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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS nano 2023年第6期17卷 5211-5295页

作者： Luo, Yifei Abidian, Mohammad Reza Ahn, Jong-Hyun Akinwande, Deji Andrews, Anne M. Antonietti, Markus Bao, Zhenan Berggren, Magnus Berkey, Christopher A. Bettinger, Christopher John Chen, Jun Chen, Peng Cheng, Wenlong Cheng, Xu Choi, Seon-Jin Chortos, Alex Dagdeviren, Canan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Di, Chong-an Dickey, Michael D. Duan, Xiangfeng Facchetti, Antonio Fan, Zhiyong Fang, Yin Feng, Jianyou Feng, Xue Gao, Huajian Gao, Wei Gong, Xiwen Guo, Chuan Fei Guo, Xiaojun Hartel, Martin C. He, Zihan Ho, John S. Hu, Youfan Huang, Qiyao Huang, Yu Huo, Fengwei Hussain, Muhammad M. Javey, Ali Jeong, Unyong Jiang, Chen Jiang, Xingyu Kang, Jiheong Karnaushenko, Daniil Khademhosseini, Ali Kim, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Il-Doo Kireev, Dmitry Kong, Lingxuan Lee, Chengkuo Lee, Nae-Eung Lee, Pooi See Lee, Tae-Woo Li, Fengyu Li, Jinxing Liang, Cuiyuan Lim, Chwee Teck Lin, Yuanjing Lipomi, Darren J. Liu, Jia Liu, Kai Liu, Nan Liu, Ren Liu, Yuxin Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Zhiyuan Liu, Zhuangjian Loh, Xian Jun Lu, Nanshu Lv, Zhisheng Magdassi, Shlomo Malliaras, George G. Matsuhisa, Naoji Nathan, Arokia Niu, Simiao Pan, Jieming Pang, Changhyun Pei, Qibing Peng, Huisheng Qi, Dianpeng Ren, Huaying Rogers, John A. Rowe, Aaron Schmidt, Oliver G. Sekitani, Tsuyoshi Seo, Dae-Gyo Shen, Guozhen Sheng, Xing Shi, Qiongfeng Someya, Takao Song, Yanlin Stavrinidou, Eleni Su, Meng Sun, Xuemei Takei, Kuniharu Tao, Xiao-Ming Tee, Benjamin C. K. Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew Trung, Tran Quang Wan, Changjin Wang, Huiliang Wang, Joseph Wang, Ming Wang, Sihong Wang, Ting Wang, Zhong Lin Weiss, Paul S. Wen, Hanqi Xu, Sheng Xu, Tailin Yan, Hongping Yan, Xuzhou Yang, Hui Yang, Le Yang, Shuaijian Yin, Lan Yu, Cunjiang Yu, Guihua Yu, Jing Yu, Shu-Hong Yu, Xinge Zamburg, Evgeny Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang, Xueji Zhang, Yihui Zhang, Yu Zhao, Siyuan Zhao, Xuanhe Zheng, Yuanjin Zheng, Yu-Qing Zheng, Zijian Zhou, Tao Zhu, Bowen Zhu, Ming Zhu, Rong Zhu, Yangzhi Zhu, Yong Zou, Guijin Chen, Xiaodong 08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas 77024 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States Microelectronics Research Center The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States Colloid Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University 83 Linköping Sweden Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94301 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 United States School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457 Singapore Nanobionics Group Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Australia 3800 Monash

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative

关键词： soft materials mechanics engineering flexible electronics conformable sensors bioelectronics human-machine interfaces body area sensor networks technology translation sustainable electronics

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Kirigami metamaterials for reconfigurable toroidal circular dichroism

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Jing, Liqiao Wang, Zuojia Zheng, Bin Wang, Huaping Yang, Yihao Shen, Lian Yin, Wenyan Li, Erping Chen, Hongsheng Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan250100 China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Institute of Marine Electronics Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou310027 China

