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Strengthening and toughening mechanisms of martensite-bainite microstructure in 2 GPa ultra-high strength steel during hot stamping

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 19-33页

作者： Yanli SONG Ye LI Jue LU Lin HUA Yanfeng GU Yikuan YANG Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

In response to the growing demand for energy efficiency, safety, and lightweight designs in new energy vehicles, this study addresses the challenge of balancing strength and toughness in ultra-high strength steel(UHSS) components produced by hot stamping. An innovative hot stamping process based on a martensite-bainite(M-B) complex-phase microstructure was proposed to enhance the strength and toughness of UHSS. The microstructural evolution of the M-B complexphase during the hot stamping process was investigated using commercial B1800HS steel. With a microstructure consisting of 87.4.% martensite, 8.7% lower bainite, and 3.9% film-like retained austenite by volume fraction, the steel achieved a tensile strength of 1944 MPa, total elongation of 9.66%, and impact energy of 25.8 J. Compared with conventional hot stamping, the strength of the material showed only a slight improvement, whereas elongation and impact energy were enhanced by approximately 53% and 32%, respectively. A quantitative relationship among process parameters, resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties was established. Optimization between strength and toughness was observed when the low bainite volume fraction ranged from 5.06% to 8.73%. The toughening mechanisms are attributed to the refinement of martensite lath bundles(width of 202 nm) facilitated by bainite formation, the increase in high-angle grain boundaries, and the presence of nanoscale retained austenite(width of 80 nm) between the laths. Additionally, the refinement of grains and the formation of nanoscale(Nb, Ti)C precipitates(diameter of 17 nm) further contributed to the overall strength. The developed M-B complexphase process, which involves medium-temperature slow cooling followed by rapid low-temperature quenching, provides an optimal combination of strength and toughness for a wide range of applications.

关键词： ultra-high strength steel hot stamping strengthening and toughening mechanisms martensite-bainite complex-phase microstructure

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Temperature fields prediction for the casting process by a conditional diffusion model

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China Foundry 2025年第2期22卷 139-150页

作者： Jin-wu Kang Jing-xi Zhu Qi-chao Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Deep learning has achieved great progress in image recognition,segmentation,semantic recognition and game *** this study,a latest deep learning model,a conditional diffusion model was adopted as a surrogate model to predict the heat transfer during the casting process instead of numerical *** conditional diffusion model was established and trained with the geometry shapes,initial temperature fields and temperature fields at t_(i) as the condition and random noise sampled from standard normal distribution as the *** output was the temperature field at t_(i+1).Therefore,the temperature field at t_(i+1)can be predicted as the temperature field at t_(i) is known,and the continuous temperature fields of all the time steps can be predicted based on the initial temperature field of an arbitrary 2D geometry.A training set with 3022D shapes and their simulated temperature fields at different time steps was *** accuracy for the temperature field for a single time step reaches 97.7%,and that for continuous time steps reaches 69.1%with the main error actually existing in the sand *** effect of geometry shape and initial temperature field on the prediction accuracy was investigated,the former achieves better result than the latter because the former can identify casting,mold and chill by different colors in the input *** diffusion model has proved the potential as a surrogate model for numerical simulation of the casting process.

关键词： diffusion model U-Net casting simulation heat transfer

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Degradation mechanism,direct regeneration and upcycling of ternary cathode material for retired lithium-ion power batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第3期102卷 534-554页

作者： Juan Wang Dongqi Li Weihao Zeng Xingye Chen Yixin Zhang Shaojie Zhang Zhongpeng Li Changhao Li Shichun Mu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

With the approaching of large-scale retirement of power lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),their urgent handling is required for environmental protection and resource ***,at present,substantial spent power batteries,especially for those high recovery value cathode materials,have not been greenly,sustainably,and efficiently *** to the traditional recovery method for cathode materials with high energy consumption and severe secondary pollution,the direct repair regeneration,as a new type of short-process and efficient treatment methods,has attracted widespread ***,it still faces challenges in homogenization repair,electrochemical performance decline,and scaling-up *** promote the direct regeneration technology development of failed NCM materials,herein we deeply discuss the failure mechanism of nickel-cobalt-manganese(NCM)ternary cathode materials,including element loss,Li/Ni mixing,phase transformation,structural defects,oxygen release,and surface degradation and *** on this,the detailed analysis and summary of the direct regeneration method embracing solid-phase sintering,eutectic salt assistance,solvothermal synthesis,sol-gel process,spray drying,and redox mediation are ***,the upcycling strategy for regeneration materials,such as single-crystallization and high-nickelization,structural regulation,ion doping,and surface engineering,are discussed in ***,the challenges faced by the direct regeneration and corresponding countermeasures are pointed ***,this review provides valuable guidance for the efficient and high-value recovery of failed cathode materials.

