward (left back). Regarding the significant interaction effect between signal modality and head orientation, processing time for visual signals was always faster than that for auditory signals. Such modality superiority increased to a larger extent under the left 90 and left back head orientations. The findings in this experiment provide some practical ergonomics recommendations for improving control console design in terms of signal-response layout, stimulus-hand arrangement, head orientation, and methods of presenting visual and auditory signals.

关键词： Ergonomics

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Integrated inventory routing problem with quality time windows and loading cost for deteriorating items under discrete time

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Mathematical Problems in engineering 2014年第1期2014卷

作者： Jia, Tao Li, Xiaofan Wang, Nengmin Li, Ran School of Management Xi'An JiaoTong University No. 28 Xianning Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Control and Efficiency Engineering No. 28 Xianning Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

We investigate an integrated inventory routing problem (IRP) in which one supplier with limited production capacity distributes a single item to a set of retailers using homogeneous vehicles. In the objective function we consider a loading cost which is often neglected in previous research. Considering the deterioration in the products, we set a soft time window during the transportation stage and a hard time window during the sales stage, and to prevent jams and waiting cost, the time interval of two successive vehicles returning to the supplier's facilities is required not to be overly short. Combining all of these factors, a two-echelon supply chain mixed integer programming model under discrete time is proposed, and a two-phase algorithm is developed. The first phase uses tabu search to obtain the retailers' ordering matrix. The second phase is to generate production scheduling and distribution routing, adopting a saving algorithm and a neighbourhood search, respectively. Computational experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. © 2014 Tao Jia et al.

关键词： Costs

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The optimal promised quality defect model for service guarantees

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Computer Modelling and New Technologies 2014年第7期18卷 147-158页

作者： Wang, Wenlong Liu, Xinmei Zhang, Xiaojie School of Management Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xiannin Road Xi'an Shaanxi China The key lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Control and Efficiency Engineering 28 Xiannin Road Xian Shaanxi China

Service quality guarantee is an important tool for firms to boost demands, put up prices, and enhance profits. However, when promised quality defect is too high or low, the impact on the organization and the customer is usually negative. Therefore, determining the level of promised quality defect is of critical strategic and tactical importance in businesses. Yet, systematic quantitative methods aren't found to help managers determine promised quality defect. We propose a simple but powerful model in finding the optimal promised service quality defect. The model makes trade-offs between benefits and costs of service defect guarantees. Firstly, the decision of promised quality defect is analysed when service price is exogenous. We secondly investigated when service price is endogenous, how can a service provider make decisions on service price and promised quality defect simultaneously to maximize its profit. Thirdly, comprehensive analysis of how service providers promise the optimal quality defect from two aspects of demand and supply is given. Numerical analysis is conducted to illustrate the interactive effect of endogenous service price and affected service supply. In the end, we conclude the paper and suggest areas for future research. With only definitional changes, the model can be applied to other guarantee contexts.

关键词： Profitability

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Multiple-disturbance rejection for high precision positioning of a VCM servo gantry 19

Multiple-disturbance rejection for high precision positionin...

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19th IFAC World Congress on International Federation of Automatic control, IFAC 2014

作者： Lyu, Zeshan Yan, Peng Zhang, Zhen Guo, Lei School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacturing Ministry of Education School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong250061 China Beijing Key Lab. of Precision/Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823625

This paper presents an multiple disturbance rejection approach for rejecting narrow-band disturbances as well as norm-bounded random disturbances, with applications to high precision positioning of a Voice Coil Motor (VCM) actuated servo stage. An adaptive optimal phase filter design method is proposed for the rejection of frequency-varying narrow-band disturbances at unknown frequency range. With a parallel connection of the proposed adaptive filter, a robust H∞ controller can be synthesized with mixed sensitivity optimization for the purpose of both robust stability and rejection of norm-bounded random disturbances. The proposed control architecture is implemented to a VCM servo gantry to achieve high precision positioning in the presence of various disturbances. © IFAC.

关键词： Disturbance rejection

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A Study of Identifying the Emotional Competencies of China Higher Cadres

A Study of Identifying the Emotional Competencies of China H...

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2013 International Conference on Industrial engineering and Management Science(ICIEMS 2013)

作者： Xin-bu Hu Zhi-ping Yuan Hong Chen Ting Chen School of Management Xi'an Jiaotong University The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for process control& Efficiency Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Organization Department of CPC Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an FANYI University

According to literature and field interview, the study designs questionnaire about Leader's Emotional Competencies and acquires 124 valid questionnaires and makes respective project analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis based on the first- hand data according to self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills sub-questionnaires by SPSS17.0. The study tests construct validity, deletes those items which influence construct validity of sub-questionnaires and extracts some factors with higher construct validity. In order to test reliability, the research makes analysis of those factors and their items acquired from factor analysis on level of factor and sub-questionnaire, and deletes these items which only have lower reliability estimate value or different from those with the same index. Moreover, the research concludes and settles emotional competencies for cadres in China and conceives leader emotional competence model.

关键词： A Study of Identifying the Emotional Competencies of China Higher Cadres

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Discrete time-varying internal model-based control of a novel parallel kinematics multi-axis servo gantry 19

Discrete time-varying internal model-based control of a nove...

