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Strengthening and toughening mechanisms of martensite-bainite microstructure in 2 GPa ultra-high strength steel during hot stamping

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 19-33页

作者： Yanli SONG Ye LI Jue LU Lin HUA Yanfeng GU Yikuan YANG Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

In response to the growing demand for energy efficiency, safety, and lightweight designs in new energy vehicles, this study addresses the challenge of balancing strength and toughness in ultra-high strength steel(UHSS) components produced by hot stamping. An innovative hot stamping process based on a martensite-bainite(M-B) complex-phase microstructure was proposed to enhance the strength and toughness of UHSS. The microstructural evolution of the M-B complexphase during the hot stamping process was investigated using commercial B1800HS steel. With a microstructure consisting of 87.4.% martensite, 8.7% lower bainite, and 3.9% film-like retained austenite by volume fraction, the steel achieved a tensile strength of 1944 MPa, total elongation of 9.66%, and impact energy of 25.8 J. Compared with conventional hot stamping, the strength of the material showed only a slight improvement, whereas elongation and impact energy were enhanced by approximately 53% and 32%, respectively. A quantitative relationship among process parameters, resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties was established. Optimization between strength and toughness was observed when the low bainite volume fraction ranged from 5.06% to 8.73%. The toughening mechanisms are attributed to the refinement of martensite lath bundles(width of 202 nm) facilitated by bainite formation, the increase in high-angle grain boundaries, and the presence of nanoscale retained austenite(width of 80 nm) between the laths. Additionally, the refinement of grains and the formation of nanoscale(Nb, Ti)C precipitates(diameter of 17 nm) further contributed to the overall strength. The developed M-B complexphase process, which involves medium-temperature slow cooling followed by rapid low-temperature quenching, provides an optimal combination of strength and toughness for a wide range of applications.

关键词： ultra-high strength steel hot stamping strengthening and toughening mechanisms martensite-bainite complex-phase microstructure

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Degradation mechanism,direct regeneration and upcycling of ternary cathode material for retired lithium-ion power batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第3期102卷 534-554页

作者： Juan Wang Dongqi Li Weihao Zeng Xingye Chen Yixin Zhang Shaojie Zhang Zhongpeng Li Changhao Li Shichun Mu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource ***,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently *** to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread ***,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up *** promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and *** on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are ***,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in ***,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed ***,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.

关键词： Spent NCM materials Retired lithium-ion power battery Degradation mechanism Direct regeneration Upcycling strategy

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Designing carboxymethyl cellulose based hydrogel electrolyte membranes enhanced by inorganic nanoparticle toward stable zinc anode

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第3期10卷 537-550页

作者： Xiangye Li Yuan Li Yu Jiang Dahui Wang Fen Ran State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals Department of Polymeric Materials EngineeringSchool of Material Science and EngineeringLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered substantial attention ascribing to affordability,intrinsic safety,and environmental benignity Nevertheless,zinc metal batteries yet are challenged with potential service life issues resulted from dendrites and side *** this paper,a strategy of nanoparticles doped hydrogel is proposed for constructing carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hybrid hydrogel electrolyte membranes with exceptional ionic conductivity,anti-swelling property,and simultaneously addressing the dendrites and parasitic *** pivotal functions of the carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte in mitigating hydrogen evolution and fostering accelerated Zn deposition have been elucidated based on principles of thermodynamic and reaction *** carboxymethyl cellulose/graphite oxide hydrogel electrolyte endows exceptional cycling longevity (800 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2)) for Znjj Zn battery,as well as high Coulombic efficiency for Znjj Cu battery (averagely 99.14%within 439 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2)/1 mAh cm^(-2)).The assembled Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)battery delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 328.5 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).Moreover,the device of Znjj NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)pouch battery remains operational under severe conditions like bending and *** work provides valuable reference in developing inorganic nanoparticle hybrid hydrogel electrolyte for realizing high-performance zinc metal batteries.

关键词： Carboxymethyl cellulose Graphite oxide Hydrogel electrolyte Anti-swelling

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Temperature fields prediction for the casting process by a conditional diffusion model

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China Foundry 2025年第2期22卷 139-150页

作者： Jin-wu Kang Jing-xi Zhu Qi-chao Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Deep learning has achieved great progress in image recognition,segmentation,semantic recognition and game *** this study,a latest deep learning model,a conditional diffusion model was adopted as a surrogate model to predict the heat transfer during the casting process instead of numerical *** conditional diffusion model was established and trained with the geometry shapes,initial temperature fields and temperature fields at t_(i) as the condition and random noise sampled from standard normal distribution as the *** output was the temperature field at t_(i+1).Therefore,the temperature field at t_(i+1)can be predicted as the temperature field at t_(i) is known,and the continuous temperature fields of all the time steps can be predicted based on the initial temperature field of an arbitrary 2D geometry.A training set with 3022D shapes and their simulated temperature fields at different time steps was *** accuracy for the temperature field for a single time step reaches 97.7%,and that for continuous time steps reaches 69.1%with the main error actually existing in the sand *** effect of geometry shape and initial temperature field on the prediction accuracy was investigated,the former achieves better result than the latter because the former can identify casting,mold and chill by different colors in the input *** diffusion model has proved the potential as a surrogate model for numerical simulation of the casting process.

