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Enabling Highly Efficient Eigen-Analysis of Large Delayed Cyber-Physical power systems by Partial Spectral Discretization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power systemS 2020年第2期35卷 1499-1508页

作者： Mou, Qianying Ye, Hua Liu, Yutian Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

The existing spectral discretization-based methods (SDMs) are capable of accurately computing critical eigenvalues of large power systems when time delays in wide-area damping control loops are considered. However, SDMs suffer from huge dimension of the discretized matrices of spectral operators, which is usually dozens of times of actual system states. To resolve the problem, an idea of partial spectral discretization (PSD) is proposed in this paper where only the retarded state variables instead of all system states are discretized. Following the PSD idea, a partial and explicit infinitesimal generator discretization (PEIGD) method is presented for highly efficient eigen-analysis of large closed-loop delayed cyber-physical power system (DCPPS). In contrast to the original EIGD method, the order of the resultant discretized matrix of the infinitesimal generator is greatly reduced and close to the number of actual state variables. The computational burden of PEIGD can be an order of magnitude less than that of EIGD and nearly the same as eigen-analysis of a system without time delay. Moreover, PEIGD is endowed with exactly the same accuracy as EIGD in capturing critical oscillation modes. Both theoretical analyses and intensive tests on the 16-generator 68-bus test system as well as a 516-bus and a 33028-bus real-life large power systems verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.

关键词： Cyber-physical power system eigen-analysis order reduction small signal stability spectral discretization time delay wide-area damping control wide-area measurement system

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Efficient Estimation and Characteristic Analysis of Short-Circuit Currents for MMC-MTDC Grids

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2021年第1期68卷 258-269页

作者： Ye, Hua Gao, Shilin Li, Guanqun Liu, Yutian Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

Short-circuit current calculation and its characteristic analysis are the foundation of selecting circuit breakers and designing protection systems. First, a companion circuit-based method is presented to fast calculate the short-circuit current of asymmetric bipolar modular multilevel converter-based multiterminal direct current (MMC-MTDC) grids. With the reduction of the whole MTDC grid into an equivalent RLC circuit, the short-circuit current of the grid is efficiently and accurately solved by companion circuit method instead of the numerical integration. In addition to the efficiency, the proposed method can readily adapt to various types of MTDC grids and all kinds of dc faults. Second, unique short-circuit current characteristics of a bipolar MTDC grid following different types of dc faults are theoretically analyzed. A fault type discrimination method is then proposed for bipolar MMC-MTDC grids with dedicated metallic return. Finally, intensive numerical results of two MTDC grids validate the accuracy, adaptability, and efficiency of the presented dc grid short-circuit current calculation method as well as the correctness of the short-circuit current characteristic analyses.

关键词： Companion circuit method modular multi-level converter (MMC) multiterminal direct current (MTDC) grid short-circuit current voltage source converter (VSC)

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Adaptive Online Disturbance Location Considering Anisotropy of Frequency Propagation Speeds

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power systemS 2016年第2期31卷 931-941页

作者： Zhang, Hengxu Shi, Fang Liu, Yutian Terzija, Vladimir Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan Shandong Peoples R China

Online disturbance location is of significant importance to wide-area response-based situational awareness, stability analysis and control of the power systems. This paper presents an adaptive online disturbance location method that considers the anisotropy of the frequency propagation speed (FPS). The method geographically partitions the studied power system into several different regions offline. It then extracts the FPS vector for events occurring in each region. The method uses one event simulation for each region. The online simulations take into account changes in the generation, load and power grid topology. The location of the disturbance in each region is estimated specifically based on the speed vector of the region. Parallel computing is used to accelerate the estimation procedure. A part of the North and Central China interconnected power grid, which covers 7 provinces, is selected as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed disturbance location method and to analyze the speedup properties of the parallel computing.

