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High-Speed Efficient On-Chip Electro-Optic Modulator Based on Midinfrared Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Physical Review Applied 2021年第3期16卷 034002-034002页

作者： Dongdong Li Hongbin Ma Qiwei Zhan Jie Liao Wen-Yan Yin Hongsheng Chen Haoliang Qian Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China

Integrated modulators are key components for on-chip optical communication and information processing, which have become leading technologies in the current information-growth era. Hence, high-speed, efficient, and compact integrated modulators are in high demand. However, the current integrated midinfrared modulators meet these requirements with difficulty. Here, we present a high-speed and efficient on-chip electro-optic modulator based on midinfrared hyperbolic metamaterials using stacking of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. The length of the modulation region is only 60 nm, which is integrated on a plasmonic waveguide composed of hyperbolic metamaterials. The maximum modulation depth is up to 30 dB, and the 3-dB modulation speed can reach up to 50 GHz, which is supported by a detailed study of a small-signal frequency-response model. Our work provides an alternative scheme for the design of modulators with the requirements of sub-100-nm integration and 50-GHz modulation speed or even beyond, which can be directly implemented into a two-dimensional-materials-based photonic integrated circuits platform.

关键词： Hyperbolic metamaterials Integrated optics nanophotonics Optoelectronics Plasmonics 2-dimensional systems devices Infrared techniques

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High-Order Modulation Large MIMO Detector Based on Physics-Inspired Methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zeng, Qing-Guo Cui, Xiao-Peng Tao, Xian-Zhe Hu, Jia-Qi Pan, Shi-Jie Sha, Wei E.I. Yung, Man-Hong Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China International Quantum Academy Shenzhen518048 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Applying quantum annealing or current quantum-/physics-inspired algorithms for MIMO detection always abandon the direct gray-coded bit-to-symbol mapping in order to obtain Ising form, leading to inconsistency errors. This often results in slow convergence rates and error floor, particularly with high-order modulations. We propose HOPbit, a novel MIMO detector designed to address this issue by transforming the MIMO detection problem into a higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) problem while maintaining gray-coded bit-to-symbol mapping. The method then employs the simulated probabilistic bits (p-bits) algorithm to directly solve HUBO without degradation. This innovative strategy enables HOPbit to achieve rapid convergence and attain near-optimal maximum-likelihood performance in most scenarios, even those involving high-order modulations. The experiments show that HOPbit surpasses ParaMax by several orders of magnitude in terms of bit error rate (BER) in the context of 12-user massive and large MIMO systems even with computing resources. In addition, HOPbit achieves lower BER rates compared to other traditional detectors. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

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Observation of vortex-string chiral modes in metamaterials

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Jingwen Jia, Ding Zhang, Li Guan, Yi-Jun Ge, Yong Sun, Hong-Xiang Yuan, Shou-Qi Chen, Hongsheng Yang, Yihao Zhang, Xiang Faculties of Science and Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang212013 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing312000 China State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

As a hypothetical topological defect in the geometry of spacetime, vortex strings play a crucial role in shaping the clusters of galaxies that exist today, and their distinct features can provide observable clues about the early universe’s evolution. A key feature of vortex strings is that they can interact with Weyl fermionic modes and support topological chiral-anomaly states with massless dispersions at the core of strings. To date, despite many attempts to detect vortex strings in astrophysics or to emulate them in artificially created systems, observation of these topological vortex-string chiral modes remains experimentally elusive. Here we report the experimental observation of such vortex-string chiral modes using a metamaterial system. This is implemented by inhomogeneous perturbation of a Yang-monopole phononic metamaterial. The measured linear dispersion and modal profiles confirm the existence of topological modes bound to and propagating along the vortex string with the chiral anomaly. Our work not only provides a platform for studying diverse cosmic topological defects in astrophysics but also offers intriguing device applications as topological fibres in signal processing and communication *** Codes No © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Vortex flow

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In-Situ Electrostatic Field Regulating the Recrystallization Behavior of P(Vdf-Trfe) Films with High Β-Phase Content and Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Lv, Fu Lin, Jiamin Zhou, Zheng Hong, Zijian Wu, Yongjun Ren, Zhaohui Zhang, Qilong Dong, Shurong Luo, Jikui Shi, Junhui Chen, Ruimin Liu, Bing Su, Yuanjie Huang, Yuhui School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Lab of Silicon Materials Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Key Lab of Advanced Micro Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang Lab Zhejiang Hangzhou311121 China College of Electronic Information and Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Zhejiang Hangzhou310018 China School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu610054 China

