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Strategies for industrial-grade seawater electrolysis: from electrocatalysts and device design to techno-economic analysis

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NANOSCALE 2025年第18期17卷 11101-11132页

作者： Wang, Yuqing Li, Feng Zhao, Luoyin Wang, Yuchen Yang, Guang Tian, Jinyan Heng, Shuaibing Sun, Xuewen Zhao, Jianxu Chen, Minghua Chen, Qingguo Harbin Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn Key Lab Engn Dielect & Applicat Minist Educ Harbin 150080 Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Coll Design & Engn Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore Harbin Engn Univ Coll Intelligent Syst Sci & Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Baicheng Power Supply Co State Grid Jilin Elect Power Co Ltd Baicheng 137000 Jilin Peoples R China

Seawater electrolysis offers a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production, utilizing abundant seawater to meet global energy demands while addressing environmental concerns. However, challenges such as inefficiencies, high costs, and reliance on noble metal catalysts hinder its practical implementation. This review examines the fundamental mechanisms of seawater electrolysis, focusing on the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) at industrial-scale current densities. key strategies for catalyst design, including interfacial engineering, structural optimization, and improved mass and electron transport, to enhance efficiency and stability are discussed. Additionally, device architecture and techno-economic considerations are explored to facilitate scalable, cost-effective deployment. By providing insights into advanced materials and system innovations, this review outlines pathways for integrating seawater electrolysis into large-scale sustainable energy solutions.

关键词： Structural optimization

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A probabilistic stress-strain relationship model for steel bars including the non-uniform corrosion effects in chloride environments

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CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 2025年 22卷

作者： Zhang, Qin Guo, Xinguo Zhao, Haitao Hu, Dongkang Gu, Xianglin Li, Rongqing Hohai Univ Coll Civil & Transportat Engn Nanjing 210024 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Key Lab Performance Evolut & Control Engn Struct Minist Educ Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Nantong 226000 Peoples R China CCCC Water Planning & Design Inst Co Ltd Beijing 100007 Peoples R China

An accelerated corrosion test followed by a monotonic tensile test was conducted on 66 groups of steel bar specimens with varying design parameters and the effects of key factors such as corrosion levels, steel bar diameters and corrosion conditions on the non-uniform corrosion and mechanical properties of the steel bars were analyzed emphatically. Based on the test results and probability theory, the non-uniformity of corrosion for corroded steel bars was statistically analyzed, and a probability model of stress-strain relationship of corroded steel bars considering the influences of non-uniform corrosion was further established. The findings indicated that there is non-uniform corrosion along the length of corroded steel bars, which led to irregular corrosion pits on the surface of steel bars. The non-uniformity of corrosion in small-diameter steel bars varies under different corrosion conditions, whereas large-diameter steel bars show little variation in non-uniformity of corrosion across various conditions. The degradation of mechanical properties of steel bars is most notably influenced by the corrosion levels, while the influences of corrosion conditions and the diameters of steel bars on the degradation of the mechanical properties are relatively insignificant. The proposed probability-based model, including the uncertainty effects triggered by the non-uniformity of corrosion, can effectively predict the stress- strain relationship of corroded steel bars based on specified probability requirements.

关键词： Non-uniform corrosion Steel bars Mechanical properties Stress-strain relationship Probability-based model

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Mechanism of acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of levoglucosan: Formation of anhydro-disaccharides

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FUEL 2023年第1期345卷

作者： He, Ben Yu, Yun Gong, Xun Liu, Shuai Tian, Hong Leng, Erwei Hunan Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Changsha 410082 Peoples R China Quanzhou Hunan Univ Innovat Inst Ind Design & Machine Intelligence Quanzhou 362006 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Coal Combust Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China State Grid Hunan Elect Power Corp Res Inst Hunan Prov Key Lab Efficient & Clean Thermal Power Changsha 410007 Peoples R China Changsha Univ Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Changsha 410114 Peoples R China

