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Load Shedding Model and Algorithm Based on Minimum power Outage Lose

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期687卷

作者： Yasong Wang Zenggong Cao Chunyi Wang Bo Peng Peng Du Yinglei Guo Zhen Wei Xiaoming Dong Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan Shandong Province 250061 China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan Shandong Province 250001 China Qingdao Electric Power Supply Company of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Qingdao Shandong Province 266002 China

This paper combines the power outage loss caused by load shedding with the optimization problem of load shedding during power shortage, and proposes a load shedding model that seeks the minimum power outage loss under the system's security and economic constraints. The model is a kind of optimal power flow. In order to reduce the complexity of solving the model, this paper adopts an improved linear programming algorithm to solve the model. With the help of Jacobian matrix, the objective function and constraints of the system are linearized and the linear optimal solution in the iterative space of control variables can be found. Through multiple iterations the scheme with the minimum power outage loss is obtained that satisfies various constraints while the total power generation cost of the system is minimized The correctness and superiority of the model and algorithm are verified in the IEEE14-bus system.

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Prediction of overhead transmission line ampacity based on extreme learning machine

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期617卷

作者： Xu Jin Fudong Cai Mengxia Wang Yang Sun Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250061 China Shandong Senter Electronic Co. Ltd. Zibo Shandong 255088 China Zibo Vocational institute Zibo Shandong 255314 China

Caused by the fluctuation of weather conditions, the transmission line ampacity varies with time. For power system operators, the accurate forecast results of overhead transmission lines ampacity are very important and helpful in making planning and control decisions. To assist the system operators in making better use of the transfer capability of transmission lines, it is urgent to improve the ampacity forecast results. In this paper, a novel method based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed to predict the ampacity. Taking the historical weather and ampacity data as the input data, an ELM-based method can predict the ampacity rapidly and accurately. Numerical simulations based on the recorded actual weather data around a transmission line validate the efficiency of the ELM-based ampacity forecast method.

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Interval Reliability Assessment of power system under Epistemic Uncertainty Based on Belief UGF Method

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017年第1期199卷

作者： Bolun Wang Yong Wang Ying Ding Ming Li Cong Zhang Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Shandong University Jinan 250061 China State Grid of China Technology College Jinan 250002 China State Grid Shan Dong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan 250002 Shandong Province China Shandong Zibo Power Supply Company Zibo 255032 Shandong Province China

At present, reliability assessment plays an important role in power systems. When the component failure probabilities are interval valued, common methods fail to achieve reasonable interval reliability assessment result of power systems. In this paper a novel approach based on the belief universal generating function (BUGF) is proposed to calculate the reliability indexes of power systems. Instead of giving a single-valued assessment result, a belief function and a plausibility function are exploited to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the loss of load probability (LOLP), the loss of load expectation (LOLE), the expected unsupplied load (EUL) and the expected unsupplied energy (EUE) in UGF, respectively. The proposed approach can track the correlation of the original data well and keep it to the end of the calculation. By using BUGF compared to other common methods to calculate the interval LOLP, LOLE, EUL, and EUE of IEEE-RTS 79, the results show the BUGF method can track the correlation of the original data well, and can get narrower and more accurate interval reliability indexes of the power generation system, which illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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A Method for system Reliability Evaluation Based on Inexact Interval Probability

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第2期1213卷

作者： Chen Li Li Wang Qiao Yu Meng Li Bolun Wang Yingjian Zhou Zhewen Zhang State Grid Qingdao Power Supply Company Qingdao 266000 Shandong Province China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd. Research Institute Nanjing 210000 Jiangsu Province China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and control of Ministry of Education (Shandong university) Jinan 250061 Shandong Province China

With a large number of new components and new technologies widely used in power system, the method of power equipment outage probability based on law of large number will no longer be applicable due to the lack of statistical data. This paper considers the high order uncertainty of component failure probability under the condition of small sample size and uses interval values to represent the reliability parameters of the component when carrying out the risk assessment of power system, and propose Belief Universal Generating Function by combining Universal Generating Function with Belief Function Theory. This method can effectively avoid over estimation in interval arithmetic and get a more accurate interval value of power system risk assessment index.

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Liquid Metal Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink for Ultra-High Heat Flux Cooling

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Mingkuan Gao, Qi Zhao, Zhiyuan Guo, Luna Li, Xuan Zhang, Chao Zhang, Xudong Rao, Wei Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology China School of mechanical engineering Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin300134 China Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing Beijing100084 China CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences China Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics Beijing100190 China

The reduction in transistor dimensions and advancements in chip integration have led to a dramatic increase in the heat flux of chip. Advanced heat dissipation technology has become the pivotal in ensuring the normal operation of chips and fully utilizing chip performance. Room temperature liquid metal convection cooling technology has demonstrated its efficacy as a viable approach for addressing high heat flux heat dissipation. However, the smaller specific heat capacity of liquid metal leads to a large temperature rise, imposing a constraint on the progression of liquid metal cooling technology. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposed a liquid metal manifold channel structure designed to convert the continuous long-range flow into a segmented short-range flow. The good matching between liquid metal and manifold structures is adequately demonstrated through a comparison with alternative coolant and channel structure. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of liquid metal manifold channel cooling in dealing with a heat flux of 1000 W/cm², ensuring that the maximum temperature of the chip remains below 351.7 K. Moreover, the convective heat transfer coefficient even reaches 106 W/(m2·K), which is ten times larger than that of water conventional microchannel heat sink. The orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze how the structural parameters affect the dissipation performance, including the height of the microchannel, ratio of manifold length to fin length, length of fin in manifold, width of channel, and ratio of fin with to channel width. It concluded that the height of the microchannel has been identified as the most critical factor. This manifold structure mitigates the inherent limitation of the lower specific heat capacity of liquid metal, paving the way for effective thermal management of electronic devices subjected to ultra-high heat flux. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