关键词： diffusion model U-Net casting simulation heat transfer

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Mechanical Response and Superelastic Properties of Cu-11.85Al-3.2Mn-0.1Ti TPMS Structures Printed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2025年第1期38卷 17-30页

作者： Mingzhu Dang Honghao Xiang Jingjing Li Chunsheng Ye Chao Cai Qingsong Wei State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina

Triply periodic minimal surfaces(TPMS)are structures with smooth surfaces and excellent energy absorption *** new functional materials,such as shape memory alloys,with TPMS structures provides a novel and promising research *** this study,three TPMS structures(Gyroid,Diamond,and Primitive)of Cu-11.85Al-3.2Mn-0.1Ti alloy were printed by laser powder bed fusion,which is favorable for the fabrication of complex *** manufacturing fidelity,mechanical response,and superelastic properties of the three structures were *** distributions in the three structures during compression were analyzed by finite element(FE)*** three structures were equipped with high-quality,glossy surfaces and uniform ***,due to powder adhesion and forming steps,there were volumetric errors and dimensional deviations between the samples and the CAD *** errors were within 1.6%for the Gyroid and Diamond *** dimensional deviations at the nodes in the three structures were less than 0.09 *** microstructures of all structures wereβ1´martensite,consistent with the cubic *** results of compression showed that the structures underwent a layer-by-layer compression failure mode,and the Primitive structures exhibited a more pronounced oscillatory *** Diamond structures showed the highest first fracture stress and strain of 164.67 MPa and 13.89%,*** also possessed the lowest yield strength(61.97 MPa)and the best energy absorption properties(7.6 MJ/m3).Through the deformation analysis,the Gyroid and Diamond structures were found to fracture at a 45°direction,while the Primitive structures fractured *** findings were consistent with the results obtained from the FE simulation,which showed equivalent stress *** applying various pre-strains,the Diamond structures displayed the highest superelastic strain of up to 3.53%.The superelastic recovery of all samples r

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Shape memory alloy Triply periodic minimal surfaces Mechanical response Energy absorption

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First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of F-Doped Diamond

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Journal of Electronic materials 2025年 1-9页

作者： Yin, Jianbo Zhang, Wenjing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non–ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China

Diamond is renowned for its excellent physical and chemical properties and is regarded as a wide-bandgap semiconductor material. However, the excessive width of its intrinsic bandgap, which is 5.47 eV, severely hinders its extensive application in the field of electronic devices. Based on the first-principles theory, this paper uses the CASTEP module to conduct meticulous and systematic calculations on the electronic structures and optical properties of fluorine-doped diamonds at different concentrations. The comprehensive calculation results vividly show that, in terms of electrical properties, the introduction of fluorine atoms triggers the formation of an intermediate impurity band in the diamond lattice, which facilitates electron transition and leads to the formation of F–C covalent bonds. In terms of optical properties, this change significantly enhances the light absorption capacity of diamond in the visible light range, effectively overcoming the poor absorption properties of undoped diamonds in this wavelength range. Among the different doping ratios studied, diamond with an F:C doping ratio of 1:31 exhibits the best performance. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Semiconducting diamonds

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Effect of Ti Additions on Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of W-Ti Alloys: A First-principles Study

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 246-257页

作者： ZHANG Jian NIE Wei HUANG Jin ZHU Ke LIU Ruxia ZHANG Ruizhi LUO Guoqiang SHEN Qiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The mechanical and thermodynamic properties of W-Ti alloys(including W_(15)Ti_(1),W_(14)Ti_(2),W_(12)Ti_(4) and W_(8)Ti_(8) alloys)were investigated by the first-principles approach based on density functional *** results indicate that W-Ti alloys except W_(8)Ti_(8) are thermodynamically *** modulus and hardness of W-Ti alloys are smaller than those of pure tungsten and gradually decrease with increasing Ti ***,their B/G ratios and Poisson's ratios exceed those of pure tungsten,suggesting that the introduction of Ti decreases the mechanical strength while enhancing the ductility of W-Ti *** thermal expansion coefficients for W-Ti alloys all surpass those of pure tungsten,indicating that the introduction of titanium exacerbates the thermal expansion behavior of W-Ti ***,elevated pressure has the capacity to suppress the thermal expansion tendencies in titanium-doped tungsten *** study offers theoretical insights for the design of nuclear materials by exploring the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of W-Ti alloys.

