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Fluorine-Containing Passivation Layer via Surface Chelation for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第6期135卷

作者： Hao Zhang Prof. Wanchun Xiang Xuejiao Zuo Xiaojing Gu Shiang Zhang Yachao Du Zhiteng Wang Yali Liu Haifeng Wu Peijun Wang Qingyue Cui Hang Su Prof. Qingwen Tian Prof. Shengzhong (Frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University No. 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Writing - original draft (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Data curation (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (equal) Investigation (equal) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Ministry of Education Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology No. 15 East Road North Third Ring Chaoyang District Beijing 100029 P. R. China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Data curation (lead) Funding acquisition (lead) Project administration (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (lead) Visualization (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead) Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China Contribution: Project administration (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal)

Minimizing surface defect is vital to further improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed a passivator trifluoroacetamidine (TFA) to suppress CsPbI 3− x Br x film defects. The amidine group of TFA can strongly chelate onto the perovskite surface to suppress the iodide vacancy, strengthened by additional hydrogen bonds. Moreover, three fluorine atoms allow strong intermolecular connection via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus constructing a robust shield against moisture. The TFA-treated PSCs exhibit remarkably suppressed recombination, yielding the record PCEs of 21.35 % and 17.21 % for 0.09 cm 2 and 1.0 cm 2 device areas, both of which are the highest for all-inorganic PSCs so far. The device also achieves a PCE of 39.78 % under indoor illumination, the highest for all-inorganic indoor photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, TFA greatly improves device ambient stability by preserving 93 % of the initial PCE after 960 h.

关键词： Chelation Defect Passivation Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Patch-level Neighborhood Interpolation: A General and Effective Graph-based Regularization Strategy

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Sun, Ke Yu, Bing Lin, Zhouchen Zhu, Zhanxing Center for Data Science Peking University China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University China National Key Lab of General AI School of Intelligence Science and Technology Peking University China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University China Peng Cheng Laboratory China

Regularization plays a crucial role in machine learning models, especially for deep neural networks. The existing regularization techniques mainly rely on the i.i.d. assumption and only consider the knowledge from the current sample, without the leverage of the neighboring relationship between samples. In this work, we propose a general regularizer called Patch-level Neighborhood Interpolation (Pani) that conducts a non-local representation in the computation of networks. Our proposal explicitly constructs patch-level graphs in different layers and then linearly interpolates neighborhood patch features, serving as a general and effective regularization strategy. Further, we customize our approach into two kinds of popular regularization methods, namely Virtual Adversarial Training (VAT) and MixUp as well as its variants. The first derived Pani VAT presents a novel way to construct non-local adversarial smoothness by employing patch-level interpolated perturbations. The second derived Pani MixUp method extends the MixUp, and achieves superiority over MixUp and competitive performance over state-of-the-art variants of MixUp method with a significant advantage in computational efficiency. Extensive experiments have verified the effectiveness of our Pani approach in both supervised and semi-supervised settings. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpolation

MQGrad: Reinforcement learning of gradient quantization in parameter server

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Cui, Guoxin Xu, Jun Zeng, Wei Lan, Yanyan Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of ComputingTechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

One of the most significant bottleneck in training large scale machine learning models on parameter server (PS) is the communication overhead, because it needs to frequently exchange the model gradients between the workers and servers during the training iterations. Gradient quantization has been proposed as an effective approach to reducing the communication volume. One key issue in gradient quantization is setting the number of bits for quantizing the gradients. Small number of bits can significantly reduce the communication overhead while hurts the gradient accuracies, and vise versa. An ideal quantization method would dynamically balance the communication overhead and model accuracy, through adjusting the number bits according to the knowledge learned from the immediate past training iterations. Existing methods, however, quantize the gradients either with fixed number of bits, or with predefined heuristic rules. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive quantization method within the framework of reinforcement learning. The method, referred to as MQGrad, formalizes the selection of quantization bits as actions in a Markov decision process (MDP) where the MDP states records the information collected from the past optimization iterations (e.g., the sequence of the loss function values). During the training iterations of a machine learning algorithm, MQGrad continuously updates the MDP state according to the changes of the loss function. Based on the information, MDP learns to select the optimal actions (number of bits) to quantize the gradients. Experimental results based on a benchmark dataset showed that MQGrad can accelerate the learning of a large scale deep neural network while keeping its prediction accuracies. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

