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Axial mechanical and environmental properties of CFRP-confined coal gangue sand concrete

Journal of Building Engineering 2025年 108卷

作者： Tong, Zhang Jiankun, Hou Shan, Gao School of Civil Engineering Liaoning Technical University Liaoning Fuxin123000 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Safety and Durability of Concrete Structures Xijing University Xi'an710123 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150000 China

To improve the mechanical properties of coal gangue sand (GS) concrete, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) was used to confine the concrete. In this paper, the effects of the coal gangue sand replacement rates (rGS), core concrete strength grade, and the number of CFRP layers (p) on the axial compressive mechanical properties of CFRP-confined coal gangue sand (CCGS) concrete were investigated experimentally. The experimental results showed that rGS had a small impact on the failure mode of the CCGS concrete, which was the explosive failure. The ultimate bearing capacity (Nu, e) of the CCGS concrete decreased (maximum is 8.4 %) and increased (maximum is 134.1 %) respectively, as the rGS and p increased. With the increase of the rGS, the peak longitudinal strain of the CCGS concrete increases. The more the number of the CFRP layers, the better the lateral confined effect on the CCGS concrete. The rGS has no significant effect on the circumferential strain efficiency coefficient, which is approximately 0.67. The highest utilization efficiency of the CFRP is 2 layers. Through finite element analysis, CFRP contributes the most to the ultimate bearing capacity of the CCGS concrete, increasing by 21.9 %, while GFRP contributes the least by 10.5 %. Increasing the cross-sectional dimensions will increase the Nu, e, but will not enhance the axial compressive strength of the confined core GS concrete. The design methods of the ultimate bearing capacity and constitutive model of the CCGS concrete were proposed and validated. A full-range load prediction analysis showed that increasing rGS can improve the confinement effect of the CCGS concrete. Finally, through carbon emission calculation analysis, it was recommended to increase the number of CFRP layers while ensuring the large-scale consumption of coal gangue from the perspective of the social and economic benefits. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Compressive strength

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A novel porous shock absorption layer for tunnels: Shock absorption performance and parameter analysis

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2025年第2期24卷 437-450页

作者： Zhou Tonglai Dong Changsong Li Shuang Sun Qiangqiang Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China State Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.Ltd.Xi’an 710075China Institute of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureHebei UniversityBaoding 017002China

A novel porous shock absorption layer is put forward in this study, and the shock absorption performance of the porous shock absorption layer is evaluated based on three-dimensional pseudo-static analysis. The modified reaction acceleration method is adopted and validated in the three-dimensional model. Seven ground motions are selected and the peak ground acceleration is adjusted to 0.2 g, 0.4 g and 0.6 g. The impact of the void ratio and thickness of the porous shock absorption layer is studied, while the surrounding rock grade and tunnel depth are also investigated. The numerical results show that the porous shock absorption layer has good shock absorption performance and can effectively reduce the maximum internal force of the secondary lining, but it cannot reduce the maximum horizontal relative displacement of the secondary lining. The circumferential rubber strip in the porous shock absorption layer will reduce shock absorption performance. The results of parameter analysis indicate that the shock absorption performance of the porous shock absorption layer increases with the increase of the void ratio and thickness, and it has good shock absorption performance under different surrounding rock grades and tunnel depths.

关键词： tunnel porous shock absorption layer shock absorption performance reaction acceleration method parameter analysis

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A two-dimensional coupled energy-mass transfer model for simulating rain-on-snow load dynamics on roofs

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Cold Regions Science and Technology 2025年 238卷

作者： Zhang, Qingwen Bajracharya, Diwas Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of China Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Laboratory of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Climate changes have led to an increase in the frequency and severity of rain-on-snow (ROS) events, risking structural safety with increasing roof snow loads. These events involve melting, freezing, and compaction induced by water infiltration in roof snowpacks. Existing models assume snow as a homogeneous medium with uniform ROS load distribution while ignoring critical phenomena like phase changes, heterogeneity, and evolution of snowpack's properties that alter water retention in snow. Although snow load is adjusted based on slope and roof geometry, these adjustments are not considered for ROS surcharge load. A two-dimensional coupled energy-mass (EM) transfer model using the Multi-point Flux Approximation method (MPFA) is employed to simulate ROS load on sloped roofs along with heat exchange, melting, refreezing, and compaction effects. Compared to simplified mass transfer models, the EM transfer model exhibits superior predictive capabilities when evaluated against experimental results. Although melting and compaction significantly increased the density, reducing porosity and permeability, the melted water accelerated saturation at the bottom boundary, enabling quicker outflow conditions. A non-uniform triangular water retention pattern at the lower roof edge was observed in both models, suggesting that heterogeneity has minimal impact on the water retention profile. Under the studied ROS load conditions, the ROS load at the roof edge is 1.6 times the overall ROS load due to non-uniform water retention. The study highlights the inadequacy of existing design code as the design ROS load is inapplicable to the studied ROS condition, despite localized loads being close to design ROS load (0.38 kN/m2). © 2025