Levoglucosan is an important primary product in the pyrolysis of cellulose. Through density functional theory DFT calculation, this work theoretically investigates the possible reactions mechanisms of the polymerization of levoglucosan to generate various alpha and beta linkages (including 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-glycosidic bond) anhydro-disaccharides and beta-d-glucose under the catalysis of H2SO4. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis reveals that for the polymerization without catalysis, anhydro-disaccharides with beta linkages are most likely to be generated by direct polymerization of two molecules of levoglucosan, while different anhydro-disaccharides with alpha linkages are most likely to be generated by different reaction mechanisms. The Gibbs free energy barriers Delta G double dagger of the rate-determining steps for the generation of anhydro-disaccharides and beta-d-glucose increase with temperature, and the reactions are exothermic, suggesting that they prefer to occur at low pyrolysis temperatures. The addition of H2SO4 catalysis drastically reduces the Delta G double dagger of various reactions by 108.3-216.1 kJ/mol at 400 K and promotes the production of various anhydro-disaccharides and beta-d-glucose. The electron localization function and Mayer bond level analysis reveal that H2SO4 participates in the reaction mainly through the hydrogen protons in the hydroxyl group and the lone pair electrons in the oxygen atom. The strong proton transfer ability of H2SO4 makes it a strong catalyst. And due to the longer S-O bond in H2SO4 than the O-H bond in H2O, H2SO4 performs more capable of breaking spatial barriers, which can substantially reduce the Delta G double dagger for the formation of anhydro-disaccharides with alpha linkages.

关键词： Levoglucosan pyrolysis H2SO4 Polymerization Anhydro-disaccharides Catalytic mechanism Density functional theory

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A Crowd Load Model for Structural Vibration Evaluation of Building Cover in a Large-Span Railway Station

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KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2024年第11期28卷 5033-5045页

作者： Liang, Huiqi Huo, Tianhao Xie, Wenbo Hong, Qiang Zhang, Zhiqiang Wei, Peizi Lu, Yijing Southeast Univ Sch Civil Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Concrete & Prestressed Concrete Struct Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China China Architecture Design & Res Grp Beijing 100044 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Engn Consulting Co Nanjing 210036 Peoples R China

With the application of large-span building covers in high-speed railway stations, the issue of structural vibration comfort induced by crowd walking has aroused the attention of researchers. The randomness of the crowd flow on large-span building covers, combined with the conventional method adopting the worst load case to evaluate the human-induced structural vibration, leads to larger response results and a significant deviation from the actual scenario. In this study, a novel crowd-load model considering the inherent dual randomness associated with the trajectory of the crowd and walking load is proposed. It is developed by integrating the social force model with a random single person walking load. In addition, a corresponding framework for structural vibration calculation is proposed as well. Three crowd-loading models are established, accounting for randomness, by combining with the finite element model of the thin plate structure. The vibration response of the floor slab under crowd excitation was assessed in the waiting hall of Xiong'an high-speed railway station. Numerical simulation calculations were performed, comparing the results for three different types of crowd load. The findings indicate a significant reduction in the vibration response of the large-span waiting hall when employing the load model incorporating the social force model. This serves as a correction to the overly conservative nature of the conventional load model.

关键词： Large-span building covers Structural vibration serviceability Crowd walking Randomness Social force model Vibration response Human-induced vibration

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Polarization properties in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs at mid-infrared frequencies

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2022年第9期30卷 14748-14758页

作者： Cai, Ming Liu, Hongxia Wang, Shulong Wang, Yindi Wang, Dong Zhao, Dongyan Guo, Wei Xidian Univ Sch Microelect Key Lab Wide Band Gap Semicond Mat & Devices Educ Xian 710071 Peoples R China Beijing Smart Chip Microelect Technol Co Ltd State Grid Key Lab Power Ind Chip Design & Anal T Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

The plasmon resonances of grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs can occur in wide frequency regions at mid-infrared frequencies. However, the lack of polarization properties research in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs prevents the application potential. In order to solve the problem, the polarization properties in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs at mid-infrared frequencies were studied in the paper. After using the optical transfer matrix method to calculate the dispersion curves in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs, the plasmon polaritons in conductive channel and phonon polaritons in GaN layer occur under TM incident waves rather than TE incident waves. The phenomenon illustrates the potential of polarization-selectivity has existed in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs. To study the polarization properties of grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMB in detail, the electric field distribution and transmission properties of the structure were simulated in COMSOL. The results show the excellent polarization-selectivity at mid-infrared frequencies in grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs. The studies of these characteristics indicate the vast potential for using grating-gated AlN/GaN HEMTs to design mid-infrared polarizers, mid-infrared polarization state modulators and other devices in the future. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Chemical vapor deposition Finite element method Magnetic fields Matrix methods Phase modulation Phase shift

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Alloying and confinement effects on hierarchically nanoporous CuAu for efficient electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of terminal alkynes