Revisiting Cloud Migration: Strategies and Methods

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1575卷

作者： Zhixiao Wang Wenyao Yan Wendong Wang School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory Xi'an of Network Computing and Security Technology China School of Data Science and Computer Xi'an innovation college of Yan'an University Xi'an 710100 China Yan'an University Xi'an 716000 China

Cloud computing attracts users with its advantage of unlimited resource supply where resources can be elastically expanded on demand and balanced-load at the same time. This means that the application in the cloud environment should run in the way of elastic expansion cluster. At present, most of the elastic expansion and load balancing technologies provided by IaaS level are oriented to virtual machines (VM), with little consideration of application level, which does not fundamentally meet the needs of users. Based on this, starting from the motivation of cloud migration, we first analyse the cloud migration technology from three aspects: migration object, migration means and migration objectives, then explore the cloud migration criteria and four cloud migration strategies at the application level in the cloud environment, and point out that cloud migration should be optimized and maintained in terms of elastic expansion, load balancing, security, etc.

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Why Are There Six Degrees of Separation in a Social network?

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Physical Review X 2023年第2期13卷 021032-021032页

作者： I. Samoylenko D. Aleja E. Primo K. Alfaro-Bittner E. Vasilyeva K. Kovalenko D. Musatov A. M. Raigorodskii R. Criado M. Romance D. Papo M. Perc B. Barzel S. Boccaletti Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 9 Institutskiy Pereulok Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141701 Russia National Research University Higher School of Economics 6 Ulitsa Usacheva Moscow 119048 Russia Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Calle Tulipán s/n 28933 Móstoles Madrid Spain Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Laboratory of Mathematical Computation on Complex Networks and their Applications Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Calle Tulipán s/n Móstoles 28933 Madrid Spain P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 53 Leninsky Prospekt Moscow 119991 Russia Scuola Superiore Meridionale Largo S. Marcellino 10 80138 Napoli NA Italy Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration 84 Prospekt Vernadskogo Moscow 119606 Russia Caucasus Mathematical Center at Adyghe State University 208 Pervomayskaya Ulitsa Maykop Adygea 385000 Russia Moscow State University 1 Leninskie Gory Moscow 119991 Russia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science Buryat State University 5 Ulitsa Ranzhurova Ulan-Ude Buryatia 670000 Russia Data Complex Networks and Cybersecurity Research Institute Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Plaza Manuel Becerra 14 28028 Madrid Spain Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Ferrara Italy Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Maribor Koroška cesta 160 2000 Maribor Slovenia Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 404332 Taiwan Complexity Science Hub Vienna Josefstädterstraße 39 1080 Vienna Austria Alma Mater Europaea Slovenska ulica 17 2000 Maribor Slovenia Department of Physics Kyung Hee University 26 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Mathematics Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel The Gonda Multi

A wealth of evidence shows that real-world networks are endowed with the small-world property, i.e., that the maximal distance between any two of their nodes scales logarithmically rather than linearly with their size. In addition, most social networks are organized so that no individual is more than six connections apart from any other, an empirical regularity known as the six degrees of separation. Why social networks have this ultrasmall-world organization, whereby the graph’s diameter is independent of the network size over several orders of magnitude, is still unknown. We show that the “six degrees of separation” is the property featured by the equilibrium state of any network where individuals weigh between their aspiration to improve their centrality and the costs incurred in forming and maintaining connections. We show, moreover, that the emergence of such a regularity is compatible with all other features, such as clustering and scale-freeness, that normally characterize the structure of social networks. Thus, our results show how simple evolutionary rules of the kind traditionally associated with human cooperation and altruism can also account for the emergence of one of the most intriguing attributes of social networks.

