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IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity 2022年 1卷 160-169页

作者： Hanzhi Ma Da Li Tuomin Tao Xingjian Shangguan En-Xiao Liu Jose Schutt-Aine Andreas C. Cangellaris Er-Ping Li College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Zhejiang-Singapore Innovation and AI Joint Research Lab China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore

A dimensionality reduction based neural network framework is introduced for uncertainty quantification of time-domain response based on system uncertain design parameters for neuromorphic chips. The proposed method firstly makes use of the singular value decomposition (SVD) method to find the basis functions and corresponding coefficients of time-domain response, of which coefficients are used as a lower dimensional target outputs in neural network model compared with time sampling points prediction. This newly proposed method then develops an integrated neural network structure to simultaneously find the mean and variance of target coefficients with a combined definition of loss function, which can be utilized together with basis functions to construct the prediction interval of time-domain response. A memrisor-based crossbar array is applied in this work to verify the performance of the proposed method with the comparison of Monte Carlo method.

关键词： Biological neural networks Uncertainty Memristors Time-domain analysis Integrated circuit modeling Neuromorphics Signal integrity Neural networks Neuromorphics

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Observation of scale-free localized states induced by non-Hermitian defects

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xie, Xinrong Liang, Gan Ma, Fei Du, Yulin Peng, Yiwei Li, Erping Chen, Hongsheng Li, Linhu Gao, Fei Xue, Haoran Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Zhuhai519082 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing312000 China

Wave localization is a fundamental phenomenon that appears universally in both natural materials and artificial structures and plays a crucial role in understanding the various physical properties of a system. Usually, a localized state has an exponential profile with a localization length independent of the system size. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a new class of localized states called scale-free localized states, which has an unfixed localization length scaling linearly with the system size. Using circuit lattices, we observe that a non-Hermitian defect added to a Hermitian lattice induces an extensive number of states with scale-free localization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in a lattice with a parity-time-symmetric non-Hermitian defect, the scale-free localization emerges because of spontaneous parity-time symmetry breaking. Our results uncover a new type of localized states and extend the study of defect physics to the non-Hermitian regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Defects

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Transfer-Learning-Assisted Inverse Metasurface Design for 30% Data Savings

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第2期18卷 024022-024022页

作者： Zhixiang Fan Chao Qian Yuetian Jia Min Chen Jie Zhang Xingshuo Cui Er-Ping Li Bin Zheng Tong Cai Hongsheng Chen ZJU-UIUC Institute Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Air and Missile Defend College Air Force Engineering University Xi’an 710051 China

Deep learning is found to be a powerful data-driven force to transform the way we discover, design, and utilize photonics and metasurfaces. More recently, there has been growing interest in deep-learning-enabled on-demand structural design, as it can ease the limitations of low efficiency, time-consuming, and experience navigation in conventional design. However, training data is a valuable source, especially for high-dimensional scatterers. It is extremely challenging and costly to keep the pace of data collection with the increasing degrees of freedom. Here, we propose a transfer-learning-assisted inverse-metasurface-design method to relieve the data dilemma. A flexible transferrable neural network composed of an encoder-decoder network and a physical assistance network is constructed, the latter of which is attached to solve the nonuniqueness problem. Starting from the 5 × 5 metasurface, we successfully migrate the inverse design to a 20 × 20 metasurface, with a Pearson correlation coefficient that reaches 97%. Compared with direct learning, the data requirement is reduced by over 30%. In the experiment, we validate the concept via wave-front customization. Our work constitutes a green and efficient inverse-design paradigm for fast far-field customization and provides a key advance for the next generation of large-scale intelligent metadevices.

关键词： Metamaterials Metasurfaces Photonics Deep learning

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Integrated plasmonic ruler using terahertz multi-BIC metasurface for digital biosensing

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Moore and More 2025年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Ren, Qun Jia, Sheng Li, Jingtong He, Liu Xu, Yan Huang, Hao Wang, Xiaoman Ooi, ZherYian Liang, Yongshan Zhang, Yaoyin Xu, Hang Zhang, Zhang You, Jianwei Sha, Wei E. I. Yao, Jianquan School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin China Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology Ministry of Education School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology School of Microelectronics Tianjin University Tianjin China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology Jiangsu China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