关键词： Osmosis

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An active learning method based on Monte Carlo dropout neural network for high-dimensional reliability analysis

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Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2025年 262卷

作者： Sun, Huabin Bao, Yuequan Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

In structural reliability analysis, the AK-MCS method, which combines Kriging and Monte Carlo Simulation, is well-acknowledged for its effectiveness but struggles with accuracy and efficiency in high-dimensional and nonlinear scenarios. To leverage the advantages and circumvent the limitations of AK-MCS, an active learning method based on the Monte Carlo dropout (MC-dropout) neural network is proposed. The MC-dropout neural network-based surrogate model provides both predictive mean and standard deviation in complex scenarios with a limited number of samples. By identifying candidate samples and utilizing a learning function that considers predictive mean and standard deviation, the method selects new samples close to the limit state surface with significant uncertainties to update the surrogate model. An ensemble of MC-dropout neural networks is then used to obtain a reliable failure probability. Two convergence criteria are introduced to determine the termination of the active learning process. Two numerical examples, a cantilever beam and an actual cable-stayed bridge are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results show that the MC-dropout neural network-based surrogate model exhibits adaptivity and flexibility in handling high-dimensional and nonlinear scenarios and the proposed method achieves a relatively accurate failure probability with a limited number of samples. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Failure rate

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The role of fluctuations in the nucleation process

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Deng, Yuanpeng Kang, Peilin Xu, Xiang Li, Hui Parrinello, Michele Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Atomistic Simulations Italian Institute of Technology Genova16156 Italy

The emergence upon cooling of an ordered solid phase from a liquid is a remarkable example of self-assembly, which has also major practical relevance. Here, we use a recently developed committor-based enhanced sampling method [Kang et al., Nat. Comput. Sci. 4, 451-460 (2024);Trizio et al., arXiv:2410.17029 (2024)] to explore the crystallization transition in a Lennard-Jones fluid, using Kolmogorov’s variational principle. In particular, we take advantage of the properties of our sampling method to harness a large number of configurations from the transition state ensemble. From this wealth of data, we achieve precise localization of the transition state region, revealing a nucleation pathway that deviates from idealized spherical growth assumptions. Furthermore, we take advantage of the probabilistic nature of the committor to detect and analyze the fluctuations that lead to nucleation. Our study nuances classical nucleation theory by showing that the growing nucleus has a complex structure, consisting of a solid core surrounded by a disordered interface. We also compute from the Kolmogorov’s principle a nucleation rate that is consistent with the experimental results at variance with previous computational estimates. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nucleation

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Interfacial shear behavior in steel-concrete-steel composite structures with stud connectors after freeze-thaw cycles

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Construction and Building Materials 2025年 484卷

作者： Wei, Xudan Yan, Jiachuan Lin, Youzhu Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040 China

Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) composite structures have potential applications in the northern cold region. To investigate the interfacial shear performance and failure mechanism of SCS composite structures with stud connectors subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), freeze-thaw tests and push-out tests were conducted on 36 specimens to investigate the effects of concrete type, stud quantity, and FTCs. The test results showed that when the core concrete was changed from C30 concrete to ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), the shear capacity, shear stiffness, and ductility of the specimens all increased significantly, by approximately two times. Moreover, the failure mode of the specimens shifted remarkably from concrete splitting damage to stud breakage failure. Increasing the stud quantity or FTCs reduced the shear capacity and stiffness of the specimen, yet it exerted a minimal impact on the ductility. In addition, precise finite element models were established to investigate the effect of the relative strength between studs and concrete and the stud spacing on the failure modes and interfacial shear capacity. Based on experimental and finite element data analysis, a formula for calculating the interfacial shear capacity of SCS composite structures after FTCs was proposed. The calculation results were consistent with the test and simulation results, and this formula can serve as a reference for the design and application of SCS composite structures in cold regions. © 2025

关键词： Ultra-high performance concrete

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dynamic shear responses of RC circular columns strengthened with recycled FRPs