Fabrication of flexible piezoelectric polymers is essential for the development of wearable biosensors. Nevertheless, the piezoelectric coefficient of polymers is usually an order of magnitude lower than the inorganic piezoelectric materials, which limits the miniature of the devices. Herein, a simple and cost-effective technique is proposed by applying an electrostatic field to in-situ regulate the recrystallization behavior of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) film during the thermal annealing and recrystallization stage. Significantly enhanced properties are obtained, including a large piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ~30.7 pC/N) and a high voltage sensitivity of 167.12 mV/kPa. The outstanding performance is mainly attributed to the applied electrostatic field maintained during the film growth stage, which promotes the generation of nucleation sites for the polar β lamellae crystals. A wireless sensor system is further established with the obtained P(VDF-TrFE) film, demonstrating great potential applications in movement monitoring. The proposed facile approach could potentially be applied to the large-scale production of polymer films with excellent piezoelectric properties for flexible wireless biosensing device applications. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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Real higher-order Weyl photonic crystal

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Nature Communications 2023年第1期14卷 6636页

作者： Pan, Yuang Cui, Chaoxi Chen, Qiaolu Chen, Fujia Zhang, Li Ren, Yudong Han, Ning Li, Wenhao Li, Xinrui Yu, Zhi-Ming Chen, Hongsheng Yang, Yihao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE) School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Higher-order Weyl semimetals are a family of recently predicted topological phases simultaneously showcasing unconventional properties derived from Weyl points, such as chiral anomaly, and multidimensional topological phenomena originating from higher-order topology. The higher-order Weyl semimetal phases, with their higher-order topology arising from quantized dipole or quadrupole bulk polarizations, have been demonstrated in phononics and circuits. Here, we experimentally discover a class of higher-order Weyl semimetal phase in a three-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC), exhibiting the concurrence of the surface and hinge Fermi arcs from the nonzero Chern number and the nontrivial generalized real Chern number, respectively, coined a real higher-order Weyl PhC. Notably, the projected two-dimensional subsystem with k_z = 0 is a real Chern insulator, belonging to the Stiefel-Whitney class with real Bloch wavefunctions, which is distinguished fundamentally from the Chern class with complex Bloch wavefunctions. Our work offers an ideal photonic platform for exploring potential applications and material properties associated with the higher-order Weyl points and the Stiefel-Whitney class of topological phases. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.

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Negative refraction of ultra-squeezed in-plane hyperbolic designer polaritons

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Photonics Research 2021年第8期9卷 1540-1549页

作者： QIAOLU CHEN YIHAO YANG LI ZHANG JIALIN CHEN MIN LI XIAO LIN RUJIANG LI ZUOJIA WANG BAILE ZHANG HONGSHENG CHEN Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Joint Innovation Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of ZhejiangThe Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies The Photonics InstituteNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

The in-plane negative refraction of high-momentum(i.e.,high-k)photonic modes could enable many applications such as imaging,focusing,and waveguiding in a planar platform at deep-subwavelength ***,its practical implementation in experiments remains elusive so *** we propose a class of hyperbolic metasurfaces,which is characterized by an anisotropic magnetic sheet conductivity and can support the in-plane ultrahigh-k magnetic designer *** on such metasurfaces,we report the experimental observation of the all-angle negative refraction of designer polaritons at extremely deep-subwavelength ***,we directly visualize the designer polaritons with hyperbolic ***,for these hyperbolic polaritons,we find that their squeezing factor is *** be specific,it can be up to 129 in the experiments,an ultra-high value exceeding those in naturally hyperbolic *** work may pave a way toward exploring the extremely high confinement and unusual propagation of magnetic designer polaritons over monolayer or twisted bilayer hyperbolic metasurfaces.

关键词： hyperbolic refraction polar

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Experimental Realization of a Superdispersion-Enabled Ultrabroadband Terahertz Cloak (vol 34, 2205053, 2022)

引用

advanced MATERIALS 2022年第47期34卷 2209380-2209380页

作者： Cai, Tong Zheng, Bin Lou, Jing Shen, Lian Yang, Yihao Tang, Shiwei Li, Erping Qian, Chao Chen, Hongsheng Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China Air and Missile Defend College Air Force Engineering University Xi'an 710051 P. R. China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 P. R. China Department of Physics Faculty of Science Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 P. R. China

