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Distributed power management with adaptive scheduling horizons for more electric aircraft

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2021年第PartA期126卷 106581-106581页

作者： Zhang, Yicheng Chen, Jian Yu, Yang ASTAR Inst Infocomm Res I2R 1 Fusionopolis Way21-01 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

A more electric aircraft is expected to have low emissions, decreased fuel consumption, high efficiency, and low maintenance costs. To fully enjoy those benefits, major technical obstacles must be overcome first. In terms of power management, an increasing number of power electronic components used in aircraft power systems and their ever-increasing functional sophistication will lead to high modeling and computational complexities, making real-time power management a daunting challenge. To address this challenge, in this paper we will first propose a novel architecture for real-time power scheduling, which allows a user to easily incorporate fault diagnosis, stability analysis and power scheduling together, and then present a locally tactical power scheduling strategy based on a Lagrangian relaxation, which allows a user to adopt different computation techniques to undertake local computations within sub-systems in parallel to ensure good scalability of the distributed strategy. Moreover, the power scheduling is calculated based on an adaptive scheduling horizon to further reduce the computational complexity. Simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed distributed architecture, in particular, the optimality of the solution and the balanced computational complexity.

关键词： Energy management Electrical power system Distributed power scheduling Lagrangian relaxation Subgradient method Adaptive receding horizon

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Field experiment using transient energy method to locate a single-phase to ground fault

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Global Energy Interconnection 2020年第6期3卷 585-594页

作者： Wei Xie Xuewen Wang Chen Fang Hengxu Zhang Fang Shi Xiaodong Xing Baicong Sun State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company No.1122 Yuanshen RoadShanghai Scan for more details 200122P.R.China State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute No.80 Huangshan RoadChongqing 401123P.R.China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control(Ministry of Education) Shandong UniversityNo.17923 Jingshi RoadJinan 250061P.R.China State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Research Institute No.171 Handan RoadShanghai 200233P.R.China

Distribution networks in China and several other countries are predominantly neutral inefficiently grounding systems(NIGSs),and more than 80%of the faults in distribution networks are single-phase-to-ground(SPG)*** of the weak fault current and imperfect monitoring equipment configurations,methods used to determine the faulty line secti ons with SPG faults in NIGSs are in *** developme nt and application of distributi on-level phasor measurement units(PMUs)provide further comprehensive fault information for fault diagnosis in a distribution *** an SPG fault occurs,the transient energy of the faulted line section tends to be higher than the sum of the transient energies of other line *** this regard,transient energy-based fault location algorithms appear to be a promising *** this study,a field test plan was designed and implemented for a 10 kV distribution *** test results dem on strate the effective ness of the transient en ergy-based SPG locati on method in practical distributi on networks.

关键词： Sin gle-phase-to-gro und fault Fault location Neutral in efficiently groundi ng systems Distributi on n etwork Distribution-level PMU Transient energy.

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A novel directional pilot protection method for VSC-MTDC based on the initial forward and backward travelling wave head

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2019年 109卷 198-206页

作者： Jiang, Lingtong Chen, Qing Huang, Wudi Zeng, Yu Wang, Lei Zhao, Pu Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China Weifang Elect Power Co Weifang 261000 Shandong Peoples R China Jinan Elect Power Co Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China

This paper proposes a novel directional pilot protection for VSC-MTDC frequency-varying cable lines. Based on a new phase-mode transformation to decouple the bipolar DC cable, this paper utilizes the propagation time difference between 6-th mode forward and backward travelling wave to judge the faulty line and the polarity of 5-th mode current travelling wave to identify the faulty pole. Analysis of the reflection characteristics of the fault travelling wave at the cable terminal shows that (i) when an internal fault occurs, the protection device will detect the arrival of the forward and backward travelling wave simultaneously and (ii) when an external fault occurs, the arrival time difference between the forward and backward travelling wave is a nonzero value. A two-level voltage source converter based four-terminal DC system is modeled in PSCAD, and various faults are simulated to verify the proposed method. Numerous simulation results have indicated that the protection method is robust against noise, and has been tested successfully for fault resistance of up to 400 Omega. In addition, the algorithm has clear setting principles, lower sampling frequency, smaller calculation amount and faster operating speed. Only state signal is sent to the other side, so low communication speed can meet the requirement of relay protection and does not need the data synchronization seriously.

关键词： Directional pilot protection VSC-MTDC Time difference a trous algorithm Phase-mode transformation

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Modeling and control of Central Air Conditioning Loads for Peak Shaving

Modeling and Control of Central Air Conditioning Loads for P...

