检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wei, Kangkang Luo, Weiqi Tan, Shunquan Huang, Jiwu The Guangdong Key Lab of Information Security Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510006 China The College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

Up to now, most existing steganalytic methods are designed for grayscale images, and they are not suitable for color images that are widely used in current social networks. In this paper, we design a universal color image steganalysis network (called UCNet) in spatial and JPEG domains. The proposed method includes preprocessing, convolutional, and classification modules. To preserve the steganographic artifacts in each color channel, in preprocessing module, we firstly separate the input image into three channels according to the corresponding embedding spaces (i.e. RGB for spatial steganography and YCbCr for JPEG steganography), and then extract the image residuals with 62 fixed high-pass filters, finally concatenate all truncated residuals for subsequent analysis rather than adding them together with normal convolution like existing CNN-based steganalyzers. To accelerate the network convergence and effectively reduce the number of parameters, in convolutional module, we carefully design three types of layers with different shortcut connections and group convolution structures to further learn high-level steganalytic features. In classification module, we employ a global average pooling and fully connected layer for classification. We conduct extensive experiments on ALASKA II to demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve state-of-the-art results compared with the modern CNN-based steganalyzers (e.g., SRNet and J-YeNet) in both spatial and JPEG domains, while keeping relatively few memory requirements and training time. Furthermore, we also provide necessary descriptions and many ablation experiments to verify the rationality of the network design. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steganography

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Robust Generalization against Photon-Limited Corruptions via Worst-Case Sharpness Minimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Zhuo Zhu, Miaoxi Xia, Xiaobo Shen, Li Yu, Jun Gong, Chen Han, Bo Du, Bo Liu, Tongliang Syndey Ai Centre The University of Sydney Australia National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Wuhan University China Jd Explore Academy China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China China Key Lab. of Intelligent Percept. and Syst. for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong

Robust generalization aims to tackle the most challenging data distributions which are rare in the training set and contain severe noises, i.e., photon-limited corruptions. Common solutions such as distributionally robust optimization (DRO) focus on the worst-case empirical risk to ensure low training error on the uncommon noisy distributions. However, due to the over-parameterized model being optimized on scarce worst-case data, DRO fails to produce a smooth loss landscape, thus struggling on generalizing well to the test set. Therefore, instead of focusing on the worst-case risk minimization, we propose SharpDRO by penalizing the sharpness of the worst-case distribution, which measures the loss changes around the neighbor of learning parameters. Through worst-case sharpness minimization, the proposed method successfully produces a flat loss curve on the corrupted distributions, thus achieving robust generalization. Moreover, by considering whether the distribution annotation is availab.e, we apply SharpDRO to two problem settings and design a worst-case selection process for robust generalization. Theoretically, we show that SharpDRO has a great convergence guarantee. Experimentally, we simulate photon-limited corruptions using CIFAR10/100 and ImageNet30 datasets and show that SharpDRO exhibits a strong generalization ability against severe corruptions and exceeds well-known baseline methods with large performance gains. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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MVSS-Net: Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervised Networks for Image Manipulation Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dong, Chengbo Chen, Xinru Hu, Ruohan Cao, Juan Li, Xirong The Key Lab of Data Engineering and Kowledge Engineering Renmin University of China Beijing100872 China The AIMC Lab. School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing100872 China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences The the Key Laboratory of Media Convergence Production Technology and Systems Beijing100864 China