Invisibility has been a topic of long-standing interest owing to the advent of metamaterials and transformation optics, but still faces open challenges after its tremendous development in recent decades. One of the big challenges is the narrow bandwidth, as the realization of an invisibility cloak is usually based on a metamaterial—an artificial composite material composed of subwavelength resonator structures that are always associated with dispersion. Different from previous works that have tried to eliminate the material dispersion to enhance the bandwidth of an invisibility cloak, here, it is found that by judiciously harnessing the material dispersion, the bandwidth of the cloak can still be significantly increased. Interestingly, the material dispersion does not violate the law of causality. As a proof of concept, an ultrabroadband terahertz (THz) carpet cloak is experimentally demonstrated through an array of superdispersive microparticles, rendering the target object invisible to detection by both time- and frequency-domain wideband systems. The work presents a feasible invisibility strategy that is closer to practical applications and may pave a brand-new way for the development of dispersion-dominated ultrabroadband metadevices.

关键词： invisibility cloaks metasurfaces superdispersive microparticles ultra-broadband

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Photonic Terahertz Phased Array

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Niu, Li Feng, Xi Zhang, Xueqian Lu, Yongchang Wang, Qingwei Xu, Quan Chen, Xieyu Ma, Jiajun Qiu, Haidi Sha, Wei E.I. Zhang, Shuang Alù, Andrea Zhang, Weili Han, Jiaguang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York10016 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Phased arrays are crucial in various technologies, such as radar and wireless communications, due to their ability to precisely control and steer electromagnetic waves. This precise control improves signal processing and enhances imaging performance. However, extending phased arrays to the terahertz (THz) frequency range has proven challenging, especially for high-frequency operation, broadband performance, two-dimensional (2D) phase control with large antenna arrays, and strong phase modulation. Here, we introduce a photonic platform to realize a THz phased array that bypasses the above challenges. Our method employs 2D phase coding with 2-bit across a broad THz frequency range from 0.8 to 1.4 THz. The core of our design is a pixelated nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface driven by a spatially modulated femtosecond laser, allowing precise phase control of THz signals. We showcase the effectiveness of our method through four proof-of-concept applications: single beamforming, dual beamforming, imaging and vortex beam generation. The realized photonic platform provides a promising pathway for developing broadband phased arrays in the THz regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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Emerging chiral optics from chiral interfaces

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Physical Review B 2021年第19期103卷 195405-195405页

作者： Xinyan Zhang Yuhan Zhong Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Twisted atomic bilayers are emerging platforms for manipulating chiral light-matter interaction at the extreme nanoscale, due to their inherent magnetoelectric responses induced by the finite twist angle and quantum interlayer coupling between the atomic layers. Recent studies have reported the direct correspondence between twisted atomic bilayers and chiral metasurfaces, which features a chiral surface conductivity, in addition to the electric and magnetic surface conductivities. However, far-field chiral optics in light of these constitutive conductivities remains unexplored. Within the framework of the full Maxwell equations, we find that the chiral surface conductivity can be exploited to realize perfect polarization transformation between linearly polarized light. Remarkably, such an exotic chiral phenomenon can occur either for the reflected or transmitted light. Moreover, we reveal that all transmitted light through the judiciously designed chiral surface conductivity can always have the polarization different from the incident light, irrespective of the incident angle.

关键词： Electromagnetism Extraordinary optical transmission Light-matter interaction Refraction

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Spinful Topological Phases in Acoustic Crystals with Projective PT Symmetry

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第2期130卷 026101-026101页

作者： Yan Meng Shuxin Lin Bin-jie Shi Bin Wei Linyun Yang Bei Yan Zhenxiao Zhu Xiang Xi Yin Wang Yong Ge Shou-qi Yuan Jingming Chen Gui-Geng Liu Hong-xiang Sun Hongsheng Chen Yihao Yang Zhen Gao Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology School of Physics and Electronics Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China SKLSM Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China

For the classification of topological phases of matter, an important consideration is whether a system is spinless or spinful, as these two classes have distinct symmetry algebra that gives rise to fundamentally different topological phases. However, only recently has it been realized theoretically that in the presence of gauge symmetry, the algebraic structure of symmetries can be projectively represented, which possibly enables the switch between spinless and spinful topological phases. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of this idea by realizing spinful topological phases in “spinless” acoustic crystals with projective space-time inversion symmetry. In particular, we realize a one-dimensional topologically gapped phase characterized by a 2Z winding number, which features double-degenerate bands in the entire Brillouin zone and two pairs of degenerate topological boundary modes. Our Letter thus overcomes a fundamental constraint on topological phases by spin classes.

关键词： Acoustics Edge states Topological insulators 1-dimensional systems Finite-element method Gauge symmetries Projective symmetries Tight-binding model

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