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COATS:Comprehensive observation on the atmospheric boundary layer three-dimensional structure during haze pollution in the North china Plain

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Science china Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 939-958页

作者： Qianhui LI Hongsheng ZHANG Xiaoye ZHANG Xuhui CAI Xipeng JIN Lu ZHANG Yu SONG Ling KANG Fei HU Tong ZHU Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Meteorological Service CenterTianjin Meteorological BureauTianjin 300074China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The North china Plain(NCP)is troubled by severe haze pollution and the evolution of haze pollution is closely related to the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL).However,experimental and theoretical studies on the physical-chemical processes of the ABL in the NCP are lacking,with many scientific problems to be *** solve these problems,the Comprehensive Observation on the Atmospheric boundary layer Three-dimensional Structure(COATS)during haze pollution was carried out in the NCP from 2016 to *** COATS experiment adopted a"point-line-surface"spatial layout,obtaining both spatial-temporal profiles of the meteorological and environmental elements in the ABL and the turbulent transport data of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in winter and *** research achievements are as *** spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the ABL structure and PM_(2.5)concentrations in NCP were *** typical thermal structure of persistent heavy haze events and the pollutant removal mechanism by low-level jets were *** was determined that the spatial structure of the ABL adjusted by the Taihang Mountains is responsible for the heterogeneous distribution of haze pollution in the NCP,and that mountain-induced vertical circulations can promote the formation of elevated pollution *** restraints of the atmospheric internal boundaries on horizontal diffusion of pollutants were *** contribution of the ABL to haze pollution in winter and summer was qualitatively compared and quantitatively *** turbulent transport nature behind the relationship between the atmospheric boundary layer height(ABLH)and surface PM_(2.5)concentrations was *** concept of"aerosol accumulation layer"was defined,and the applicability of the material method in determining ABLH was clarified.A measurement system for obtaining the turbulent flux of PM_(2.5)concentrations was developed,and the turbulence characteristics of PM_(2.5)concentrations w

关键词： COATS experiment Haze pollution ABL three-dimensional structure Aerosol accumulation layer Turbulent flux of PM_(2.5)concentrations North china Plain

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On the Two Successive Supercold Waves Straddling the End of 2020 and the Beginning of 2021

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第4期39卷 591-608页

作者： Cholaw BUEH Jingbei PENG Dawei LIN Bomin CHEN International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LASW)&Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Shanghai Climate Center Shanghai 200030China

Two supercold waves straddling 2020 and 2021 successively hit china and caused record-breaking extremely low *** this study,the distinct features of these two supercold waves are analyzed on the medium-range time *** blocking pattern from the Kara Sea to Lake Baikal characterized the first cold wave,while the large-scale tilted ridge and trough over the Asian continent featured the second cold *** to the cold waves,both the northwest and hyperpolar paths of cold air contributed to a zonally extensive cold air accumulation in the key region of *** might be the primary reason why strong and extensive supercold waves occur even under the Arctic amplification *** two cold waves straddling 2020 and 2021 exhibited distinct features:(1)the blocking circulation occurred to the north or the east of the Ural Mountains and was not confined only to the Ural Mountains as it was for the earlier cold waves;(2)the collocation of the Asian blocking pattern and the polar vortex deflection towards East Asia preferred the hyperpolar path of cold air accumulation and the subsequent southward outburst;and(3)both high-and low-frequency processes worked in concert,leading to the very intense cold *** cold air advance along the northwest path,which coincides with the southeastward intrusion of the Siberian High(SH)front edge,is associated with the high-frequency process,while the cold air movement along the hyperpolar path,which is close to the eastern edge of the SH,is controlled by the low-frequency process.

