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Effects of air relief openings on the mitigation of solitary wave forces on bridge decks

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第3期31卷 594-602页

作者： Sheng-chao Xiao An-xin Guo Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Structural Dynamic Behavior and Control School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Department of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia

For inverted T-type bridge decks, the air entrapped in the chambers between adjacent girders could increase the wave forces and lead to the destruction of the bridge decks. This paper studies the effects of the air relief openings (ARO) on the mitigation of the solitary wave-induced forces on the bridge decks. Hydrodynamic experiments are conducted for three inverted T-type decks with four, five, and six girders with different wave properties and deck clearances. The open source computational fluid dynamics toolbox OpenFOAM is adopted to conduct numerical simulations for the effects of the AROs. Since the numerical results correlate well with the measurements, the mechanism of the wave-structure interaction can be revealed by the numerical flow fields. Furthermore, the relationship between the shape and the volume of the ARO and the wave forces on the bridge decks, as well as the contribution of each ARO to the effect of the wave force mitigation, is also obtained from the numerical results of the OpenFOAM. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate that the AROs could effectively reduce the vertical wave forces on the bridge decks. The effects of the AROs increase with the increase of the volume of the ARO, while the shape of the ARO has no effect on the reduction of the wave forces.

关键词： Air entrapped hydrodynamic experiment solitary wave forces bridge decks OpenFOAM

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Mechanical properties of an innovative variable stiffness bonded-type anchorage for CFRP cables

Transactions of Materials Research

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Transactions of Materials Research 2025年第2期1卷

作者： Yanzhao Niu Makeev Aleksander Chen Wang Rui Guo Guijun Xian Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control (Ministry of Education) Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

To address the challenges of anchoring Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) cables, this paper presents an innovative variable stiffness bonded-type anchorage, which builds upon traditional anchorage designs and incorporates high-temperature resistant bonding media with variable stiffness, along with bent CFRP cables. To evaluate the anchoring performance of this anchorage, mechanical tests were conducted and compared with traditional bond-type anchorage systems. The results show that when the bending angle of CFRP bars exceeds 4°, the tensile strength will be less than 95 % of ultimate strength. As the amount of additive increases, both the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the high-temperature resistant bonding medium gradually improve. The mechanical properties of the high-temperature resistant bonding medium are similar to those of traditional bonding media, but its glass transition temperature ( T g ) is significantly higher than that of traditional bonding media. Additionally, when the bonding layer thickness exceeds 2 mm, it has no effect on the bonding performance. The average bonding stress gradually decreases as the anchorage length increases and the internal cone angle decreases. Furthermore, the Ф4-7 and Ф4-19 CFRP cables anchored by VB anchorage demonstrate ideal brittle failure modes, with anchorage efficiencies exceeding 95 %, and the average slip amounts are 2.78 mm and 5.44 mm, respectively, and the anchorage demonstrates good stability. In contrast, EP anchorage shows less desirable failure modes, with most anchorage efficiencies falling below 95 %. The average slip amounts are 3.22 mm and 7.62 mm, but the results display greater variability.

关键词： CFRP cable Variable stiffness bonding-type anchorage Tensile test High-temperature resin Anchoring performance

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Sustainable synthesis of hydrophobic waste glass powder for enhanced water and frost resistance in mortar

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 487卷

作者： Juncheng Wen Yan Wan Yingzi Yang School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

Most durability issues in cement-based materials stem from water intrusion, which can be mitigated by hydrophobic materials with excellent waterproofing properties. This study proposes a green wet chemical method using stearic acid (SA) and waste glass powder (WGP) to synthesize hydrophobic WGP (HWGP). The effect of SA dosage on the water contact angle of HWGP was investigated, and the optimal SA dosage for preparing HWGP was determined through TG analysis. XRD, FTIR, XPS, and TEM tests revealed the synthesis mechanism of HWGP. The effects of HWGP on mortar's mechanical properties, water and frost resistance were also studied, and the optimal dosage of HWGP for preparing hydrophobic mortar was determined. The results show that 8 % SA is optimal for preparing HWGP, and its water contact angle is 132.2°. The synthesis occurs through reactions between SA and Na + , Ca 2+ , and Si-OH groups, with the long carbon chains of SA grafted onto WGP, forming a hydrophobic layer about 4 nm thick. As HWGP content increases, compressive strength initially increases and then decreases, while water and frost resistance improve significantly. The optimal dosage for preparing hydrophobic mortar is 15 % HWGP, where compressive strength decreases by only 6.9 %, flexural strength increases by 12.5 %, and water contact angle increases by 91.2°. Additionally, initial and secondary water absorption rates decrease by 79.4 % and 92.2 %, respectively, total water absorption amount over 8d decreases by 64.9 %, and frost resistance improves by 70.9 %.