关键词： Degree distributions network evolution Real world networks Small-world networks

H2O2-Responsive NIR-II AIE Nanobomb for Carbon Monoxide Boosting Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第36期134卷

作者： Gongcheng Ma Zhongke Liu Chunguang Zhu Prof. Huajie Chen Prof. Ryan T. K. Kwok Prof. Pengfei Zhang Ben Zhong Tang Prof. Lintao Cai Prof. Ping Gong Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Contribution: Data curation (lead) Validation (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Nano Science and Technology Institute University of Science & Technology of China Suzhou 215123 China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Investigation (equal) Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Contribution: Project administration (supporting) Resources (supporting) Supervision (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Methodology (equal) Project administration (lead) Resources (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (lead) School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Funding acquisition (equal) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead) Project administration (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - revi

Low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT), which circumvents the limitations of conventional PTT (e.g., thermotolerance and adverse effects), is an emerging therapeutic strategy which shows great potential for future clinical applications. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) can dramatically impair the therapeutic efficacy of PTT. Thus, inhibition of HSPs repair and reducing the damage of nearby normal cells is crucial for improving the efficiency of low-temperature PTT. Herein, we developed a nanobomb based on the self-assembly of NIRII AIE polymer PBPTV and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier polymer mPEG(CO). This smart nanobomb can be exploded in a tumor microenvironment in which hydrogen peroxide is overexpressed and release CO into cancer cells to significantly inhibit the expression of HSPs and hence improve the antitumor efficiency of the low-temperature PTT.

关键词： Aggregation Induced Emission Gas Therapy Heat Shock Protein NIR-II Photothermal Therapy

Research on Path Selection for Space network Based on Fuzzy Neural network

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Research on Path Selection for Space Network Based on Fuzzy ...

International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

作者： Yueyue Zhang Yunchi Shi Yihuan Pang Fei Shen Feng Yan Lianfeng Shen School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute Shanghai China Key Lab for Wireless Sensor Network and Communication Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

With the development of space communication technology, space network is gradually enhanced by distributed spacecraft. This novel architecture of space network brings new challenges on self-organization and self-adaptation to inter spacecraft communication and packet routing From the perspective of delay tolerant network. In This paper, we propose an efficient and flexible routing algorithm by taking consideration of the constraint of the limited payload resource. In order to meet the requirement of complex interactive information exchanged among the spacecraft, a path selection algorithm is designed based on cascade fuzzy neural network (FNN) scheme, which mainly consists of a FNN processing module with four parts, ie. fuzzification, inference, defuzzification and rule database. Therefore, the information concerning the relative movement velocity, distance and storage capacity of each satellite can be formulated as a multidimensional vector to describe the characteristics of the space network. Additionally, the stability of each link could be derived via the first-level FNN, and then the probability of successful transmission measuring each link would be obtained through the second-level FNN. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and verified by the simulation.

关键词： Fuzzy neural networks Space vehicles Routing Heuristic algorithms Encoding Convolutional codes Decoding

Recovery and repair schemes for shift-XOR regenerating codes

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Fu, Ximing Yang, Shenghao Xiao, Zhiqing School of Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China University of Science and Technology of China China School of Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong518172 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Systems and Wireless Network Technology Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong518172 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen Guangdong518172 China Tsinghua University