关键词： first-principles mechanical properties thermodynamic properties tungsten-titanium alloys

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Optimizing the overall performance of Cu–Ni–Si alloy via controllingnanometer-lamellar discontinuous precipitation structure

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2025年第4期32卷 915-924页

作者： Jinyu Liang Guoliang Xie Feixiang Liu Wenli Xue Rui Wang Xinhua Liu Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing(MOE) Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Materials Genome Engineering Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China

Simultaneously achieving high strength and high electrical conductivity in Cu–Ni–Si alloys pose a significant challenge, which greatly constrains its applications in the electronics industry. This paper offers a new pathway to improve properties, by preparation of nanometer lamellar discontinuous precipitates(DPs) arranged with the approximate same direction through a combination of deformationaging and cold rolling process. The strengthening effect is primarily attributed to nanometer-lamellar DPs strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanism. The accumulation of dislocations at the interface between nanometer lamellar DPs and matrix during cold deformation process can results in the decrease of dislocation density inside the matrix grains, leading to the acceptably slight reduction of electrical conductivity during cold rolling. The alloy exhibits an electrical conductivity of 45.32%IACS(international annealed copper standard, IACS), a tensile strength of 882.67 MPa, and a yield strength of 811.33 MPa by this method. This study can provide a guidance for the composition and microstructure design of a Cu–Ni–Si alloy in the future, by controlling the morphology and distribution of DPs.

关键词： Cu–Ni–Si alloys discontinuous precipitates nanometer-lamellar strengthening dislocation strengthening

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Ultrafast Laser Irradiation Induced Oxidation of Dopant-Free Spiro-OMeTAD for Improving the Perovskite Solar Cells Performance

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Energy & Environmental materials 2025年第2期8卷 288-294页

作者： Jiaqi Meng Xiangyu Chen Weihan Li Nianyao Chai Zhongle Zeng Yunfan Yue Fengyi Zhao Xuewen Wang Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology International School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory

The exceptional photoelectric performance and high compatibility of perovskite materials render perovskite solar cells highly promising for extensive development,thus garnering significant *** perovskite solar cells,the hole transport layer plays a crucial *** the commonly employed organic small molecule hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD,a certain period of oxidation treatment is required to achieve complete transport ***,this posttreatment oxidation processes typically rely on ambient oxidation,which poses challenges in terms of precise control and leads to degradation of the perovskite light absorption *** approach fails to meet the demands for high efficiency and stability in practical ***,the mechanism of ultrafast laser on Spiro-OMeTAD and the reaction process for laser-induced oxidation of it are ***2at Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface breaks down to produce I2upon ultrafast laser irradiation and I2promote the oxidation *** the laser irradiation oxidation processing,a higher stability of perovskite solar cells is *** work establishes a new approach toward oxidation treatment of Spiro-OMeTAD.

关键词： hole transport layer perovskite solar cells ultrafast laser irradiation undoped Spiro-OMeTAD

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Achieving further refinement of grain structure and improvement of mechanical properties in Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg alloy by Al-Ti-C-B master alloy addition and deep cryogenic treatment

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China Foundry 2025年第1期22卷 75-82页

作者： Lin-fei Xia Wen-bo Li Zuo-shan Wei Yu-ying Wu Xiang-fa Liu China Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Aluminum Materials and Technology Binzhou Institute of TechnologyBinzhou 256600ShandongChina

Near-eutectic Al-Si alloys are widely used in automotive manufacturing due to their superior wear resistance and high temperature *** of high Si content,the grain refinement of near-eutectic Al-Si alloy has been a problem for many *** this study,the effect of deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-Mg alloy with addition of Al-Ti-C-B master alloy was fully *** show that the average grain size of the alloy is greatly reduced from 0.92 mm to 0.50 mm,and the eutectic Si and Al7Cu4Ni precipitates are spheroidized and refined in Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-Mg after DCT for 24 h and aging *** these changes of microstructures result in a significant increment of about 22.5%in elongation and a slight enhancement of about 6.8%in tensile ***,the refinement of microstructure also significantly improves the fatigue life of the alloy.

关键词： deep cryogenic treatment near-eutectic Al-Si master alloy microstructure mechanical properties

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