As manipulating images by copy-move, splicing and/or inpainting may lead to misinterpretation of the visual content, detecting these sorts of manipulations is crucial for media forensics. Given the variety of possible attacks on the content, devising a generic method is nontrivial. Current deep learning based methods are promising when training and test data are well aligned, but perform poorly on independent tests. Moreover, due to the absence of authentic test images, their image-level detection specificity is in doubt. The key question is how to design and train a deep neural network capable of learning generalizable features sensitive to manipulations in novel data, whilst specific to prevent false alarms on the authentic. We propose multi-view feature learning to jointly exploit tampering boundary artifacts and the noise view of the input image. As both clues are meant to be semantic-agnostic, the learned features are thus generalizable. For effectively learning from authentic images, we train with multi-scale (pixel/edge/image) supervision. We term the new network MVSS-Net and its enhanced version MVSS-Net++. Experiments are conducted in both within-dataset and cross-dataset scenarios, showing that MVSS-Net++ performs the best, and exhibits better robustness against JPEG compression, Gaussian blur and screenshot based image re-capturing. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Drug3D-DTI: Improved Drug-target Interaction Prediction by Incorporating Spatial information of Small Molecules

Drug3D-DTI: Improved Drug-target Interaction Prediction by I...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2021

作者： Liao, Zhirui Huang, Xiaodi Mamitsuka, Hiroshi Zhu, Shanfeng Fudan University School of Computer Science Shanghai200433 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Computing Mathematics and Engineering Charles Sturt University AlburyNSW2640 Australia Bioinformatics Center Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Kyoto Uji611-0011 Japan Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Ministry of Education China MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665401265

A number of machine learning (ML) approaches for drug discovery have been availab.e that rely only on sequential (1D) and planar (2D) information without effectively using the 3D information for generating features of drugs. However, 3D information of small molecules can reflect relative position of atoms more directly, which affects molecular properties. In this work, we present a new deep learning model called Drug3D-DTI for drug-target interaction prediction. Drug3D-DTI takes advantage of molecular spatial information, i.e., atom proximity in three-dimensional (3D) structures. We comprehensively evaluated the performance of Drug3D-DTI on two datasets with two tasks of regression and classification. In particular, we compared Drug3D-DTI with several existing methods including the two cutting-edge methods for compound-protein interaction prediction. From the experimental results, Drug3D-DTI clearly outperformed other methods under all settings. Further, this performance improvement was validated by ablation experiments and a case study. The implementation of Drug3D-DTI is availab.e at (https://***/zhiruiliao/Drug3D-DTI). © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Molecules

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CTSpine1K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Spinal Vertebrae Segmentation in Computed Tomography

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Deng, Yang Wang, Ce Hui, Yuan Li, Qian Li, Jun Luo, Shiwei Sun, Mengke Quan, Quan Yang, Shuxin Hao, You Liu, Pengbo Xiao, Honghu Zhao, Chunpeng Wu, Xinbao Zhou, S. Kevin Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Suzhou Institute of Intelligent Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou215028 China School of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Jiangsu Suzhou China Department of Radiology Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing100035 China

Spine-related diseases have high morbidity and cause a huge burden of social cost. Spine imaging is an essential tool for noninvasively visualizing and assessing spinal pathology. Segmenting vertebrae in computed tomography (CT) images has always been the base of quantitative medical image analysis for clinical diagnosis and surgery planning of spine diseases. Current publicly availab.e annotated datasets on spinal vertebrae are small in size. Due to the lack of a large-scale annotated spine image dataset, the mainstream deep learning-based segmentation methods, which are data-driven, are heavily restricted. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale spine CT dataset called CTSpine1K, curated from multiple sources for vertebra segmentation, which contains 1,005 CT volumes with over 500,000 lab.led vertebrae slices and 11,172 vertebrae belonging to different spinal conditions. Based on this dataset, we conducted several spinal vertebrae segmentation experiments to set the first benchmark. We believe that this large-scale dataset will facilitate further research in many spine-related image analysis tasks, including but not limited to vertebrae segmentation, lab.ling, 3D spine reconstruction from biplanar radiographs, and image superresolution and enhancement. Our dataset are publically availab.e at https://***/data/archive/projects/africai_miccai2024_ctspine1k and https://***/MIRACLE-Center/CTSpine1K. . © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Computerized tomography

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ON THE OPPORTUNITIES OF GREEN computing: A SURVEY