Recovery and repair schemes are proposed for shift-exclusive-or (shift-XOR) product-matrix (PM) regenerating codes, which outperform those of the existing PM codes in terms of both communication and computation costs. In particular, for the minimum bandwidth regenerating (MBR) codes, our recovery and repair schemes have the optimal transmission bandwidth, zero decoding auxiliary data space and lower time complexity;for the minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes, our recovery and repair schemes have smaller transmission bandwidth, smaller decoding auxiliary data space and lower time complexity. Moreover, our schemes involve only XOR operations in recovery and repair and are practical for system implementation. Technically, a procedure is first proposed for solving a system of shift-XOR equations, which plays a similar fundamental role as Gaussian elimination for solving systems of linear equations, and is of independent interest. The recovery and repair of shift-XOR MBR/MSR codes are then decomposed into a sequence of systems of shift-XOR equations, and hence can be solved by a sequence of calls to the procedure for solving a system of shift-XOR equations. As the decomposition of the recovery and repair depends only on the PM construction, but not the specific shift and XOR operations, our recovery and repair schemes can be extended to other MBR/MSR codes using the PM construction. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Matrix algebra

Developments and applications of the OPTIMADE API for materials discovery, design, and data exchange

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Evans, Matthew L. Bergsma, Johan Merkys, Andrius Andersen, Casper W. Andersson, Oskar B. Beltrán, Daniel Blokhin, Evgeny Boland, Tara M. Balderas, Rubén Castañeda Choudhary, Kamal Díaz, Alberto Díaz García, Rodrigo Domínguez Eckert, Hagen Eimre, Kristjan Montero, María Elena Fuentes Krajewski, Adam M. Mortensen, Jens Jørgen Duarte, José Manuel Nápoles Pietryga, Jacob Qi, Ji de Jesús Trejo Carrillo, Felipe Vaitkus, Antanas Yu, Jusong Zettel, Adam de Castro, Pedro Baptista Carlsson, Johan Cerqueira, Tiago F.T. Divilov, Simon Hajiyani, Hamidreza Hanke, Felix Jose, Kevin Oses, Corey Riebesell, Janosh Schmidt, Jonathan Winston, Donald Xie, Christen Yang, Xiaoyu Bonella, Sara Botti, Silvana Curtarolo, Stefano Draxl, Claudia Cobas, Luis Edmundo Fuentes Hospital, Adam Liu, Zi-Kui Marques, Miguel A.L. Marzari, Nicola Morris, Andrew J. Ong, Shyue Ping Orozco, Modesto Persson, Kristin A. Thygesen, Kristian S. Wolverton, Chris Scheidgen, Markus Toher, Cormac Conduit, Gareth J. Pizzi, Giovanni Gražulis, Saulius Rignanese, Gian-Marco Armiento, Rickard Chemin des Étoiles 8 Louvain-la-Neuve1348 Belgium Matgenix SRL 185 Rue Armand Bury Gozée6534 Belgium École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Avenue de Forel 3 Lausanne1015 Switzerland Institute of Biotechnology Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Sauletekio av. 7 VilniusLT-10257 Lithuania SINTEF P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden TrondheimNO-7465 Norway Materials Design and Informatics unit Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Sweden Baldiri i Reixac 10-12 Barcelona08028 Spain Tilde Materials Informatics Straßmannstraße 25 Berlin10249 Germany Materials Platform for Data Science Sepapaja 6 Tallinn15551 Estonia Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120 Complejo Industrial Chihuahua Chihuahua Chih. 31136 Mexico Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Center for Extreme Materials Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne1015 Switzerland Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Chihuahua31125 Mexico Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States National Institute for Materials Science 1-2-1 Sengen Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Dassault Systèmes Germany GmbH Am Kabellager 11-13 Cologne51063 Germany CFisUC Department of Physics University of Coimbra Rua Larga Coimbra3004-516 Portugal Dassault Systèmes 22 Science Park CB4 0FJ United Kingdom Theory of Condensed Matter Cavendis

The Open databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a growing federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data. Since the first release of the OPTIMADE specification (v1.0), the API has undergone significant development, leading to the v1.2 release, and has underpinned multiple scientific studies. In this work, we highlight the latest features of the API format, accompanying software tools, and provide an update on the implementation of OPTIMADE in contributing materials databases. We end by providing several use cases that demonstrate the utility of the OPTIMADE API in materials research that continue to drive its ongoing development. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Electronic data interchange