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Robust Consensus Based Secondary control for Microgrids Considering Communication Delay and Noises: A Kalman Filter Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Zhao, Qi Zhang, Wen Zhang, Tingting Chen, Jian Ye, Hua Shandong University Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250061 China Shandong University Shandong Research Institute of Industrial Technology Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250061 China

To achieve the frequency and voltage regulation as well as active and reactive power sharing, the consensus-based secondary controls of microgrids rely on communication network to exchange signals between neighbor inverters, which may be affected by the communication delay and noises. Unlike the existing methods that focus solely on communication delay, this paper proposes a Kalman filter-based robust consensus control to address the communication delay and noises comprehensively. Based on the discrete differential equation of the signal transmitted via communication network, the multi-step prediction model of the delayed signal is firstly built by considering the prediction errors. The state space model is then constructed by taking the predicted signals at each step as the state variables while the delayed and noise-involved signal and its differential value are seen as the measurements. A Kalman filter is further designed to comprehensively handle the communication delay, noises and prediction errors to estimate the true signal generated from neighbor inverters. With the estimated signals of all neighbor inverters, the consensus control is performed to coordinate the grid-following and grid-forming inverters within the microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with simulations and experiments performed on the modified IEEE-33 bus-based microgrid. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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TSO and DSO with large-scale distributed energy resources: A security constrained unit commitment coordinated solution

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY systemS 2020年第3期30卷 1-26页

作者： Nawaz, Aamir Wang, Hongtao Wu, Qiuwei Ochani, Manesh Kumar Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jingshi Rd 17923 Jinan 250000 Shandong Peoples R China Tech Univ Denmark Dept Elect Engn Ctr Elect Power & Energy DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Modern power system requires optimally coordinated operation between transmission and distribution systems due to large-scale integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). Commonly, transmission system operator (TSO) solves its own cost optimization problem and evaluates required targets for each distribution system operator (DSO). Thus, TSO problem becomes more complex and highly scaled with increase in number of connected distribution systems, which requires more computational time and resources. Therefore, this paper proposed a method to reduce computational burden on TSO and solve coordinated security constrained unit commitment (C-SCUC) problem by involving a coordinator in upper level hierarchy. Coordinator is required to solve system-wide problem to adjust targets for transmission system (TS) and all distribution systems (DS). Besides, TSO and DSO only need to solve their own cost optimization problems. In this paper, we have proposed analytical target cascading (ATC) along with hybridized particle swarm optimization with differential evolution (PSO-DE) for solving increased complexity of the coordinated problem. ATC provides coordination between transmission and distribution sections of power system while hybrid PSO-DE provides better accuracy of optimization in ATC layers. For evaluation of efficacy of proposed method, this paper has taken IEEE 118-bus system as TS and IEEE 33-bus system as DS. Results has depicted that proposed method could help TSO in reducing computational resources and improving computational time.

关键词： analytical target cascading differential evolution distribution system particle swarm optimization transmission system TSO-DSO coordination

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A Theoretical Loss Estimation Method for Distribution Network Based on Typical Equivalent Load Distribution Curve

A Theoretical Loss Estimation Method for Distribution Networ...

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IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)

作者： Yuxi Wang Xuekai Zhang Li Zhang Yijing Ren Xinyan Su Chenhao Ying Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Shandong University Jinan China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan China State Grid Qingdao Power Supply Company Jinan China School of Electrical Engineering Shandong University Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399677

In recent years, a large number of distributed resources are connected to the distribution grid, causing frequent fluctuation of net load at each point of the feeder. Such fluctuations bring great difficulties to technical loss calculation. To conquer this problem, this paper proposes a fast calculation method of technical loss of distribution networks based on typical equivalent load distribution curves. First, the equivalent load distribution curve is defined, and the method of establishing the equivalent load distribution curve is given. Then, the k-means algorithm based on the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to cluster the equivalent load distribution curves of feeders under various operating conditions. Moreover, this paper determines the typical equivalent load distribution. Finally, when the load and distributed generation are given, the correlation coefficient between the load and the typical equivalent load distribution is determined according to the corresponding equivalent load distribution curve, and the line loss estimation result can be quickly obtained by using the two typical load distribution curves with the strongest correlation. The proposed method is tested on IEEE 33 node distribution system. Simulation results indicate the proposed method can estimate the technical loss rapidly in a large range within a certain error range.