关键词： cold wave Siberian high hyperpolar path blocking large-scale tilted ridge and trough

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cloudViT:A Lightweight Ground-Based cloud Image Classification Model with the Ability to Capture Global Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第6期83卷 5729-5746页

作者： Daoming Wei Fangyan Ge Bopeng Zhang Zhiqiang Zhao Dequan Li Lizong Xi Jinrong Hu Xin Wang National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Spatial Information Beijing100029China School of Artificial Intelligence Neijiang Normal UniversityNeijiang641100China CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory Beijing100081China GansuWeather Modification Office Lanzhou730020China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity at AlbanyState University of New YorkNew YorkNY 12144USA

Accurate cloud classification plays a crucial role in aviation safety,climate monitoring,and localized weather *** research has been focusing on machine learning techniques,particularly deep learning based model,for the types ***,traditional approaches such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs)encounter difficulties in capturing global contextual *** addition,they are computationally expensive,which restricts their usability in resource-limited *** tackle these issues,we present the cloud Vision Transformer(cloudViT),a lightweight model that integrates CNNs with *** integration enables an effective balance between local and global feature *** be specific,cloudViT comprises two innovative modules:Feature Extraction(E_Module)and Downsampling(D_Module).These modules are able to significantly reduce the number of model parameters and computational complexity while maintaining translation invariance and enhancing contextual ***,the cloudViT includes 0.93×10^(6)parameters,which decreases more than ten times compared to the SOTA(State-of-the-Art)model *** evaluations conducted on the HBMCD and SWIMCAT datasets showcase the outstanding performance of *** achieves classification accuracies of 98.45%and 100%,***,the efficiency and scalability of cloudViT make it an ideal candidate for deployment inmobile cloud observation systems,enabling real-time cloud image *** proposed hybrid architecture of cloudViT offers a promising approach for advancing ground-based cloud image *** holds significant potential for both optimizing performance and facilitating practical deployment scenarios.

关键词： Image classification ground-based cloud images lightweight neural networks attention mechanism deep learning vision transformer

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Solar X-ray and EUV imager on board the FY-3E satellite

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 2939-2951页

作者： Bo Chen Xiao-Xin Zhang Ling-Ping He Ke-Fei Song Shi-Jie Liu Guang-Xing Ding Jin-Ping Dun Jia-Wei Li Zhao-Hui Li Quan-Feng Guo Hai-Feng Wang Xiao-Dong Wang Yun-Qi Wang Hong-Ji Zhang Guang Zhang Zhen-Wei Han Shuang Dai Pei-Jie Zhang Liang Sun Yang Liu software engineer Peng Wang Kun Wu Chen Tao Shi-Lei Mao Gui Mei Liang Yang Li-Heng Chen Chun-Yang Han Bin Huang Yang Liu mechanical engineer Shuai Ren Peng Zhou Ze-XiWei Xiao-Xue Zhang Yue Zhang Xin Zheng Yang Wang Ya Chen Jing-Jiang Xie Fei He Qiao Song Wei-Guo Zong Xiu-Qing Hu Peng Zhang Jing-Song Wang Zhong-Dong Yang Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Center for Space WeatherChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager(X-EUVI),developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CIOMP),is the first space-based solar X-ray and Extreme ultraviolet(EUV)imager of china loaded on the Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)satellite supported by the china meteorological administration(CMA)for solar *** started work on July 11,2021,X-EUVI has obtained many solar *** instrument employs an innovative dual-band design to monitor a much larger temperature range on the Sun,which covers 0.6-8.0 nm in the X-ray region with six channels and 19.5 nm in the EUV region.X-EUVI has a field of view of 42′,an angular resolution of 2.5″per pixel in the EUV band and an angular resolution of 4.1″per pixel in the X-ray *** instrument also includes an X-ray and EUV irradiance sensor(X-EUVS)with the same bands as its imaging optics,which measures the solar irradiance and regularly calibrates the solar *** radiometric calibration of X-EUVS on the ground has been completed,with a calibration accuracy of 12%.X-EUVI is loaded on the FY-3E satellite and rotates relative to the Sun at a uniform ***-field calibration is conducted by utilizing successive rotation solar *** agreement between preliminarily processed X-EUVI images and SDO/AIA and Hinode/XRT images indicates that X-EUVI and the data processing algorithm operate properly and that the data from X-EUVI can be applied to the space weather forecast system of CMA and scientific investigations on solar activity.