In recent years, continuous bound states in the continuum (BIC) have gained significant attention for their practical applications in optics, chip technology, and modern communication. Traditional approaches to realizing and analyzing BIC typically rely on magnetic dipole models, which have limitations in quantitative analysis and integration. This creates a gap in understanding how to efficiently harness BIC with higher Q-factors for enhanced performance in real-world applications, particularly in scenarios involving terahertz imaging and multi-channel communication. In this study, we introduce a novel approach using a metallic resonator model that leverages toroidal dipole moments to generate symmetry-protected BIC with high Q-factors. By systematically varying the asymmetry parameters of the metasurface, we gradually break its symmetry, achieving a transition from the BIC mode to the quasi-BIC mode and facilitating the gradual release of stored electromagnetic energy. Our theoretical analysis confirms the existence and generation of BIC, and experimental measurements of the transmission response spectrum validate these theoretical predictions. The results indicate that terahertz metasurface with high Q-factors can produce strong resonances at specific frequencies, enhancing resistance to electromagnetic interference and ensuring stable imaging quality in complex environments. Additionally, this study suggests the potential for an integrated plasmonic ruler to achieve high-resolution and efficient biological imaging. These findings bridge the gap by demonstrating how high Q-factor BIC can be effectively utilized for multi-channel terahertz dynamic imaging and biosensing applications. This advancement lays a new foundation for developing robust systems in multi-channel communication and biomedical sensing, offering significant potential for future technological and medical innovations.

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Optical interface engineering with on-demand magnetic surface conductivities

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Physical Review B 2022年第3期106卷 035304-035304页

作者： Yuhan Zhong Tong Cai Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Optical interfaces with arbitrary magnetic and electric surface conductivities can enable the design of photonic devices with new functionalities, but practical approaches to date are nonexistent. Regular interfaces, such as those with graphene, are optically interesting due to their tailorable electric surface conductivity. However, their magnetic surface conductivity is negligible since the magnetic response in natural materials is generally weak from the terahertz frequency onward. The quest for artificial magnetic response has recently triggered the development of magnetic metasurfaces that, however, can only provide the interface with a limited value of magnetic surface conductivity. Herein we find that vertical heterostructures based on regular nonmagnetic metasurfaces have a direct correspondence to an optical interface with both magnetic and electric surface conductivities, whose desired values can be structurally engineered. Moreover, we identify several unique photonic and plasmonic responses at optical interfaces with specific magnetic surface conductivities, including a polarization-insensitive Brewster effect and pure magnetic surface waves.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Electromagnetism Surface & interfacial phenomena Surface plasmons

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Global reconstruction of form-free metasurfaces for customized demand via a learning paradigm

Global reconstruction of form-free metasurfaces for customiz...

引用

IEEE MTT-S International microwave Workshop Series on advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)

作者： Yuetian Jia Zhixiang Fan Chao Qian Hongsheng Chen Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua China

Metasurfaces, as a class of two-dimensional artificially structured materials, have recently attracted extensive interest due to their rich optical properties and practically preferable natures, meriting a plethora of unprecedented applications. In all these metasurfaces-related works, a pivotal prerequisite is to obtain high-performance metastructures with the intended optical properties, which is conventionally solved by tedious and inefficient numerical simulations. To facilitate this, state-of-art works introduced deep learning algorithms to streamline the forward and inverse design of individual micro-structures. However, for complex metasurfaces and devices, it still has remained unexplored, with the substantial challenges from unveiling elusive light-metasurfaces interaction, algorithm modeling, and experiment demonstration. To address these, here we report a global and direct intelligent design method for complex metasurfaces and devices, via a deep learning architecture. Illustrative examples of conformal metasurfaces are presented, showing a high-fidelity inverse design from the far-field in the simulation and experiment.