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, You Lin, Xiujing Zhang, Xiang Wang, Maolin Jiang, Gangwei Lu, Huakang Wu, Yupeng Zhang, Kai Yang, Zhe Wang, Kehang Sui, Yongduo Jia, Fengwei Tang, Zuoli Zhao, Yao Zhang, Hongxuan Yang, Tiannuo Chen, Weibo Mao, Yunong Li, Yi Bao, De Li, Yu Liao, Hongrui Liu, Ting Liu, Jingwen Guo, Jinchi Zhao, Xiangyu Wei, Ying Qian, Hong Liu, Qi Wang, Xiang Chan, Wai Kin Li, Chenliang Li, Yusen Yang, Shiyu Yan, Jining Mou, Chao Han, Shuai Jin, Wuxia Zhang, Guannan Zeng, Xiaodong Tsinghua University China Shanghai Jiaotong University China University of Science and Technology of China China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University China Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Shanghai Institute of AI for Education School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University China Xi’an Jiaotong University China College of Computer Science Nankai University China School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences China School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University China Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing National Forestry and Grassland Administration China Guangzhou University China Nanyang Technological University Singapore City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Wuhan University China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China Ant Group China

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved significant advancements in technology and research with the development over several decades, and is widely used in many areas including computing vision, natural language processing, time-series analysis, speech synthesis, etc. During the age of deep learning, especially with the arise of Large Language Models, a large majority of researchers’ attention is paid on pursuing new state-of-the-art (SOTA) results, resulting in ever increasing of model size and computational complexity. The needs for high computing power brings higher carbon emission and undermines research fairness by preventing small or medium-sized research institutions and companies with limited funding in participating in research. To tackle the challenges of computing resources and environmental impact of AI, Green computing has become a hot research topic. In this survey, we give a systematic overview of the technologies used in Green computing. We propose the framework of Green computing and devide it into four key components: (1) Measures of Greenness, (2) Energy-Efficient AI, (3) Energy-Efficient computing Systems and (4) AI Use Cases for Sustainability. For each components, we discuss the research progress made and the commonly used techniques to optimize the AI efficiency. We conclude that this new research direction has the potential to address the conflicts between resource constraints and AI development. We encourage more researchers to put attention on this direction and make AI more environmental friendly. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Exploiting Neighbor Effect: Conv-Agnostic GNN Framework for Graphs with Heterophily

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Jie Chen, Shouzhen Gao, Junbin Huang, Zengfeng Zhang, Junping Pu, Jian Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing The School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Discipline of Business Analytics The University of Sydney Business School The University of Sydney CamperdownNSW2006 Australia The School of Data Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Due to the homophily assumption in graph convolution networks (GNNs), a common consensus in the graph node classification task is that GNNs perform well on homophilic graphs but may fail on heterophilic graphs with many inter-class edges. However, the previous inter-class edges perspective and related homo-ratio metrics cannot well explain the GNNs performance under some heterophilic datasets, which implies that not all the inter-class edges are harmful to GNNs. In this work, we propose a new metric based on von Neumann entropy to re-examine the heterophily problem of GNNs and investigate the feature aggregation of inter-class edges from an entire neighbor identifiable perspective. Moreover, we propose a simple yet effective Conv-Agnostic GNN framework (CAGNNs) to enhance the performance of most GNNs on heterophily datasets by learning the neighbor effect for each node. Specifically, we first decouple the feature of each node into the discriminative feature for downstream tasks and the aggregation feature for graph convolution. Then, we propose a shared mixer module to adaptively evaluate the neighbor effect of each node to incorporate the neighbor information. The proposed framework can be regarded as a plug-in component and is compatible with most GNNs. The experimental results over nine well-known benchmark datasets indicate that our framework can significantly improve performance, especially for the heterophily graphs. The average performance gain is 9.81%, 25.81%, and 20.61% compared with GIN, GAT, and GCN, respectively. Extensive ablation studies and robustness analysis further verify the effectiveness, robustness, and interpretability of our framework. Code is availab.e at https://***/JC-202/CAGNN. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Byzantine-resilient federated machine learning via over-the-air computation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Shaoming Zhou, Yong Wang, Ting Shi, Yuanming School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shanghai Key Lab. of Trustworthy Computing School of Software Engineering East China Normal University