关键词： Bending strength

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Compressive Strength Evaluation of Concrete Confined With Spiral Stirrups by Using Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Chang, Wei Zheng, Wenzhong Key lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

The compressive strength of concrete confined with spiral stirrups was an important parameter to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of concrete columns. The confinement provided by spiral stirrups let concrete under the triaxial compression state and improved the compressive strength of concrete. However, the relationships between concrete and stirrups were complex and the existing prediction models for evaluating the compressive strength of confined concrete were various. In this paper, an adaptive neural-fazzy inferenxe system (ANFIS) model was developed to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete confined with stirrups. A set of 231 experimental results of concrete confined with spiral stirrups were collected from the previous studies to establish a reliable database. The investigated parameters included the aspect ratio of specimens, the diameter, spacing, yield strength, and volumetric ratio of stirrups, the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and the compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the ANFIS model predicted the compressive strength of confined concrete accurately. By comparing with existing models, the proposed ANFIS model had high applicable and reliability. The effects of the investigated parameters on the compressive strength of concrete were analyzed based on the proposed ANFIS model. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Seismic spatiotemporal assessment of indoor occupant casualties in regional buildings: A Bayesian network approach incorporating population density dynamics

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2025年 126卷

作者： Jia-Wei Ding Da-Gang Lu Yao Dong School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Key Lab of Structural Dynamic Behaviors and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

In the context of rapid population growth and accelerated urbanization, the impact of earthquake disasters has intensified, making human casualties a critical concern. Accurate prediction of earthquake-induced casualties is essential for developing emergency response strategies, optimizing rescue resource allocation, and facilitating post-earthquake decision-making. This study employs a Bayesian Networks (BNs) model to systematically integrate information on both structural and non-structural components, as well as social factors, to construct a multifactorial assessment framework. This framework accurately estimates the probability of indoor occupants' life safety status during an earthquake. It considers the effect of population density, escape capability and rescue efficiency on individual safety and develops life safety status fragility surface with ground motion intensity measures and population density. Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to enable real-time prediction of indoor occupant life safety status within a single building structure. The study further extends to regional scale by incorporating the spatial correlation of ground motion intensity measures. This innovation facilitates a dynamic, spatiotemporal assessment of life safety status within a regional building portfolio. The findings highlight the critical role of ground motion intensity measures and population density in assessing indoor occupant casualties. By dynamically monitoring population distribution and real-time updating of ground motion intensity measures, the assessment framework proposed in this study can effectively enhance the accuracy and efficiency of earthquake disaster emergency response, providing a reliable scientific basis for government departments to facilitate rapid rescue operations and optimize resource allocation in the aftermath of an earthquake.

关键词： Bayesian networks Building portfolio Fragility surface Indoor occupant casualties Population density

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Ground motion inversion utilizing sensor-based structural response time histories with a multi-head attention-enhanced temporal convolutional network

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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 156卷

作者： Ali Zar Shuang Li Changqing Li Yicheng Chen Muhammad Akbar Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang Jiangsu China

Accurate measurement of ground motion (GM) time histories is essential for precise structural analysis and safety evaluation. However, high costs, limited availability, and maintenance demands of GM recording devices lead to several challenges. This paper aims to present the Multi-Head Attention-Enhanced Temporal Convolutional Network (MHA-TCN Net), a framework developed for inverting GM from recorded structural response (SR) data during earthquakes. A case study on complex multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures demonstrates the MHA-TCN Net's ability to predict GM time histories across elastic and various plastic deformation ranges, showcasing its potential for real-time GM inversion. By incorporating a multi-head attention mechanism along with an overlapping subset strategy, the MHA-TCN Net achieves high precision in GM inversion. It consistently demonstrates low validation losses, with the mean absolute error not exceeding 0.063, exhibits test correlation coefficients as high as 0.95, and maintains a mean square error below 0.4 on unseen test datasets. Comparative experiments against the Temporal Convolutional Network, Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Transformer models demonstrate the MHA-TCN Net's faster convergence and superior accuracy for both training and validation phases. Importantly, the proposed approach can handle inherent sensor noise, ensuring reliable performance under challenging field conditions, thereby highlighting the contribution of advanced artificial intelligence methods for engineering applications with constrained data environments. Furthermore, without retuning the network, the model demonstrates high accuracy with limited real-time training datasets, proving its versatility across various real-world datasets, especially in areas with SR sensors but few seismic instrumentations.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Numerical analysis and design on the embedded column base for circular CFST under seismic loads

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Engineering structures 2025年 340卷

作者： Shasha Tan Lanhui Guo Ou Zhao Chen Jia Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

The type and configuration of column base significantly affects the seismic behavior and design of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures. This paper presents a numerical investigation into the seismic performance of embedded column bases for CFST structures. Finite element (FE) models for seismic analyses of embedded column bases were developed, with the modeling techniques and parameters detailed, and validated against available test results. On the basis of the obtained numerical results, the working mechanisms of embedded column bases under seismic loads, including failure modes, load transfer mechanisms, and interaction stress distributions among different components, were discussed in detail. Parametric studies were subsequently conducted to investigate the influence of a series of identified key parameters. The results revealed that the embedded depth ratio, steel ratio, and cross-section diameter of CFST significantly affected the failure mode, ultimate strength, and energy dissipation capacity of embedded column bases, whereas the endplate dimensions and shear studs influenced only the energy dissipation capacity. Additionally, the anchor bolt ratio and foundation concrete strength showed minimal effects for the investigated parameter ranges. Finally, calculation methods for the ultimate strengths of both deeply and shallowly embedded column bases were established, and the seismic design method and process for embedded column bases were also proposed and validated.