The ancient paper craft of kirigami has recently emerged as a potential tool for the design of functional materials. Inspired by the kirigami concept, we propose a class of kirigami-based metamaterials whose electromagnetic functionalities can be switched between nonchiral and chiral states by stretching the predesigned split-ring resonator array. Single-band, dual-band and broadband circular polarizers with reconfigurable performance are experimentally demonstrated with maximum circular dichroisms of 0.88, 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. The underlying mechanism is explained and calculated via detailed analysis of the excited multipoles, including the electric, magnetic, and toroidal dipoles and quadrupole. Our approach enables tailoring the electromagnetic functionalities in kirigami patterns and provides an alternate avenue for reconfigurable optical metadevices with exceptional mechanical properties. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Spin-valley-controlled photonic topological insulator

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Xue, Haoran Gao, Fei Yu, Yang Chong, Yidong Shvets, Gennady Zhang, Baile State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

The discovery of photonic topological insulators (PTIs)1-3 has opened the door to fundamentally new topological states of light. Current time-reversal-invariant PTIs emulate either the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect4-11 or the quantum valley Hall (QVH) effect12-17 in condensed-matter systems, in order to achieve topological transport of photons whose propagation is predetermined by either 'photonic pseudospin' (abbreviated as 'spin') or valley. Here we demonstrate a new class of PTIs, whose topological phase is not determined solely by spin or valley, but is controlled by the competition between their induced gauge fields. Such a competition is enabled by tuning the strengths of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and inversion-symmetry breaking in a single PTI18,19. An unprecedented topological transition between QSH and QVH phases that is hard to achieve in condensed-matter systems is demonstrated. Our study merges the emerging fields of spintronics and valleytronics in the same photonic platform, and offers novel PTIs with reconfigurable topological phases. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric insulators

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A Design of Tunable High-Impedance Surface (HIS) Based on Hybrid Metal-Graphene Structure

A Design of Tunable High-Impedance Surface (HIS) Based on Hy...

引用

IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation

作者： Wen-Sheng Zhao Da-Wei Wang Gaofeng Wang Wen-Yan Yin Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems of Ministry of Education School of Electronics & Information Hangzhou Dianzi University Innovative Institute of Electromagnetic Information and Electronic Integration Key Lab of Advanced Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University

ISBN: (纸本)9781538616093

A tunable high-impedance surface (HIS) based on hybrid metal-graphene structure is presented for terahertz (THz) applications. Its tunable properties and relative performance are studied by the proposed LE-FDTD method. At the same time, the equivalent circuit model is derived to give a theoretical explanation. Good performance is obtained in terms of bandwidth, gain, and tunability. The proposed structures are practical and potential for THz applications.

关键词： Surface impedance home information system terahertz HYBRID Hybrid electric vehicles proposed structure

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Type-I hyperbolic metasurfaces for highly-squeezed designer polaritons with negative group velocity

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Yang, Yihao Qin, Pengfei Lin, Xiao Li, Erping Wang, Zuojia Zhang, Baile Chen, Hongsheng State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China

Hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals materials and metamaterial heterostructures provide unprecedenced control over light-matter interaction at the extreme nanoscale. Here, we propose a concept of type-I hyperbolic metasurface supporting highly-squeezed magnetic designer polaritons, which act as magnetic analogues to hyperbolic polaritons in the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in the first Reststrahlen band. Comparing with the natural h-BN, the size and spacing of the metasurface unit cell can be readily scaled up (or down), allowing for manipulating designer polaritons in frequency and in space at will. Experimental measurements display the cone-like hyperbolic dispersion in the momentum space, associating with an effective refractive index up to 60 and a group velocity down to 1/400 of the light speed in vacuum. By tailoring the proposed metasurface, we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact (with a footprint shrunken by 3600 times) integrated designer polariton circuit including high-transmission 90° sharp bending waveguides and waveguide splitters. The designed metasurface with a low profile, lightweight, and ease of access, can serve as an alternatively promising platform for emerging polaritonics, and may find many other potential applications, such as waveguiding, sensing, subdiffraction focusing/imaging, low-threshold Cherenkov radiation, strong magnetic transition enhancement, wireless energy transfer, and so forth. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Title: Valley-Hall photonic topological insulators with dual-band kink states