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19th IFAC World Congress on International Federation of Automatic control, IFAC 2014

作者： Zhang, Zhen Yan, Peng Wang, Peng Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Key Lab. of Precision Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control Tsinghua University 100084 China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacturing Ministry of Education School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong250061 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823625

This paper presents an internal model-based approach for trajectory tracking in the discrete time-varying setting. A newly designed parallel kinematics servo gantry is well suited for high precision contouring at high speed ranges. The discrete time-varying internal model-based control is developed for controlling the servo gantry system to track complicated trajectories generated by linear time-varying systems. Based on a novel parallel time-varying internal model structure, a low order robust discrete time-varying stabilizer is synthesized. The proposed tracking control architecture is deployed on the novel parallel kinematics servo gantry system to achieve high precision contour tracking performance for frequency-varying signals generated by high order time-varying autonomous system. © IFAC.

关键词： Time varying control systems

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Risk-averse procurement with unreliable supply: A single-period model

Risk-averse procurement with unreliable supply: A single-per...

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43rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial engineering 2013, CIE 2013

作者： Shu, Lei Wu, Feng School of Management Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Control and Efficiency Engineering Experiment Center for the Teaching of Management Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9781629934372

Unreliable supply is important to procurement and supply chain management. It arises from uncertainties in various factors such as geography, environment and politics, and thus it seems more and more common as economic globalization. Inventory and supplier diversification have been shown to be effective in mitigating supply risk. However, these works underestimate risk as they assume a risk-neutral buyer. With this consideration, this paper is intended to examine how inventory strategy performs with a risk-averse buyer. We assume customer demand arrives before procurement decision. Due to unreliable supply, the buyer receives a random portion of his order. To make trade-off between profit and supply risk, the buyer intends to optimize expected utility other than profit or cost. Therefore, we establish a single-period model with an exponential utility function. We prove that optimal quantity is greater than otherwise would be ordered if the buyer is risk-neutral, and is unique as expected utility is strictly concave in order quantity. Moreover, expected utility is strictly concave in initial inventory level. Hence, inventory strategy including inventory initialization and procurement is proved effective in dealing with supply risk. Interestingly, we also find that optimal expected utility strictly decreases in supply price, and is independent of maximum supply ratio. This implies supply price take precedence over maximum supply ration, on which however optimal order quantity depends. This is similar to extant work in risk-neutral setting, and could lay a foundation for supplier diversification strategy. The basic model can be easily extended to a multi-period and even dynamic one, and thus significantly contributes to supply risk management in both theory and practice.

关键词： Supply chain management

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Multiple-Disturbance Rejection for High Precision Positioning of a VCM Servo Gantry

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2014年第3期47卷 2052-2057页

作者： Zeshan Lyu Peng Yan Zhen Zhang Lei Guo School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacturing Ministry of Education School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250061 China Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper presents an multiple disturbance rejection approach for rejecting narrow-band disturbances as well as norm-bounded random disturbances, with applications to high precision positioning of a Voice Coil Motor (VCM) actuated servo stage. An adaptive optimal phase filter design method is proposed for the rejection of frequency-varying narrow-band disturbances at unknown frequency range. With a parallel connection of the proposed adaptive filter, a robust H ∞ controller can be synthesized with mixed sensitivity optimization for the purpose of both robust stability and rejection of norm-bounded random disturbances. The proposed control architecture is implemented to a VCM servo gantry to achieve high precision positioning in the presence of various disturbances.

关键词： Mechatronics Disturbance Rejection Adaptive Filter Robust control

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The impact of consumer price forecasting behaviour on the bullwhip effect

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International Journal of Production Research 2014年第22期52卷 6642页

作者： Wang, Nengmin Ma, Yungao He, Zhengwen Che, Ada Huang, Yufei Xu, Jinpeng [a] School of Management Xi’an Jiaotong University Xian Shaanxi China[b] The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Control & Efficiency Engineering Xian Shaanxi China[c] State Grid Energy Research Institute Beijing China[d] School of Management Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian Shaanxi China[e] Department of Management Science and Innovation University College London London UK

As prices fluctuate over time, a strategic consumer may buy more in advance to reduce his or her future needs in anticipation of higher prices in the future, or may choose to postpone a purchase in anticipation of lower prices in the future. We investigate the bullwhip effect from a consumer price forecasting behavioural perspective in the context of a simple two-level supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer. We consider two different forms for the demand function -- linear and iso-elastic demand functions, both depending on the prices in multiple periods. Assuming that the retailer employs an order-up-to inventory policy with exponential smoothing forecasting technology, we derive analytical expressions for the bullwhip effect under the two demand functions, and extend the results to the multiple-retailer case. We find that consumer forecasting behaviour can reduce the bullwhip effect, most significantly when the consumer sensitivity to price changes is medium (approximately 0.5) for both the demand forms. In addition, for iso-elastic demand, the mitigation of the bullwhip effect induced by consumer price forecasting behaviour becomes more significant as the product price sensitivity coefficient and standard deviation of the price decrease. These findings are applicable to the development of managerial strategies by supply chain members that are conducive to bullwhip effect reduction through customer behaviour.

关键词： bullwhip effect oscillation consumer behaviour price forecasting linear demand iso-elastic demand

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