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structures 2025年 78卷

作者： Yan, Zhi-Wei Song, Yanchen Bai, Yu-Lei Liu, Kun Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China State Key Laboratory of Bridge Engineering Safety and Resilience Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Increasingly heavy urban traffic exacerbates vehicle impacts on reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, possibly leading to shear failure and structural collapse. To enhance the dynamic shear resistance of these columns, fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles were used for external strengthening. PET FRPs offer an eco-friendly alternative by repurposing plastic waste, reducing pollution, and promoting circular economy. This study focused on the dynamic shear responses of RC columns strengthened with PET FRPs. The influences of FRP types and number of FRP layers were experimentally revealed in terms of the failure modes, impact force, reaction force, shear force and impact force-displacement relationship. It was found that significant shear damage occurred in RC columns under horizontal impact loads, with carbon FRPs (CFRPs) strengthening unable to alter the failure mode. Nevertheless, the use of PET FRPs transformed the failure mode to a flexural-shear mode, significantly reducing the impact duration, maximum and residual displacements, and energy dissipation. Moreover, a finite element model was validated to describe the impact resistance of PET FRP-strengthened RC columns, as supported by experimental data. A parametric study further investigated the effects of impact velocity, impact mass, number of FRP layers, and reinforcement ratios on the dynamic shear responses. Based on the truss-arch model, a dynamic shear strength model was proposed and can well predict the dynamic shear capacity of FRP-strengthened RC circular columns. © 2025

关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics

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Topology optimization method of truss structures considering length constraints

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structures 2025年 77卷

作者： Yu, Duo Wu, Yue Zhao, Zhongwei Zhu, Qiming Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China School of Civil Engineering Liaoning Technical University Fuxin123000 China

This paper proposes an efficient method for topology optimization of truss structure, integrating form-finding with considers the length constraints optimization. The approach utilizes the force density method based on geometric nonlinear analysis for form-finding and incorporates topology optimization using the ground structure method. The length constraints, derived from the Euler buckling formula, ensure structural stability under vertical loads. During each iteration, the constraint equations are updated based on the finite element analysis results and the structural stability and load-bearing performance are optimized. Several case studies demonstrate the method's effectiveness, providing a valuable tool for conceptual design of truss structures. © 2025 Institution of Structural Engineers

关键词： Nonlinear analysis

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A Real-Time Hybrid Testing Method Based on Partial Restart Loading Technology

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International Journal of Structural Stability and dynamics 2025年

作者： Xu, Guoshan Wang, Taida Zheng, Lichang Hao, Jiedun Zhao, Lei School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China Key Lab of Intelligent Disaster Mitigation Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin150090 China Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Harbin150010 China

The computational delay is a key problem in real-time hybrid testing (RTHT). The restart loading technique provides the possibility for nonreal-time numerical calculation of RTHT. However, the RTHT based on restart loading technique (RTHT-RLT) requires the experimental substructure to return to the initial state for overall reloading, which requires a significant time cost. To solve this problem, a new RTHT based on partial restart loading technology (RTHT-PRLT) is proposed in this paper. The proposed method carries out partial restart loading in a time-increasing way to reveal the mechanical performance of the experimental substructure accurately and efficiently. First, the RTHT-PRLT is proposed. Furthermore, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure, modeled by refined finite elements, with a viscous damper. The results of simulation and experiment show that when the number of restart loading steps of the RTHT-PRLT is 50 steps, the viscous damper obtains the same mechanical state quantities as those in the RTHT-RLT. Meanwhile, the experimental efficiency of RTHT-PRLT is more than 50% higher than that of RTHT-RLT. © 2026 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Convergence of numerical methods

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Functionality assessment and improvement of medical buildings during the emergency: Incorporating resource restructuring and patient priority scheduling

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Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2025年 262卷

作者： Song, Zhuoru Zhai, Changhai Liu, Jin Pei, Shunshun Zhang, Cheng Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disaster of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of Technology 202 Haihe Road Nan'gang District Harbin150090 China

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for post-earthquake functionality assessment of medical buildings. This framework incorporates the cascading damages of structural and non-structural components, medical equipment, and the functional interdependencies of subsystems by combining Bayesian networks and fault tree methods. Considering the emergency characteristics of medical buildings, the maximum treatable nominal number of earthquake casualties is proposed as the functionality indicator. The indicator is quantified by applying a Genetic Algorithm to a discrete event simulation model based on the Markov process. In this study, resource restructuring, medical room redistribution, and dynamic priority scheduling of casualties are introduced into the framework for the first time, which addresses the gaps in the dynamic changes and self-adaptation adjustments of emergency treatment scenarios. The operability and effectiveness of this framework are verified through numerical research on a hospital. This study analyzes the effects of cascading damages of components on hospital functionalities, revealing that hospital functionality is overestimated when the interdependence of components is ignored. Additionally, the study also validated the effectiveness of organizational management methods such as resource restructuring and redistribution, as well as dynamic priority scheduling of casualties, in improving hospital functionalities through parameter analysis methods. © 2025

关键词： dynamic scheduling Functionality assessment Functionality improvement Hospital functionality Resource restructuring and redistribution

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