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2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2019

作者： Cheng, Dingyi Zhang, Wen Liu, Meng Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Key Laboratory of Power System Jinan China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108131

Peak shaving can be realized by applying appropriate control on central air conditioning loads due to their large proportion and thermal energy storage characteristics. Simplified model of single central air conditioner is established by analyzing its operating principle. Based on individual model, optimal control model of central air conditioning loads for participating in peak shaving is proposed. Objective is to obtain maximum loads of peak shaving. Constraints take peak shaving and users' comforts into consideration. It should be noted that this optimization model is a mixed integer linear programming and can be solved conveniently. Based on the test platform for central air conditioner, the correctness of individual model can be verified. The effectiveness of optimal control model for peak shaving is verified by simulation results. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Integer programming

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Quantitative Evaluation of Available Capacity of Series Battery Pack Based on Monte Carlo Simulation

Quantitative Evaluation of Available Capacity of Series Batt...

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IEEE Asia power and Energy Engineering Conference (APEEC)

作者： Miaoyan Shi Xiaohan Shi Zeyu Li Yawen Zhao Shijie Ren Lianlian Ding Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Jinan China Shandong Goldencell Electronics Technology Co. Ltd Zaozhuang China

ISBN: (数字)9781728167824

ISBN: (纸本)9781728167831

To obtain high-power and large-capacity, power battery system for EVs or energy storage battery system for power grid usually takes the pack form that connects hundreds or even thousands of cells in a series-parallel structure. Therefore, the inconsistency between cells becomes a key factor that affects the performance of the battery pack. To evaluate this impact, this paper propose a quantitative evaluation method from the statistical analysis by considering the impact of the cells' inconsistency on the battery pack performance as a stochastic process. Firstly, the available capacity is taken as the indicator of battery pack's performance and its probability distribution features is derived based on the probability distribution of cells' capacity, SOC and internal resistance. Then, the probability distribution function of available capacity and its numerical characteristics including expectation and variance are calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation in the case that the cells' parameters follow the normal distribution. The results of the theoretical analysis and the simulating calculation show that the available capacity of the battery pack follows Burr distribution with significant skewness and the expectation of pack's available capacity loss is in direct proportion to the variance of cells' parameters and is proportional to the power function of cells' number when cells' parameters are normally distributed.

关键词： keywords-lithium-ion battery inconsistency the Monte Carlo quantitative analysis capacity Battery Pack Effective Capacity Monte Carlo technique Quantitative Evaluation QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Inconsistency Probability distribution series-parallel evaluation method

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Liquid Metal Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink for Ultra-High Heat Flux Cooling

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Mingkuan Gao, Qi Zhao, Zhiyuan Guo, Luna Li, Xuan Zhang, Chao Zhang, Xudong Rao, Wei Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology China School of mechanical engineering Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin300134 China Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing Beijing100084 China CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences China Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics Beijing100190 China

The reduction in transistor dimensions and advancements in chip integration have led to a dramatic increase in the heat flux of chip. Advanced heat dissipation technology has become the pivotal in ensuring the normal operation of chips and fully utilizing chip performance. Room temperature liquid metal convection cooling technology has demonstrated its efficacy as a viable approach for addressing high heat flux heat dissipation. However, the smaller specific heat capacity of liquid metal leads to a large temperature rise, imposing a constraint on the progression of liquid metal cooling technology. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposed a liquid metal manifold channel structure designed to convert the continuous long-range flow into a segmented short-range flow. The good matching between liquid metal and manifold structures is adequately demonstrated through a comparison with alternative coolant and channel structure. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of liquid metal manifold channel cooling in dealing with a heat flux of 1000 W/cm², ensuring that the maximum temperature of the chip remains below 351.7 K. Moreover, the convective heat transfer coefficient even reaches 106 W/(m2·K), which is ten times larger than that of water conventional microchannel heat sink. The orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze how the structural parameters affect the dissipation performance, including the height of the microchannel, ratio of manifold length to fin length, length of fin in manifold, width of channel, and ratio of fin with to channel width. It concluded that the height of the microchannel has been identified as the most critical factor. This manifold structure mitigates the inherent limitation of the lower specific heat capacity of liquid metal, paving the way for effective thermal management of electronic devices subjected to ultra-high heat flux. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

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Applications of matrix perturbation theory to delayed cyber-physical power system

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2019年 107卷 507-515页

作者： Mou, Qianying Ye, Hua Liu, Yutian Gao, Lei Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ 17923 Jingshi Rd Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China China Elect Power Res Inst 15 Xiaoying East Rd Beijing 100192 Peoples R China

In this paper, the matrix perturbation theory is introduced to delayed cyber-physical power system (DCPPS) for analyzing the variations of eigenvalues and eigenvectors when small changes are imposed on system parameters and time delays. On one hand, a perturbation-based eigenvalue tracking method is presented to reliably track the targeted interarea oscillation modes so that wide-area damping controllers (WADCs) can be optimally designed to damp them. On the other hand, key factors affecting the accuracy of the solution operator discretization (SOD)-based eigenvalue computation methods for DCPPS are identified by matrix perturbation analysis, which provide a guidance for selecting suitable parameters to precondition the DCPPS. The study results on the 16-generator 68-bus test system validate the effectiveness of the two applications of matrix perturbation theory.