Federated learning (FL) is recognized as a key enabling technology to provide intelligent services for future wireless networks and industrial systems with delay and privacy guarantees. However, the performance of wireless FL can be significantly degraded by Byzantine attack, such as data poisoning attack, model poisoning attack and free-riding attack. To design the Byzantine-resilient FL paradigm in wireless networks with limited radio resources, we propose a novel communication-efficient robust model aggregation scheme via over-the-air computation (AirComp). This is achieved by applying the Weiszfeld algorithm to obtain the smoothed geometric median aggregation against Byzantine attack. The additive structure of the Weiszfeld algorithm is further leveraged to match the signal superposition property of multiple-access channels via AirComp, thereby expediting the communication-efficient secure aggregation process of FL. Numerical results demonstrate the robustness against Byzantine devices and good learning performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wireless networks

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General Greedy De-bias Learning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Han, Xinzhe Wang, Shuhui Su, Chi Huang, Qingming Tian, Qi The School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China SmartMore Beijing100085 China Huawei Cloud & AI Shenzhen518129 China

Neural networks often make predictions relying on the spurious correlations from the datasets rather than the intrinsic properties of the task of interest, facing with sharp degradation on out-of-distribution (OOD) test data. Existing de-bias learning frameworks try to capture specific dataset bias by annotations but they fail to handle complicated OOD scenarios. Others implicitly identify the dataset bias by special design low capability biased models or losses, but they degrade when the training and testing data are from the same distribution. In this paper, we propose a General Greedy De-bias learning framework (GGD), which greedily trains the biased models and base model. The base model is encouraged to focus on examples that are hard to solve with biased models, thus remaining robust against spurious correlations in the test stage. GGD largely improves models' OOD generalization ability on various tasks, but sometimes over-estimates the bias level and degrades on the in-distribution test. We further re-analyze the ensemble process of GGD and introduce the Curriculum Regularization inspired by curriculum learning, which achieves a good trade-off between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution performance. Extensive experiments on image classification, adversarial question answering, and visual question answering demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. GGD can learn a more robust base model under the settings of both task-specific biased models with prior knowledge and self-ensemble biased model without prior knowledge. Codes are availab.e at https://***/GeraldHan/GGD. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Curricula

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Can We Read Speech Beyond the Lips? Rethinking RoI Selection for Deep Visual Speech Recognition

Can We Read Speech Beyond the Lips? Rethinking RoI Selection...

引用

International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： Yuanhang Zhang Shuang Yang Jingyun Xiao Shiguang Shan Xilin Chen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728130798

ISBN: (纸本)9781728130804

Recent advances in deep learning have heightened interest among researchers in the field of visual speech recognition (VSR). Currently, most existing methods equate VSR with automatic lip reading, which attempts to recognise speech by analysing lip motion. However, human experience and psychological studies suggest that we do not always fix our gaze at each other's lips during a face-to-face conversation, but rather scan the whole face repetitively. This inspires us to revisit a fundamental yet somehow overlooked problem: can VSR models benefit from reading extraoral facial regions, i.e. beyond the lips? In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study on the evaluation of the effects of different facial regions with state-of-the-art VSR models, including the mouth, the whole face, the upper face, and even the cheeks. Experiments are conducted on both word-level and sentence-level benchmarks with different characteristics. We find that despite the complex variations of the data, incorporating information from extraoral facial regions, even the upper face, consistently benefits VSR performance. Furthermore, we introduce a simple yet effective method based on Cutout to learn more discriminative features for face-based VSR, hoping to maximise the utility of information encoded in different facial regions. Our experiments show obvious improvements over existing state-of-the-art methods that use only the lip region as inputs, a result we believe would probably provide the VSR community with some new and exciting insights.

关键词： Face recognition Lips Speech recognition Mouth Visualization Task analysis Agriculture

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