关键词： Spent NCM materials Retired lithium-ion power battery Degradation mechanism Direct regeneration Upcycling strategy

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Microstructure Regulation and Combustion Performance Optimization of PVDF/Al Composite Powder by Non-covalent Functionalized Graphenes

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 904-911页

作者：易卓然 DENG Haoyuan QIN Mei 孙一 LUO Guoqiang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Graphene prepared by non-covalent modification of sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone)(SPG)was combined with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/Al to improve the PVDF/Al thermal conductivity while reducing the effect of the thermal resistance at the graphene-polymer *** regulation rule of SPG with different contents on the energy release of fluorine-containing system was *** the content of SPG is 4%,the peak pressure and rise rate of SPG/PVDF/Al composite powder during ignition reach the maximum of 4845.28 kPa and 8683.58 kPa/*** the content of SPG is 5%,the PVDF/Al composite powder is completely coated by SPG,and the calorific value of the material reachs the maximum of 29.094 kJ/*** the design and micro-control of the composite powder,the calorific value of the material can be effectively improved,but the improvement of the mass release rate still depends on the graphene content and surface modification state.

关键词： energetic materials PVDF/Al composites graphene modification energy release combustion

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Control of interfacial reaction and defect formation in Gd/Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) composites with excellent thermoelectric and magnetocaloric properties

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 474-481页

作者：薛天畅魏平刘承姗李龙舟朱婉婷聂晓蕾赵文俞 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

The method to combine thermoelectric(TE)and magnetocaloric(MC)cooling techniques lies in developing a new material that simultaneously possesses a large TE and good MC cooling *** this work,using n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3)(BTS)as the TE base material and Gd as the second-phase MC material,Gd/BTS composites were prepared by the spark plasma sintering *** the composites,interfacial reaction between Gd and BTS was identified,resulting in the formation of Gd Te,which has a large impact on the electron concentration through the adjustment of defect *** MC/TE composite containing 2.5 wt%Gd exhibited a ZT value of 0.6 at 300 K,essentially retaining the original TE performance,while all the composites largely maintained the excellent MC performance of *** work provides a potential pathway to achieving high performance in MC/TE composites.

关键词： thermo-electro-magnetic energy conversion materials interfacial reaction thermoelectric performance magnetic entropy change

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Effect of Molecular Weight on Thermoelectric Performance of P3HT Analogues with 2-Propoxyethyl Side Chains

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 268-281页

作者：董得福 WANG Wei ZHAN Chun LI Chenglong ZHOU Qisheng 肖生强 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

By replacing hexyl chains in poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)with 2-propoxyethyls,four poly(3-(2-propoxyethyl)thiophene)(P3POET)homopolymers with comparable polydispersity indexes(PDI)and regioregularities were prepared herein in addition with step increment of about 7 kDa on numberaverage molecular weight(M_(n))from around 11 to 32 kDa(accordingly denoted as P11k,P18k,P25k,and P32k).When doped in film by FeCl_(3)at the optimized conditions,the maximum power factor(PF_(max))increases greatly from 4.3μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)for P11k to 8.8μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)for P18k,and further to 9.7μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)for P25k,followed by a slight decrease to 9.2μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)for *** close Seebeck coefficients(S)at PF_(max)are observed in these doped polymer films due to their consistent frontier orbital energy levels and Fermi *** main contribution to this PF_(max)evolution thus comes from the corresponding conductivities(σ).Theσvariation of the doped films can be rationally correlated with their microstructure evolution.