关键词： Cyber-physical system Eigen-analysis Eigenvalue tracking Matrix perturbation Spectral discretization Time delay Wide-area damping control Wide-area measurement system

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Double-Time-Scale Coordinated Voltage control in Active Distribution Networks Based on MPC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2020年第1期11卷 294-303页

作者： Guo, Yifei Wu, Qiuwei Gao, Houlei Huang, Sheng Zhou, Bin Li, Canbing Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Shandong Peoples R China Tech Univ Denmark Dept Elect Engn Ctr Elect & Energy DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Harvard Univ Sch Engn & Appl Sci Harvard China Project Cambridge MA 02138 USA Hunan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China

This paper proposes a double-time-scale coordinated voltage control scheme for distribution networks with distributed generators (DGs) based on model predictive control (MPC) to regulate the voltage profile across a network. The slow-time-scale control scheme is designed to correct long-term voltage deviations while reducing the number of actions of the on-load tap changer, step voltage regulators, and capacitor banks. The MPC problem is formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP). A tailored exaction solution method based on the branch-and-bound algorithm embedded with an alternating direction method of multiplier-based QP solver is developed to efficiently solve the MIQP problem. In the fast-time-scale control, the active and reactive power outputs of DGs are optimally coordinated to handle the fast voltage fluctuations as well as capture more renewable energy. An efficient analytical sensitivity calculation method is used to update the voltage sensitivities online. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme along with the exact solution method is verified on a modified real 20 kV distribution system.

关键词： Voltage control Reactive power Sensitivity Generators Quadratic programming Convex functions Standards Active distribution network alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) distributed generator (DG) mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model predictive control (MPC) voltage control

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Probability-Interval-Based Optimal Planning of Integrated Energy system With Uncertain Wind power

Probability-Interval-Based Optimal Planning of Integrated En...

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55th Annual IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial power systems Technical Conference (ICPS)

作者： Li, Zhe Wang, Chengfu Li, Bowen Wang, Jinyu Zhao, Penghui Zhu, Wenli Yang, Ming Ding, Ying Shandong Univ Sch Elect Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Rolls Royce Corp Lab Singapore 639798 Singapore State Grid Jibei Elect Power Co Ltd Beijing 100054 Peoples R China State Grid China Technol Coll Jinan 250002 Peoples R China

Owing to a higher energy supply efficiency and operational flexibility, integrated energy system (IES), including the power, heating, and gas systems, will be the primary form of energy supply in the future. However, with the increase of large-scale stochastic wind power integration, the IES planning will face a significant challenge as the traditional power system. Therefore, a probability-interval-based IES planning considering wind power integration is proposed in this article. First, a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) based probability-interval method is developed to describe the uncertain wind power. Second, beside traditional facilities, electricity storage system is introduced to improve the flexibility of IES. Then, an expansion planning model for IES is established to minimize the total cost including investment, operation, CVaR cost, and unserved energy cost. Moreover, the piecewise linearization method is used to deal with the nonlinear integral terms of the proposed model to improve the solution efficiency. Finally, IEEE14-NGS14 and IEEE118-NGS40 systems are constructed and the planning model is solved by GAMS/CPLEX. The numerical results illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Wind power generation Artificial neural networks Cogeneration Planning Pipelines power systems Numerical models Conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) electricity storage system (ESS) integrated energy system (IES) optimal planning uncertain wind power

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Circuit theory-based method for power loss estimation in distribution systems with distributed generator 8

Circuit theory-based method for power loss estimation in dis...

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8th Renewable power Generation Conference, RPG 2019

作者： Cui, Juntai Zhang, Li Zhang, Boyi Li, Keqiang Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Shandong University Jinan China State Grid Shandong Economic and Technological Research Institute Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781839531255

With the rapid developing of renewable energy, it has become a trend that a large number of distributed generations (DGs) integrate into distribution network. Existing distribution energy loss calculation method cannot quickly evaluate the effect of DGs on the distribution loss. To explore new method, the application of circuit theory-based loss calculation method is discussed in distribution network with DGs. Considering that DG has the ability of voltage regulation, namely it can play an important role in distribution voltage support, the grid connection nodes of DGs are equivalent to voltage source nodes, while the other load nodes are equivalent to current source nodes. Then the distribution loss are calculated in three parts: the loss caused by the voltage source alone, the loss caused by the single action of the current source, and the loss related to the both sources and network structure parameters. Loss calculation and discussion are done the 33-bus test distribution system with DGs. The applicability of the method in quickly evaluating the power loss of DG integrated distribution system is analysed and some valuable observation is also presented. © 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distributed power generation

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