关键词： Correlation coefficient Fluctuations Simulation Asia Estimation Clustering algorithms Distribution networks

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Longitudinal Protection Method based on Voltage Waveform Comparison for AC / DC Hybrid system

Longitudinal Protection Method based on Voltage Waveform Com...

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2020 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial power system Asia, I and CPS Asia 2020

作者： Zhang, Hongzhe Cong, Wei Kong, Hao Chen, Ming Wei, Zhen Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control Shandong University Ministry of Education Jinan China Qingdao Power Supply Company State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Qingdao China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143033

When the tie line of the AC/DC hybrid system fails, the change of the electrical quantity on the inverter side is different from that of the traditional infinite AC power source. Sensitivity and reliability of traditional relay protection methods will be affected. A longitudinal protection method for AC / DC hybrid system based on voltage waveform comparison is proposed. The method bases on the conclusion that the waveform characteristics of the reference voltage and the measuring voltage are different in the case of internal and external faults, roughly determine the fault location through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Use longitudinal protection logic to give more accurate judgment results. The simulation results of PSCAD model show that the scheme in this paper can accurately identify the fault of the tie line of the AC/DC hybrid system, and has high reliability and good applicability. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Correlation methods

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A Hybrid Stochastic/Robust Planning Model for Integrated Energy system Considering Multiple Uncertainties

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APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND NONLINEAR SCIENCES 2023年

作者： Zhang, Xiaolei Zhang, Song Liu, Shuai Wang, Yanshuo Yang, Bo Wang, Yaolei Ding, Tianchi State Grid Shandong Elect Power Co Jinan 250001 Peoples R China Shandong Elect Power Engn Consulting Inst Jinan 250199 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Minist Educ Jinan 250061 Peoples R China State Grid Shandong Elect Power Co Econ & Technol Res Inst Jinan 250022 Peoples R China

Complex energy flows exist in integrated energy systems (IESs), and the optimal assignment of different energy sources has become a primary challenge in the initial stage of its construction. In addition, multiple uncertainties, such as wind power fluctuations and multiple energy load fluctuations, are not well-respected in IES planning. In order to solve the above problems, the generation expansion planning model in IES is proposed. In the model the uncertainties of renewable energy resources (RESs) are described by scenarios, while the power price and fuel price are described by intervals, and a stochastic/robust (S/R) optimization is established to minimize the sum of annual investment cost, operation cost and reliability cost. Based on duality theory, the proposed multi-level S/R optimization model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which can be solved using the CPLEX solver. The proposed model is tested on the IEEE 33-node distribution system with an 11-node cold-heat system. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed model are illustrated by case studies.

关键词： Dual theory generation expansion planning integrated energy system stochastic robust optimization

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Coordinated Voltage and Damping control of Synchronous Generator in Multimachine power system

Coordinated Voltage and Damping Control of Synchronous Gener...

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Workshop on Predictive control of Electrical Drives and power Electronics (PRECEDE)

作者： Hua Ye Lei Gao Hanxing Zhu Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665425582

Recently, automatic voltage regulator and power system stabilizer are widely used in the power system in China. However, the effectiveness of damping control is restricted by voltage control, which will lead to oscillation in exciter circuit when the gain of controllers reaches a certain value. To coordinate two controllers, the mechanism of oscillation in exciter circuit is reveal first, after that the relationship gain of two controllers is analyzed to illustrate the contradictory of voltage control and damping control, then a coordinated voltage and damping control method of synchronous generator is proposed. Finally, the correctness of the mechanism and proposed method is testified on two-machine system and four- machine system.

关键词： Damping Regulators Stability criteria power system stability control systems Synchronous generators power electronics

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A hierarchical clustering-based optimization strategy for active power dispatch of large-scale wind farm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL power & ENERGY systemS 2020年 121卷 106155-106155页

作者： Lin, Zhongwei Chen, Zhenyu Qu, Chenzhi Guo, Yifei Liu, Jizhen Wu, Qiuwei North China Elect Power Univ Sch Control & Comp Engn State Key Lab Alternate Elect Power Syst Renewabl Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Power Syst Intelligent Dispatch & Control Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Tech Univ Denmark DTU Ctr Elect Power & Energy CEE Dept Elect Engn DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