关键词： Dynamic frequency responses disturbance location parallel computing phasor measurement unit (PMU) power system

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A Novel Busbar Protection Method Based on Polarity Comparison of Superimposed Current

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power DELIVERY 2015年第4期30卷 1914-1922页

作者： Song, Shenglan Zou, Guibin Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a novel busbar protection method based on the polarity comparison of superimposed current. Analysis shows that all lines connected to the faulted busbar have the same polarities for the superimposed currents in case of an internal fault to busbar;but for a fault occurring on any one of these lines, the polarity on the faulted line is opposite of those on healthy lines. According to this important characteristic, the busbar protection criterion can be established. To improve the reliability of the busbar protection method, waveforms of superimposed currents are integrated within a short time after the fault. Moreover, a new phase-mode transformation matrix is proposed to realize that single aerial modulus can reflect all fault types. A real 500-kV substation busbar model was built in PSCAD to evaluate the performance of busbar protection. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protection method has good adaptability, fast operation speed, and high reliability. In addition, its performance is rarely influenced by the fault initial conditions, series compensation, and CT saturation, etc.

关键词： Busbar protection current-transformer (CT) saturation polarity comparison series compensation superimposed current

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Enhancing optimal excitation control by adaptive fuzzy logic rules

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2014年第Dec.期63卷 226-235页

作者： Zhang, Hengxu Shi, Fang Liu, Yutian Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

Generator excitation system plays an important role in maintaining power system stability. A new fuzzy control strategy is introduced to enhance excitation control by online coordinating Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and power system Stabilizer (PSS) control tunnels. The method automatically adjusts the weights of the AVR tunnel and PSS tunnel on-line according to different operating conditions by a set of fuzzy logic rules, aiming to improve the overall optimal excitation control performance by the coordination of voltage control and dynamic stability control. The requirements of excitation control in different circumstances are studied, and the fuzzy rules of the coordination are presented. The structure of the presented controller is simple and clear while the conventional design methods in AVR and PSS control tunnels can be kept without change. Numerical simulation results on two cases under different disturbances demonstrate that the proposed controller can get a good performance for a variety of the operating conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) power system Stabilizer (PSS) Excitation controller Fuzzy logic rules Coordination control

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Maximizing restorable load amount for specific substation during system restoration

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2012年第1期43卷 1213-1220页

作者： Qu, Hanbing Liu, Yutian Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ Jinan 250061 Peoples R China

During power system restoration, the maximum load amount that a substation can pick up at one time is a critical parameter to be determined. Many factors should be considered, such as frequency constraint, transient voltage-dip constraint, steady-state voltage constraint and cold load pickup. This paper proposes a mathematical model for calculating the maximum restorable load amount, in which proper checking methods are presented to deal with these constraints. Frequency deviation is calculated by the average system frequency model. The transient voltage-dip constraint is dealt with by a fast estimation. Cold load pickup characteristics are addressed according to a simple guideline. And a modified bisection algorithm is proposed to solve the complex problem efficiently. The effectiveness is demonstrated by case studies performed on the IEEE 14-bus system and a practical power system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： power system restoration Load restoration Transient voltage-dip constraint Average system frequency model Bisection algorithm

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A novel protection method for VSC-MTDC cable based on the transient DC current using the S transform

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2018年 97卷 299-308页

作者： Zhao, Pu Chen, Qing Sun, Kongming Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan Shandong Peoples R China

Voltage source converter based multi-terminal high voltage DC (VSC-MTDC) transmission technology is attracting more and more research. In this paper, a phase-mode transform method for bipolar DC cable is proposed to decouple the currents in the cables and the characteristic of the transient DC currents after faults are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a novel DC cable protection method is proposed. Firstly, the frequency components of the mode currents are extracted by the S transforms, and the sudden change points of the high frequency components are extracted to detect the fault and determine the fault time. Then the magnitudes of the zero frequency components are employed to ignore the disturbances. Finally, the internal faults are identified from the external faults by the polarities of the fault current components at the two terminals of the DC cable. A three-terminal VSC-MTDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC, and various faults are simulated to verify the proposed method. The simulation results show that this protection method can recognize the internal faults under different fault resistance and distance conditions rapidly and effectively.