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Chen, Q. Zhang, L. He, M. Gao, F. Chen, H. Chen, Q. Zhang, L. He, M. Gao, F. Chen, H. Wang, Z. Lin, X. Yang, Y. Zhang, B. Yang, Y. Zhang, B. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan250100 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore

Extensive researches have revealed that valley, a binary degree of freedom (DOF), can be an excellent candidate of information carrier. Recently, valley DOF has been introduced into photonic systems, and several valley-Hall photonic topological insulators (PTIs) have been experimentally demonstrated. However, in the previous valley-Hall PTIs, topological kink states only work at a single frequency band, which limits potential applications in multiband waveguides, filters, communications, and so on. To overcome this challenge, here we experimentally demonstrate a valley-Hall PTI, where the topological kink states exist at two separated frequency bands, in a microwave substrate-integrated circuitry. Both the simulated and experimental results demonstrate the dual-band valley-Hall topological kink states are robust against the sharp bends of the internal domain wall with negligible inter-valley scattering. Our work may pave the way for multi-channel substrate-integrated photonic devices with high efficiency and high capacity for information communications and processing. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric insulators

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Manipulation of valley-polarized topological kink states in ultrathin substrate-integrated photonic circuitry

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Zhang, Li Yang, Yihao He, Mengjia Wang, Hai-Xiao Yang, Zhaoju Li, Erping Gao, Fei Zhang, Baile Singh, Ranjan Jiang, Jian-Hua Chen, Hongsheng State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore Shool of Physical Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou215006 China

Valley degrees of freedom, providing a novel way to increase the capacity and efficiency of information storage and processing, has become an important instrument for photonics. However, at present stage, valley photonics is restricted to unprotected valley transport and valley Hall effects at zigzag interfaces, limiting its development and applications. Here, we demonstrate realization, engineering, and manipulation of valley-polarized topological kink states at generic interfaces in ultrathin substrate-integrated photonic circuitry experimentally. The robustness of the valley-polarized topological kink states at generic interfaces is verified by the robust in-gap transmission though sharply bending interface channels and disordered domain wall channels, respectively. With the ultrathin substrate-integrated photonic architecture, we realize geometry-dependent topological channel intersections. This platform has ultrathin thicknesses and excellent self-consistent electrical shielding, which is perfectly compatible with the conventional substrate-integrated photonic circuits. Our study thus provides a novel pathway for controlling valley degrees of freedom in photonics and may work as a novel integration platform for information processing that has disorder-insensitivity, easy access, and lightweight. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Substrates

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Multifrequency superscattering from subwavelength hyperbolic structures

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Qian, Chao Lin, Xiao Yang, Yi Gao, Fei Shen, Yichen Lopez, Josue Kaminer, Ido Zhang, Baile Li, Erping Soljačić, Marin Chen, Hongsheng Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-UIUC Institute College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies NTU Singapore637371 Singapore

Superscattering, i.e., a phenomenon of the scattering cross section from a subwavelength object exceeding the single-channel limit, has important prospects in enhanced sensing/spectroscopy, solar cells, and biomedical imaging. Superscattering can be typically constructed only at a single frequency regime, and depends critically on the inescapable material losses. Under such realistic conditions, superscattering has not been predicted nor observed to exist simultaneously at multiple frequency regimes. Here we introduce multifrequency superscattering in a subwavelength hyperbolic structure, which can be made from artificial metamaterials or from naturally-existing materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (BN), and show the advantage of such hyperbolic materials for reducing structural complexity. The underlying mechanism is revealed to be the multimode resonances at multiple frequency regimes as appear in BN due to the peculiar dispersion of phonon-polaritons. Importantly, the multifrequency superscattering has a high tolerance to material losses and some structural variations, bringing the concept of multifrequency superscattering closer to useful and realistic conditions. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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