关键词： Concrete-filled steel tube Embedded column base Finite element analysis Seismic performance Ultimate strength Working mechanism

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Interfacial shear behavior in steel-concrete-steel composite structures with stud connectors after freeze-thaw cycles

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 484卷

作者： Wei, Xudan Yan, Jiachuan Lin, Youzhu Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040 China

Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) composite structures have potential applications in the northern cold region. To investigate the interfacial shear performance and failure mechanism of SCS composite structures with stud connectors subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), freeze-thaw tests and push-out tests were conducted on 36 specimens to investigate the effects of concrete type, stud quantity, and FTCs. The test results showed that when the core concrete was changed from C30 concrete to ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), the shear capacity, shear stiffness, and ductility of the specimens all increased significantly, by approximately two times. Moreover, the failure mode of the specimens shifted remarkably from concrete splitting damage to stud breakage failure. Increasing the stud quantity or FTCs reduced the shear capacity and stiffness of the specimen, yet it exerted a minimal impact on the ductility. In addition, precise finite element models were established to investigate the effect of the relative strength between studs and concrete and the stud spacing on the failure modes and interfacial shear capacity. Based on experimental and finite element data analysis, a formula for calculating the interfacial shear capacity of SCS composite structures after FTCs was proposed. The calculation results were consistent with the test and simulation results, and this formula can serve as a reference for the design and application of SCS composite structures in cold regions. © 2025

关键词： Ultra-high performance concrete

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Design and service performance of FRP anchorage system: A review

Review of Materials Research

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Review of Materials Research 2025年第2期1卷

作者： Yanzhao Niu Guijun Xian Rui Guo Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control (Ministry of Education) Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Heilongjiang Harbin 150090 China

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials, with their excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become highly promising materials in modern engineering. However, to fully harness the advantages of FRP, a reliable anchorage system is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research on FRP anchorage systems, focusing on static tensile, fatigue and durability properties, exploring the working mechanisms, failure modes and performance influencing factors of anchorage systems. The static tensile properties of anchorages are closely related to the type of anchorages, with mechanical, bonded, composite and self-anchored types anchorage systems each having their own strengths and weaknesses. Regarding fatigue performance, mechanical-type anchorages are prone to interfacial wear and slippage, while bonded and composite types anchorages exhibit shear and slippage failures, and self-anchored systems tend to suffer from localized fracture due to stress concentration. Design optimization and material improvements can help mitigate fatigue damage. Moreover, both FRP and the bonding medium are susceptible to performance degradation or electrochemical corrosion under complex environmental conditions. The bonding performance at the interfaces of anchorage components deteriorates under the combined effects of load and environmental factors, posing a significant threat to the long-term performance of FRP anchorage systems. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of FRP anchorage systems in engineering applications, driving their technical advancement and practical implementation.

关键词： FRP Anchorage system Fatigue properties Durability Damage mechanism

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Study on tension - tension fatigue life and failure mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced polymer bar under high stress levels

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 487卷

作者： Yanzhao Niu Chenggao Li Jingwei Tian Rui Guo Guijun Xian Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control (Harbin Institute of Technology) Ministry of Education Heilongjiang Harbin 150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Heilongjiang Harbin 150090 China

Fatigue loading is one of the critical factors leading to the degradation of properties in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. To ensure the safety of CFRP bars reinforced structures during long-term service, it is imperative to conduct research on their fatigue performance. Compared to previous studies on FRP fatigue performance, this study investigates the effects of stress level, stress ratio and loading frequency on the fatigue behavior of CFRP bars under high stress levels through experimental testing with key evaluation parameters including fatigue life, stiffness degradation and residual tensile strength and elastic modulus. The fatigue design method for CFRP bars in engineering structures is established using probabilistic Weibull distribution tools. The research findings indicate that CFRP bars exhibit sudden brittle fracture at 80 % stress level, similar to static tension, where fatigue damage is primarily characterized by fiber breakage. Fatigue failure at stress levels between approximately 60 % and 75 % follows a progressive process, which includes three stages: matrix cracking, interface debonding, and fiber fracture. Fatigue damage increases with the decrease in the stress ratio, resulting in a gradual reduction in fatigue life. S-N fatigue life curves of CFRP bar show that the fatigue limits increases with increase of stress ratio, and the residual tensile strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of stress level and fatigue cycle. The fatigue design method is established based on probabilistic tools of Weibull distribution, which provides the design parameters with 95 % confidence of CFRP bar for engineering structures.

关键词： CFRP bars Failure mechanism Fatigue test Residual mechanical strength Stiffness

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