关键词： conjugated polymer molecular weight microstructure thermoelectric performance

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Intelligent casting:Empowering the future foundry industry

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China Foundry 2024年第5期21卷 409-426页

作者： Jin-wu Kang Bao-lin Liu Tao Jing Hou-fa Shen School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Emerging technological advances are reshaping the casting sector in latest *** technology is evolving towards intelligent casting paradigm that involves automation,greenization and intelligentization,which attracts more and more attention from the academic and industry *** this paper,the main features of casting technology were briefly summarized and forecasted,and the recent developments of key technologies and the innovative efforts made in promoting intelligent casting process were ***,the technical visions of intelligent casting process were also put *** key technologies for intelligent casting process comprise 3D printing technologies,intelligent mold technologies and intelligent process control *** future,the intelligent mold that derived from mold with sensors,control devices and actuators will probably incorporate the Internet of Things,online inspection,embedded simulation,decision-making and control system,and other technologies to form intelligent cyber-physical casting system,which may pave the way to realize intelligent *** is promising that the intelligent casting process will eventually achieve the goal of real-time process optimization and full-scale control,with the defects,microstructure,performance,and service life of the fabricated castings can be accurately predicted and tailored.

关键词： intelligent casting 3D printing intelligent mold process control cyber-physical casting system embedded simulation

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Ultrastrong MXene film bridged by liquid metal

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Science China materials 2024年第12期67卷 4115-4116页

作者： Zhengyi Fu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Two-dimensional(2D)titanium carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))MXene nanosheets show promising mechanical and electrical properties,indicating great potential applications in aerospace and electronic devices,etc.[1,2].There are many assembling approaches including vacuum filtration,blade coating and layer-by-layer[3–5].However,it still remains a great challenge to realize the intrinsic performance of MXene nanosheets into macroscopic film due to low stress transfer efficiency,which usually is indued by the voids and misalignment during the assembling process[6].Thus,it remains a great challenge to assemble MXene nanosheets into high-performance macroscopic MXene films.

关键词： carbide coating film

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Numerical simulation on directional solidification and heat treatment processes of turbine blades

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China Foundry 2024年第5期21卷 476-490页

作者： Ye-yuan Hu Ju-huai Ma Qing-yan Xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityKey Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing TechnologyMinistry of EducationBeijing 100084China

Study on turbine blades is crucial due to their critical role in ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of aircraft ***-based single crystal superalloys are extensively used in the hot manufacturing of turbine blades due to their exceptional high-temperature mechanical *** hot manufacturing of single crystal blades involves directional solidification and heat *** manufacturing of these blades is time-consuming,capital-intensive,and often insufficient to meet industrial *** simulation techniques have gained widespread acceptance in blade manufacturing research due to their low energy consumption,high efficiency,and rapid turnaround *** article introduces the modeling and simulation of hot manufacturing in single crystal *** discussion outlines the prevalent mathematical models employed in numerical simulations related to blade hot *** encapsulates the advancements in research concerning macro to micro-level numerical simulation techniques for directional solidification and heat treatment ***,potential future trajectories for the numerical simulation of single crystal blade hot manufacturing are also discussed.

关键词： single crystal blades Ni-based superalloy directional solidification heat treatment numerical simulation

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Bioprocess inspired formation of calcite mesocrystals by cation-mediated particle attachment mechanism

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National Science Review 2023年第4期10卷 159-168页

作者： Qihang Wang Bicheng Yuan Wenyang Huang Hang Ping Jingjing Xie Kun Wang Weimin Wang Zhaoyong Zou Zhengyi Fu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Longzhong Laboratory

Calcite mesocrystals were proposed, and have been widely reported, to form in the presence of polymer additives via oriented assembly of nanoparticles. However, the formation mechanism and the role of polymer additives remain elusive. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process of sea urchin spine comprising magnesium calcite mesocrystals, we show that calcite mesocrystals could also be obtained via atachment of amorphous calcium carbonate(ACC) nanoparticles in the presence of inorganic zinc ***, we demonstrate that zinc ions can induce the formation of temporarily stabilized amorphous nanoparticles of less than 20 nm at a significantly lower calcium carbonate concentration as compared to pure solution, which is energetically beneficial for the atachment and occlusion during calcite growth. The cation-mediated particle atachment crystallization significantly improves our understanding of mesocrystal formation mechanisms in biomineralization and offers new opportunities to bioprocess inspired inorganic ions regulated materials fabrication.

关键词： nonclassical crystallization mesocrystal calcium carbonate zinc ion particle attachment

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