关键词： DC cable protection Phase-mode transform Transient DC current The S transform VSC-MTDC

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Active power Coordination for a Large Population of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters Based on Mean Field Games Theory

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 90052-90064页

作者： Xu, Nuo Chu, Xiaodong Ye, Hua Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ Jinan 250100 Peoples R China

In a grid with a high proportion of renewable energy, the coordinated control between grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters becomes crucial for maintaining aspects such as frequency and voltage regulation. This paper presents a decentralized competitive power coordination scheme, designed for a large-scale networked inverter system based on the Mean Field Games (MFG) concept. This scheme effectively harmonizes GFM and GFL inverters to achieve both frequency recovery and active power distribution within the distribution network. Each inverter devises its optimal active power control strategy by maximizing a frequency-constrained revenue function. Through the market price, each inverter's control strategy influences others' strategies. Importantly, this scheme simplifies the interaction among inverters by averaging the impacts generated by each inverter's control strategies. For the MFG control scheme, a decentralized policy iteration algorithm is proposed, eliminating the need for information exchange between inverters and significantly decreasing the communication burden. The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is corroborated using the IEEE 33 test system.

关键词： Active power coordination frequency regulation grid-forming grid-following mean field games

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Calculation of optimal load margin based on improved continuation power flow model

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2018年 94卷 225-233页

作者： Dong, Xiaoming Wang, Chengfu Yun, Zhihao Han, Xueshan Liang, Jun Wang, Yiming Zhao, Penghui Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250014 Shandong Peoples R China

This study proposed an improved continuation power flow (CPF) model to calculate the load margin for voltage stability. A self-adjusting step-size controlling scheme of CPF, which is based on the iterations in the corrector and the reactive power reserve of generator buses, is presented. The load margin here is defined either by encountering the saddle node bifurcation (SNB) or the limit-induced bifurcation (LIB). To confirm the LIB, a rapid approach is proposed to calculate the sensitivity of voltage magnitude to reactive power injection change for load buses. Because CPF with distributed slack bus (DSB) could generate different load margin results corresponding to various allocations of imbalanced power, optimization techniques should be adopted in the search for maximizing the load margin. Therefore, the improved CPF is integrated with an evolutionary mechanism-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) method via coordinate transformation. Furthermore, parallel processing is deployed in the programming for high-performance computing. The case studies for the IEEE 5-bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Load margin Continuation power flow Step-size controlling Distributed slack bus Particle swarm optimization

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Modeling and Formulation of Delayed Cyber-Physical power system for Small-Signal Stability Analysis and control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power systemS 2019年第3期34卷 2419-2432页

作者： Ye, Hua Liu, Kehan Mou, Qianying Liu, Yutian Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China

Modeling and formulation of a delayed cyber-physical power system (DCPPS) are the basis of small-signal stability analysis and control synthesis of the system. First, a logic describing the interconnections between various systems of delayed differential algebraic equations (DDAEs) and delayed differential equations (DDEs) is established. It clearly shows the transformation of the most general DDAEs of the non-index-1 Hessenberg form to the widely used DDEs with finite terms of actual delays. Second, the DDAE model of the index-1 Hessenberg form is formulated in detail for DCPPS, which features in preserving the inherent sparsity in system's augmented state matrix. Exploiting the sparsity guarantees the scalability in stability analysis and controller design of a large DCPPS. Third, three delay merge properties are presented with complete proofs, which indicate that the feedback and control delays in one control loop can be treated as one single time delay. The properties facilitate modeling and formulating DCPPS. Last, numerical studies are carried out on a real-life large DCPPS with wide-area damping controllers embedded. Test results validate the correctness of the presented theoretical backgrounds.

关键词： Cyber-physical power system delayed differential algebraic equation delayed differential equation eigen-analysis small signal stability time delay wide-area damping control wide-area measurement system

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