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第1期15卷 5999页

作者： Meng, Linghu Kao, Cheng-Wei Wang, Zhen Ma, Jun Huang, Peifeng Zhao, Nan Zheng, Xin Peng, Ming Lu, Ying-Rui Tan, Yongwen Hunan Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Adv Design & Mfg Technol Vehicle Bod Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan Hunan Univ Coll Mech & Vehicle Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd Elect Power Res Inst North China Elect Power Kunming 650217 Yunnan Peoples R China

Electrocatalytic alkynes semi-hydrogenation to produce alkenes with high yield and Faradaic efficiency remains technically challenging because of kinetically favorable hydrogen evolution reaction and over-hydrogenation. Here, we propose a hierarchically nanoporous Cu50Au50 alloy to improve electrocatalytic performance toward semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. Using Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we find that Au modulate the electronic structure of Cu, which could intrinsically inhibit the combination of H* to form H2 and weaken alkene adsorption, thus promoting alkyne semi-hydrogenation and hampering alkene over-hydrogenation. Finite element method simulations and experimental results unveil that hierarchically nanoporous catalysts induce a local microenvironment with abundant K+ cations by enhancing the electric field within the nanopore, accelerating water electrolysis to form more H*, thereby promoting the conversion of alkynes. As a result, the nanoporous Cu50Au50 electrocatalyst achieves highly efficient electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation of alkynes with 94% conversion, 100% selectivity, and a 92% Faradaic efficiency over wide potential window. This work provides a general guidance of the rational design for high-performance electrocatalytic transfer semi-hydrogenation catalysts. Electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation to alkenes is challenging due to the hydrogen evolution competing reaction and over-hydrogenation. Here, the authors report Cu50Au50 alloy for high selectivity towards styrene production.

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Low-carbon scheduling of electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plant by using photovoltaic system

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024年 933卷 173062页

作者： Shao, Qing Li, Chaojing Yi, Yiyi Xie, Yuxiang Wei, Jia Gong, Qingwu Liu, Zizheng Chen, Yiqun Xie, Xiaolong Wuhan Univ Sch Civil Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Elect Engn & Automat State Key Lab Power Grid Environm Protect Hubei Engn & Technol Res Ctr AC DC Intelligent Dis Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Wuhan Municipal Engn Design & Res Inst Co Ltd Wuhan 430023 Peoples R China

Sewage treatment as a high energy consumption industry, its electricity consumption accounts for 3 % of the total electricity consumption of society. That means significant greenhouse gas emissions. In the context of China's goal of "reaching carbon peak by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060", reducing the energy consumption of wastewater treatment systems has emerged as an important issue in recent years. In this paper, the GPS-X simulation software was employed to conduct a simulation study of a modified Anoxic-Aerobic-Oxic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Wuhan, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to ascertain the interactive effects of DO, IRF, ERR, and SD on the effluent quality, thereby identifying the operational parameters that minimize energy consumption while maintaining satisfactory effluent quality. Additionally, the PVsyst software was employed to design the solar power generation system of the WWTP and analyze its power generation potential. On this basis, through the coupling of photovoltaic power, electricity load, time-of-use pricing, and the water quality simulation model, and taking the WWTP data in September as a case study, the electricity usage strategies under various illumination conditions were formulated. The aim is to maximize the use of photovoltaic power to reduce the cost and carbon emissions of the WWTP. The results show that the optimal combination of operational parameters, including an external reflux ratio of 0.3, the internal recycle flow of 50,000 m 3 /d, and the sludge discharge of 448 m 3 /d, resulted in a reduction in power of 208.5 kW, and after the combination optimization of operational parameters and electricity utilization, the operation cost of the WWTP in September was reduced by 40 % - 60 %, and the carbon emission attributable to electricity was reduced by 30 % - 50 %.

