Liquid lenses based on electrowetting have a variety of applications in the fields of optics and imaging. A rapid and stable response to the applied driving voltage is crucial for the operation of such devices. This p...
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Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated remarkable progress in optoelectronic applications, including solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the long-term stability of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) remai...
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The neutral layer (NL) strategy is a key technique for improving the bendability of flexible electronic devices. In this study, by considering a three-layer structure as an example, the results obtained by finite elem...
The neutral layer (NL) strategy is a key technique for improving the bendability of flexible electronic devices. In this study, by considering a three-layer structure as an example, the results obtained by finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the NL gradually moved to the top surface of the film as the film thickness and Young’s modulus increased, which are similar to the results produced by theoretical calculations. Subsequently, we optimized the thickness of a single NL structure and the failure bending radius of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was reduced by 50% after optimization. In order to address the problems that affect the design of a single NL, we used optical clear adhesive (OCA) to generate multiple NLs. The FEA method was again applied to the structure and the results showed that decreasing the elastic modulus of the OCA and film thickness could reduce the maximum strain in the film. Finally, the effects of the OCA parameters on the protection of a multiple-layer ITO electrode structure were verified in bending experiments, which showed that the strain on ITO could be reduced from 5.6% to almost 0 in the two-electrode structure. The proposed strategies for designing single and multiple NLs can provide some guidance to facilitate optimizing the electronic infrastructure of flexible devices.
Recent advances in artificial olfactory systems have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in humanoid robots and intelligent nasal devices capable of identifying objects and sensing hazards...
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We have designed and synthesized 2-(9,9'-spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (SBFPA) and investigated its optoelectrical and thermal characteristics to apply it as a charge generation layer (CGL). The SBFPA...
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Neuromorphic devices, inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain, have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities. Vision, the primar...
Neuromorphic devices, inspired by the intricate architecture of the human brain, have garnered recognition for their prodigious computational speed and sophisticated parallel computing capabilities. Vision, the primary mode of external information acquisition in living organisms,has garnered substantial scholarly interest. Notwithstanding numerous studies simulating the retina through optical synapses, their applications remain circumscribed to single-mode perception. Moreover, the pivotal role of temperature, a fundamental regulator of biological activities, has regrettably been relegated to the periphery. To address these limitations, we proffer a neuromorphic device endowed with multimodal perception, grounded in the principles of light-modulated semiconductors. This device seamlessly accomplishes dynamic hybrid visual and thermal multimodal perception, featuring temperature-dependent paired pulse facilitation properties and adaptive storage. Crucially, our meticulous examination of transfer curves,capacitance–voltage(C–V) tests, and noise measurements provides insights into interface and bulk defects, elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying adaptive storage and other functionalities. Additionally, the device demonstrates a variety of synaptic functionalities,including filtering properties, Ebbinghaus curves, and memory applications in image recognition. Surprisingly, the digital recognition rate achieves a remarkable value of 98.8%.
This paper utilizes multilayer organic light-emitting diodes with a thin layer of dye molecules to study the mech- anism of charge trapping under different electric regimes. It demonstrates that the carrier trapping w...
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This paper utilizes multilayer organic light-emitting diodes with a thin layer of dye molecules to study the mech- anism of charge trapping under different electric regimes. It demonstrates that the carrier trapping was independent of the current density in devices using fluorescent material as the emitting molecule while this process was exactly opposite when phosphorescent material was used. The triplet-triplet annihilation and dissociation of excitons into free charge carriers was considered to contribute to the decrease in phosphorescent emission under high electric fields. Moreover, the fluorescent dye molecule with a lower energy gap and ionized potential than the host emitter was observed to facilitate the carrier trapping mechanism, and it would produce photon emission.
The electron mobilities of 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BPhen) doped 8-hydroxyquinolinatolithium (Liq) at various thicknesses (50-300 nm) have been estimated by using space-charge-limited current measurem...
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The electron mobilities of 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BPhen) doped 8-hydroxyquinolinatolithium (Liq) at various thicknesses (50-300 nm) have been estimated by using space-charge-limited current measurements. It is observed that the electron mobility of 33 wt% Liq doped BPhen approaches its true value when the thickness is more than 200 rim. The electron mobility of 33 wt% Liq doped BPhen at 300 nm is found to be -5.2 × 10^-3 cm^2/(V.s) (at 0.3 MV/cm) with weak dependence on electric field, which is about one order of magnitude higher than that of pristine BPhen (3.4 × 10^-4 cm^2/(V.s)) measured by SCLC. For the typical thickness of organic light-emitting devices, the electron mobility of doped BPhen is also investigated.
Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) based on metal/transparent conductive oxide composite anodes, which were Al/ITO and Ag/ITO, were studied. The microcavity effect was optimized by adjusting the micr...
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We have improved the photovoltaic performance of 2,4-bis[4-(N,N- diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (DIBSQ:PC71BM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells via i...
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We have improved the photovoltaic performance of 2,4-bis[4-(N,N- diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine:[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (DIBSQ:PC71BM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells via incorporating Liq-doped Bphen (Bphen-Liq) as a cathode buffer layer (CBL). Based on the Bphen-Liq CBL, a DIBSQ:PC71BM OPV cell possessed an optimal power conversion efficiency of 4.90%, which was 13% and 60% higher than those of the devices with neat Bphen as CBL and without CBL, respectively. The enhancement of the device performance could be attributed to the enhanced electron mobility and improved electrode/active layer contact and thus the improved photocurrent extraction by incorporating the Bphen-Liq CBL. Light-intensity dependent device performance analysis indicates that the incorporating of the Bphen-Liq CBL can remarkably improve the charge transport of the DIBSQ:PC71BM OPV cell and thus decrease the recombination losses of the device, resulting in enhanced device performance. Our finding indicates that the doped Bphen-Liq CBL has great potential for high-performance solution-processed small-molecule OPVs.
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