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Maintenance Scheduling of power Equipment Considering Opportunistic Maintenance Strategy

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第1期486卷

作者： Bo Xu Yumin Zhang Kongming Sun State Grid Energy Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 Shandong Province China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan 250003 Shandong Province China

This paper investigates the impact of opportunistic maintenance strategy on power equipment maintenance scheduling under economic dependence. The model focuses on power equipment with two types of failures: random failure and deterioration failure. Unlike previous research which didn't consider opportunistic maintenance between different failures modes, opportunistic maintenance strategy is proposed in this paper. In the opportunistic maintenance strategy, whenever random failure occurs, decision has to be made on whether deterioration failure is preventively maintained based on the degree of equipment deterioration and economic dependence. Firstly, Markov process is used to describe equipment state-space diagram. And then, in order to determine the optimal inspection rate, preventive maintenance threshold and opportunistic maintenance threshold of power equipment, the analytical expressions of inspection cost, maintenance cost, repair cost and outage cost are quantified. Finally, the total cost is minimized to get the optimal maintenance strategy. Case studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model.

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Emergency control Strategy for Line Overload Considering power Source and Load Fluctuation

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期687卷

作者： Zhiqing Liu Fei Wang Jifu Qiu Fan Chen Zhipeng Lu Ming Chen Qingda Niu Xiaoming Dong State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan Shandong Province 250001 China Dezhou Electric Power Supply Company of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Electric Power Company Dezhou Shandong Province 253011 China Qingdao Electric Power Supply Company of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Electric Power Company Qingdao Shandong Province 266002 China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan Shandong Province 250061 China

Uncertain factors such as the integration of renewable energy into the grid and load fluctuations have brought more risks to the safe dispatch of the grid. The random power flow is used to calculate the impact of distributed power sources and load fluctuations on the grid, and to quantify the probability distribution of line power, which can avoid the drawbacks of deterministic power flow that cannot fully reflect the line overload risk. Combining the line overload level with the traditional load shedding method can effectively prevent the system from cascading failures caused by the risk of line overload, improve the optimistic calculation results caused by the load shedding strategy in emergency situations that cannot consider source load fluctuations, and make the grid control more safe and reliable.

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Stackelberg Game Model of Wind Farm and Electric Vehicle Battery Switch Station

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017年第1期199卷

作者： Zhe Jiang Zhimin Li Wenbo Li Mingqiang Wang Mengxia Wang Department of Electrical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China. Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan 250003 China. Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Shandong University Jinan 250061 China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Global Energy Interconnection (Shandong) Jinan 250061 China.

In this paper, a cooperation method between wind farm and Electric vehicle battery switch station (EVBSS) was proposed. In the pursuit of maximizing their own benefits, the cooperation between wind farm and EVBSS was formulated as a Stackelberg game model by treating them as decision makers in different status. As the leader, wind farm will determine the charging/discharging price to induce the charging and discharging behavior of EVBSS reasonably. Through peak load shifting, wind farm could increase its profits by selling more wind power to the power grid during time interval with a higher purchase price. As the follower, EVBSS will charge or discharge according to the price determined by wind farm. Through optimizing the charging /discharging strategy, EVBSS will try to charge with a lower price and discharge with a higher price in order to increase its profits. Since the possible charging /discharging strategy of EVBSS is known, the wind farm will take the strategy into consideration while deciding the charging /discharging price, and will adjust the price accordingly to increase its profits. The case study proved that the proposed cooperation method and model were feasible and effective.

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State Estimation for Integrated Energy systems: Motivations, Advances, and Future Work

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IEEE Transactions on power systems 2024年

作者： Zhao, Junbo Srivastava, Ankur Guo, Ye Cetenovic, Dragan Lin, Yuzhang Levi, Victor Yin, Guanxiong Huang, Manyun Zhang, Tingting Li, Zhigang Chen, Yanbo Exposito, Antonio G. Zhang, Wen Zheng, Weiye Chakrabarti, Saikat Li, Yang Sharma, Ankush Kamwa, Innocent Guo, Qinglai Terzija, Vladimir Mili, Lamine University of Connecticut Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering StorrsCT06269 United States Tsinghua University Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen518055 China The University of Manchester Department of Eee ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak Čačak32000 Serbia New York University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NY11201 United States Tsinghua University Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Hohai University College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Nanjing210098 China Shandong University Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Ministry of Education Jinan250061 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen518172 China North China Electric Power University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Beijing102206 China University of Sevilla Spain Sevilla41092 Spain South China University of Technology School of Electrical Power Engineering Guangzhou510641 China Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Electrical Engineering Kanpur208016 India Northeast Electric Power University School of Electrical Engineering Jilin132012 China Laval University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering QuebecQCG1V 0A6 Canada Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Newcastle University School of Engineering Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Falls ChurchVA22043 United States

This paper summarizes the technical activities of a three-year-long IEEE Task Force (TF) on State Estimation (SE) for Integrated Energy systems (IES). It presents the formal definition and characteristics of IES, along with the comprehensive discussion on Electric power systems (EPS) model, and static and dynamic models associated with heating and natural gas systems. The paper also identifies the barriers of SE for IES, such as estimation modeling, observability analysis, and measurement requirements, together with addressing multi-scale dynamics. An extensive comparative analysis between Integrated Energy systems-State Estimation (IES-SE) and more established Electric power system-State Estimation (EPS-SE) is presented. The paper also provides future research needs and directions related to IES-SE. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： power system analysis

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