关键词： GPS-X software Response surface methodology Distributed photovoltaic power generation system Carbon emission reduction power dispatching

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Fabrication of composite solid electrolyte based on MOF with functional ionic liquid for integrated lithium-air batteries

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IONICS 2023年第5期29卷 1803-1812页

作者： Lou, Ping Li, Long Wu, Yiyun Yue, Lingping Wang, Yao Tang, Shun Zhang, Weixin Cao, Yuancheng State Grid Huzhou Elect Power Supply Co Huzhou 313000 Peoples R China Shenzhen Coll Int Educ Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China Huzhou Elect Power Design Inst Co Ltd Huzhou 313000 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn State Key Lab Adv Electromagnet Engn & Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Li-air battery-based solid electrolyte can better protect the lithium anode from the corrosion of other components and effectively block the risk of ignition and explosion caused by the lithium dendrite penetrating the dielectric layer. In this work, Li-containing ionic liquid (Li-IL) is absorbed in NH2-MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to form a functional filler and further incorporated the filler into polyethylene oxide (PEO) to fabricate composite solid electrolyte (Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO). The lithium anode and the air cathode were modified with Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO, and the integrated solid-state Li-air batteries were prepared by roller pressing. Taking advantage of nanostructured Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr), fast lithium-ion transportation is achieved in the bulk and across the electrode/electrolyte interface. As a result, the ionic conductivity of the Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO reaches 3.1 x 10(-4) S/cm, the Li-air battery using the Li-IL@NH2-MIL-101(Cr)/PEO as solid electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacity of 11,682 mAh/g and remarkable cycling stability of 122 cycles.

关键词： Li-air battery MOF Ionic liquids Composite solid electrolyte Integrated

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IEEE 802.11ax Meet Edge Computing: AP Seamless Handover for Multi-Service Communications in Industrial WLAN

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2023年第3期20卷 3396-3412页

作者： Shao, Sujie Zheng, Juntao Zhong, Cheng Lu, Pengcheng Guo, Shaoyong Bu, Xiande Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China State Grid Hebei Elect Power Co Ltd Xiongan New Dist Power Supply Co Plan & Design Ctr Xiongan 071600 Hebei Peoples R China Global Energy Interconnect Res Inst Co Ltd Informat & Commun Res Inst Nanjing 210003 Peoples R China

IEEE 802.11ax, as a new generation of wireless local area network (WLAN) standard, has great development potential for multi-service access in industrial WLAN with its characteristics of low-cost, quick-deployment and high-efficiency. However, it still faces the problem of quick and efficient access point (AP) seamless handover for multi-service communications due to terminal mobility and channel degradation. To solve the problem, combining the characteristics of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology and multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology, this paper firstly proposes an edge computing based IEEE 802.11ax multi-service bearer mechanism by dynamically allocating channel resource units (RUs). Secondly, a multi-service AP seamless handover mechanism based on edge computing is proposed, which consists of a channel scanning delay optimization method based on virtual AP sentinel, a handover trigger judgment algorithm considering mobility and RU reallocation, a multi-objective optimized AP handover model considering load balancing, transmission rate optimization and handover cost minimization with service attributes. Finally, we propose a multi-service AP seamless handover algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) to get optimized handover making-decision. Simulation results show that the proposed handover mechanism can reduce the handover delay significantly while realizing seamless handover accurately in multi-service industrial WLAN.

关键词： IEEE 802.11ax edge computing seamless handover OFDMA & MU-MIMO virtual AP sentinel

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Enhanced cloud removal via temporal U-Net and cloud cover evolution simulation

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： Tong, Qingwei Wang, Leiguang Dai, Qinling Zheng, Chen Zhou, Fangrong Southwest Forestry Univ Coll Big Data & Intelligent Engn Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Southwest Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture & Hort Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Southwest Forestry Univ Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Forestry & E Kunming Peoples R China Southwest Forestry Univ Coll Art & Design Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Math & Stat Kaifeng Peoples R China Henan Univ Inst Appl Math Henan Engn Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Theory Kaifeng Peoples R China Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd Elect Power Res Inst Joint Lab power remote sensing technol China Southern Power Grid Kunming Yunnan Peoples R China

Remote sensing images are indispensable for continuous environmental monitoring and Earth observations. However, cloud occlusion can severely degrade image quality, posing a significant challenge for the accurate extraction of ground information. Existing cloud removal techniques often suffer from incomplete cloud removal, artifacts, and color distortions. Owing to the scarcity of sequential data, the effective utilization of temporal information to enhance cloud removal performance poses a challenge. Therefore, we propose a cloud removal method based on cloud evolution simulation. This method is applicable to all paired cloud datasets, enabling the construction of cloud evolution time-series in the absence of actual temporal information. We embed temporal information from the sequence into the Temporal U-Net to achieve more accurate cloud predictions. We conducted extensive experiments on RICE and T-CLOUD datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach significantly improves the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) compared with existing methods.

关键词： Remote sensing image Cloud removal Cloud cover evolution (CCE) module Temporal U-Net Residual learning

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