For large-scale wind farm, the active power dispatch strategy should balance the conflicts among the tracking accuracy, regulation flexibility and solver reliability, which are not well achieved by the conventional proportional distribution (PD) strategy. In this paper, a novel hierarchical-active-power-dispatch strategy is proposed for the larger-scale wind farm based on the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and model predictive control method. Firstly, both the power tracking dynamic characteristics and output power fluctuations of wind turbines are considered as decision variables to divide the wind farm into appropriate clusters. Then the wind farm active power dispatch strategy can be constructed within a hierarchical control framework. More concretely, a lower-layer proportional controller is synthesized with the conventional PD strategy to distribute the active power for wind turbines within a cluster, which forms a closed-loop structure with robustness. The MPC strategy is adopted in the upper layer to dispatch the active power control set-point from the wind farm-level to clusters, which has fully considered the dynamic characteristics of each cluster. The proposed hierarchical strategy has the advantages of reducing the optimization problem scale, eliminating the dynamic tracking errors, enhancing the dynamic dispatching stability and robustness and increasing the active power distribution flexibility. Simulation results show the significant improvement and good robustness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Wind Farm Active power control Clustering MPC PD Hierarchical dispatch

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ADMM-based Distributed State Estimation for Integrated Energy system

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy systems 2019年第2期5卷 275-283页

作者： Yaxin Du Wen Zhang Tingting Zhang Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

In order to have an accurate knowledge of system-wide operation states,it is necessary to perform state estimation for the integrated energy system(IES)as the basis of energy man-agement and *** state estimation is practically infeasible for IES due to the unreliability of communication,the barrier on privacy,and the large scale of integrated *** paper proposes a distributed state estimation algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)for IES containing electricity,heat,and natural *** coupling units are taken into full consideration in modeling of IES state estimation to reflect the harmonization of multi *** the basis of bilinear measurement model,the state estimation considering nonlinear measurements can be replaced by an equivalent three-stage problem containing two linear state estimations and an intermediate transformation to avoid non-convex *** three-stage procedure for IES state estimation can be further decoupled over three sub-systems with coordination on coupling units,yielding a fully distributed scheme based on ADMM.A modified ADMM with the self-adjusting penalty parameter is also adopted to enhance the *** results demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Alternating direction method of multipliers coupling units distributed state estimation integrated energy system

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Influence Analysis of Thermal States on Dynamic Frequency Response for power systems with High Renewables

Influence Analysis of Thermal States on Dynamic Frequency Re...

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2020 IEEE Sustainable power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2020

作者： Cao, Yongji Zhang, Hengxu Li, Changgang Sun, Leshu Li, Chen Qin, Hao Guo, Qi Zhu, Yihua Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of the Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan250061 China State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute National Energy Power Grid Technology RD Centre Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou510663 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728191645

As thermal generators are substituted by renewables, the power reserves are decreasing and the influence of boiler thermal states on frequency dynamics becomes more severe. The variations of thermal states can aggravate dynamic frequency response, especially for power systems with high renewables. However, the system frequency response (SFR) model has been widely adopted, but in which the thermal states are neglected. This paper analyzes the influence of thermal states on dynamic frequency response quantitatively. The modified SFR models are built by extending the boiler models with different simplification degrees. Then, from the view of the response amplitude and time, the quantitative indices are established to measure the response trajectories of modified SFR models. And the characteristics of frequency dynamics and the statistic indices of data sequences are utilized to analyze the influences of thermal states and assess the performances of modified SFR models. According to the results of comparative analysis, the neglect of thermal states incurs more optimistic frequency dynamics and impairs the frequency stability of power systems with high renewables. Additionally, the accuracy of the SFR model can be enhanced even with the most simplified boiler model. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency response

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Modeling and analysis of industrial power load based on measured data 4

Modeling and analysis of industrial power load based on meas...

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2020 4th International Conference on Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering, ICEMCE 2020

作者： Yan, Zhang Huajia, Wang Danwen, Yu Gaofeng, Zhang Weichao, Li State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan250003 China Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan250061 China

With the rapid development of electronic technology, the construction of smart grids has been accelerated. Establishing an accurate load model is of great significance to the stability of distribution network system. Some large-capacity installations with more harmonics and impact, such as electric arc furnaces and wind farm are connected to the grid, which has a serious impact on the power quality of the distribution network. This paper adopts a method of industrial load modeling based on the fitting of measured data, selects electric arc furnace and aluminum rolling mill as typical industrial loads, establishes its model through fitting the measured data, which proves the reliability and accuracy of the load model. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Aluminum rolling mills

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