As advanced technology nodes enter the nanometer era, the complexity of integrated circuit design is increasing, and the proportion of bus in the net is also increasing. The bus routing has become a key factor affecti...
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As advanced technology nodes enter the nanometer era, the complexity of integrated circuit design is increasing, and the proportion of bus in the net is also increasing. The bus routing has become a key factor affecting the performance of the chip. In addition, the existing research does not distinguish between bus and non-bus in the complete global routing process, which directly leads to the expansion of bus deviation and the degradation of chip performance. In order to solve these problems, we propose a high-quality and efficient bus-aware global router, which includes the following key strategies: By introducing the routing density graph, we propose a routing model that can simultaneously consider the routability of non-bus and the deviation value of bus;A dynamic routing resource adjustment algorithm is proposed to optimize the bus deviation and wirelength simultaneously, which can effectively reduce the bus deviation;We propose a layer assignment algorithm consider deviation to significantly reduce the bus deviation of the 3D routing solution;And a depth-first search (DFS)-based algorithm is proposed to obtain multiple routing solutions, from which the routing result with the lowest deviation is selected. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce bus deviation compared with the existing algorithms, so as to obtain high-quality 2D and 3D routing solutions considering bus deviation.
Federated Graph Learning (FedGL) is an emerging Federated Learning (FL) framework that learns the graph data from various clients to train better Graph Neural networks(GNNs) model. Owing to concerns regarding the secu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400712746
Federated Graph Learning (FedGL) is an emerging Federated Learning (FL) framework that learns the graph data from various clients to train better Graph Neural networks(GNNs) model. Owing to concerns regarding the security of such framework, numerous studies have attempted to execute backdoor attacks on FedGL, with a particular focus on distributed backdoor attacks. However, all existing methods posting distributed backdoor attack on FedGL only focus on injecting distributed backdoor triggers into the training data of each malicious client, which will cause model performance degradation on original task and is not always effective when confronted with robust federated learning defense algorithms, leading to low success rate of attack. What’s more, the backdoor signals introduced by the malicious clients may be smoothed out by other clean signals from the honest clients, which potentially undermining the performance of the attack. To address the above significant shortcomings, we propose a non-intrusive graph distributed backdoor attack(NI-GDBA) that does not require backdoor triggers to be injected in the training data. Our attack trains an adaptive perturbation trigger generator model for each malicious client to learn the natural backdoor from the GNN model downloading from the server with the malicious client’s local data. In contrast to traditional distributed backdoor attacks on FedGL via trigger injection in training data, our attack on different datasets such as Molecules and Bioinformatics have higher attack success rate, stronger persistence and stealth, and has no negative impact on the performance of the global GNN model. We also explore the robustness of NI-GDBA under different defense strategies, and based on our extensive experimental studies, we show that our attack method is robust to current federated learning defense methods, thus it is necessary to consider non-intrusive distributed backdoor attacks on FedGL as a novel threat that requires custom d
Due to its open-source nature, Android operating system has been the main target of attackers to exploit. Malware creators always perform different code obfuscations on their apps to hide malicious activities. Feature...
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Due to its open-source nature, Android operating system has been the main target of attackers to exploit. Malware creators always perform different code obfuscations on their apps to hide malicious activities. Features extracted from these obfuscated samples through program analysis contain many useless and disguised features, which leads to many false negatives. To address the issue, in this paper, we demonstrate that obfuscation-resilient malware family analysis can be achieved through contrastive learning. The key insight behind our analysis is that contrastive learning can be used to reduce the difference introduced by obfuscation while amplifying the difference between malware and other types of malware. Based on the proposed analysis, we design a system that can achieve robust and interpretable classification of Android malware. To achieve robust classification, we perform contrastive learning on malware samples to learn an encoder that can automatically extract robust features from malware samples. To achieve interpretable classification, we transform the function call graph of a sample into an image by centrality analysis. Then the corresponding heatmaps can be obtained by visualization techniques. These heatmaps can help users understand why the malware is classified as this family. We implement IFDroid and perform extensive evaluations on two datasets. Experimental results show that IFDroid is superior to state-of-the-art Android malware familial classification systems. Moreover, IFDroid is capable of maintaining a 98.4% F1 on classifying 69,421 obfuscated malware samples. IEEE
Prototypical network based joint methods have attracted much attention in few-shot event detection, which carry out event detection in a unified sequence tagging framework. However, these methods suffer from the inacc...
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The denoising model has been proven a powerful generative model but has little exploration of discriminative tasks. Representation learning is important in discriminative tasks, which is defined as "learning repr...
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing large models with real-time and domain-specific knowledge. While numerous improvements and open-source tools have been proposed to ...
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In book search, relevant book information should be returned in response to a query. Books contain complex, multi-faceted information such as metadata, outlines, and main text, where the outline provides hierarchical ...
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In smart classrooms, conducting multi-face expression recognition based on existing hardware devices to assessstudents’ group emotions can provide educators with more comprehensive and intuitive classroom effect anal...
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In smart classrooms, conducting multi-face expression recognition based on existing hardware devices to assessstudents’ group emotions can provide educators with more comprehensive and intuitive classroom effect analysis,thereby continuouslypromotingthe improvementof teaching ***,most existingmulti-face expressionrecognition methods adopt a multi-stage approach, with an overall complex process, poor real-time performance,and insufficient generalization ability. In addition, the existing facial expression datasets are mostly single faceimages, which are of low quality and lack specificity, also restricting the development of this research. This paperaims to propose an end-to-end high-performance multi-face expression recognition algorithm model suitable forsmart classrooms, construct a high-quality multi-face expression dataset to support algorithm research, and applythe model to group emotion assessment to expand its application value. To this end, we propose an end-to-endmulti-face expression recognition algorithm model for smart classrooms (E2E-MFERC). In order to provide highqualityand highly targeted data support for model research, we constructed a multi-face expression dataset inreal classrooms (MFED), containing 2,385 images and a total of 18,712 expression labels, collected from smartclassrooms. In constructing E2E-MFERC, by introducing Re-parameterization visual geometry group (RepVGG)block and symmetric positive definite convolution (SPD-Conv) modules to enhance representational capability;combined with the cross stage partial network fusion module optimized by attention mechanism (C2f_Attention),it strengthens the ability to extract key information;adopts asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) featurefusion tailored to classroomscenes and optimizes the head prediction output size;achieves high-performance endto-end multi-face expression detection. Finally, we apply the model to smart classroom group emotion assessmentand provide design refe
Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always ali...
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Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) has been a long-standing field to answer questions based on knowledge bases. Recently, the evolving dynamics of knowledge have attracted a growing interest in Temporal Knowledg...
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