关键词： Deep learning Radio frequency Systematics Design methodology microwave devices Metasurfaces microwave theory and techniques

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Non-Hermitian Chiral Heat Transport

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第26期130卷 266303-266303页

作者： Guoqiang Xu Xue Zhou Ying Li Qitao Cao Weijin Chen Yunfeng Xiao Lan Yang Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Kent Ridge 117583 Republic of Singapore School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University100871 Beijing China Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA

Exceptional point (EP) has been captivated as a concept of interpreting eigenvalue degeneracy and eigenstate exchange in non-Hermitian physics. The chirality in the vicinity of EP is intrinsically preserved and usually immune to external bias or perturbation, resulting in the robustness of asymmetric backscattering and directional emission in classical wave fields. Despite recent progress in non-Hermitian thermal diffusion, all state-of-the-art approaches fail to exhibit chiral states or directional robustness in heat transport. Here we report the first discovery of chiral heat transport, which is manifested only in the vicinity of EP but suppressed at the EP of a thermal system. The chiral heat transport demonstrates significant robustness against drastically varying advections and thermal perturbations imposed. Our results reveal the chirality in heat transport process and provide a novel strategy for manipulating mass, charge, and diffusive light.

关键词： Diffusion Heat transfer Metamaterials Non-Hermitean systems

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Polarization-Orthogonal Nondegenerate Plasmonic Higher-Order Topological States

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第21期130卷 213603-213603页

作者： Yuanzhen Li Su Xu Zijian Zhang Yumeng Yang Xinrong Xie Wenzheng Ye Feng Liu Haoran Xue Liqiao Jing Zuojia Wang Qi-Dai Chen Hong-Bo Sun Erping Li Hongsheng Chen Fei Gao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Haidian Beijing 100084 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China

Photonic topological states, providing light-manipulation approaches in robust manners, have attracted intense attention. Connecting photonic topological states with far-field degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) has given rise to fruitful phenomena. Recently emerged higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), hosting boundary states two or more dimensions lower than those of bulk, offer new paradigms to localize or transport light topologically in extended dimensionalities. However, photonic HOTIs have not been related to d.o.f. of radiation fields yet. Here, we report the observation of polarization-orthogonal second-order topological corner states at different frequencies on a designer-plasmonic kagome metasurface in the far field. Such phenomenon stands on two mechanisms, i.e., projecting the far-field polarizations to the intrinsic parity d.o.f. of lattice modes and the parity splitting of the plasmonic corner states in spectra. We theoretically and numerically show that the parity splitting originates from the underlying interorbital coupling. Both near-field and far-field experiments verify the polarization-orthogonal nondegenerate second-order topological corner states. These results promise applications in robust optical single photon emitters and multiplexed photonic devices.

关键词： Metasurfaces Topological effects in photonic systems

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Motor-driven Mechanical Metasurfaces for Dynamic Wireless Channel Management

Motor-driven Mechanical Metasurfaces for Dynamic Wireless Ch...

引用

IEEE MTT-S International microwave Workshop Series on advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP)

作者： Zhixiang Fan Yuetian Jia Chao Qian Hongsheng Chen Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua China

Here, we introduce the concept of motor-driven mechanical metasurfaces to manage wireless channel dynamically. Such metasurfaces relieve the heavy reliance on traditional radio-frequency components. The design and reflection spectra of the mechanical metasurfaces is demonstrated between 13.1 GHz and 13.5 GHz, the reflected phase almost covers 2π, while the reflected amplitude remains high. In experiment, the concept is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept far-field customization.

关键词： Wireless communication Radio frequency Phased arrays Power demand Conferences Metasurfaces Reflection

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A high-Q metasurface signal isolator for 1.5T surface coil magnetic resonance imaging on the go

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ren, Qun Lang, Yuxin Ja, Yuqi Xiao, Xia Liu, Yu Kong, Xiangzheng Jin, Ruiqi He, Yongqing You, Jianwei Sha, Wei Pang, Yanwei School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China School of Microelectronics Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

The combination of surface coils and metamaterials remarkably enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance for significant local staging flexibility. However, due to the coupling in between, impeded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low-contrast resolution, further hamper the future growth in clinical MRI. In this paper, we propose a high-Q metasurface decoupling isolator fueled by topological LC loops for 1.5T surface coil MRI system, increasing the magnetic field up to fivefold at 63.8 MHz. We have employed a polarization conversion mechanism to effectively eliminate the coupling between the MRI metamaterial and the radio frequency (RF) surface transmitter-receiver coils. Furthermore, a high-Q metasurface isolator was achieved by taking advantage of bound states in the continuum (BIC) for extremely high-field MRI and spectroscopy. An equivalent physical model of the miniaturized metasurface design was put forward through LC circuit analysis. This study opens up a promising route for the easy-to-use and portable surface coil MRI scanners. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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