关键词： image instrument Solar

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The Evolution of Microphysical Structures and cloud-to-Ground Lightning in a Deep Compact Thunderstorm over the Nanjing Area

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第12期41卷 2367-2380页

作者： Ji YANG Kun ZHAO Ping SONG Long WEN Fanchao LYU Jie MING Yuanyuan ZHENG Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing 210041China China Meteorological Administration Radar Meteorology Key Laboratory Nanjing 210023China and School of Atmospheric ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-optical Engineering College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing 210007China Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In this study,we examine the dynamics and microphysical structures of a deep compact thunderstorm event driving cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning over the Nanjing area located within the Yangtze-Huai River Basin(YHRB)during the monsoon break *** microphysical structures combined with the dynamics in the glaciated,mixed-phase,and warm-phase layers during the formative,intensifying,and mature stages of the thunderstorm were first investigated using C-band polarimetric radar and CG lightning *** results show that the mature phase of the thunderstorm produced a local cold pool,which collided with a southerly warm wind,resulting in a strong *** strong updraft favored the lifting of raindrops to the mixed-phase region to form abundant supercooled liquid water and *** the formative stage to the developing stage and further to the mature stage,increased ZH-and reduced ZDR-values within the mixed-phase region are found,especially within the strong updraft region(>5 m s^(-1)).This phenomenon suggests that supercooled raindrops evolved into large hydrometeors(graupel and hail),indicative of a strong riming *** signatures within this region are consistent with a favorable environment for thunderstorm electrification and generate the most frequent lightning during the thunderstorm life cycle.

关键词： thunderstorm lightning polarimetric radar microphysical structure

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Properties of the Main Phases of the Super Geomagnetic Storms(ΔSYM-H≤-250 nT)with Different Heliolongitudes

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第1期23卷 76-82页

作者： Ming-Xian Zhao Gui-Ming Le Yong-Hua Liu Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China School of Physics Science&Technology Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesBeijing 100101China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China

We studied the properties of the main phases of 24 super geomagnetic storms(SGSs)(ΔSYM-H≤-250 nT)since *** divided the SGSs into two subgroups:SGSs-Ⅰ(-400 nT<ΔSYM-H≤-250 nT)and SGSs-Ⅱ(ΔSYM-H≤-400 nT).Of the 24 SGSs,16 are SGSs-Ⅰand eight are SGSs-Ⅱ.The source locations of SGSs were distributed in the longitudinal scope of[E37,W66].95.8%of the SGSs were distributed in the longitudinal scope of[E37,W20].East and west hemispheres of the Sun had 14 and 10 SGSs,*** durations of the main phases for six SGSs ranged from 2 to 4 *** durations of the main phases for the rest 18 SGSs were longer than 6.5 *** duration of the SGSs with source locations in the west hemisphere varied from 2.22 to 19.58 *** duration for the SGSs with the source locations in the east hemisphere ranged from 2.1 to31.88 *** averaged duration of the main phases of the SGSs in the west and east hemispheres are 8.3 hr and13.98 hr,respectively.|ΔSYM-H/Δt|for six SGSs with source locations distributed in the longitudinal area ranging from E15 to W20 was larger than 1.0 nT·minute^(-1),while|ΔSYM-H/Δt|for the rest 18 SGSs was lower than 1.0 nT·minute^(-1).|ΔSYM-H/Δt|for SGSs-Ⅰvaried from 0.18 to 3.0 nT·minute^(-1).|ΔSYM-H/Δt|for eight SGSs-Ⅱvaried from 0.37 to 2.2 nT·minute^(-1)with seven SGSs-Ⅱfalling in the scope from 0.37 to0.992 nT·minute^(-1).

关键词： The Sun-(Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations-(Sun:)solar wind

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The possible “double-bang firecracker” during a solar prominence eruption

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Science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第7期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 220-230页

作者： Ruisheng Zheng Yihan Liu Ze Zhong Liang Zhang Xiaoqian Wang Jun Li Zhao Wu Beili Ying Li Feng Yang Su Weiqun Gan Zhenyong Hou Qiao Song Zhike Xue Jingsong Wang Hui Tian Yao Chen School of Space Science and Physics Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Center for Integrated Research on Space Science Astronomyand PhysicsInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong University Yunnan Key Laboratory of the Solar Physics and Space Science Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Center for Space WeatherChina Meteorological Administration Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

Solar erupting prominences occasionally experience the splitting due to their interaction with ambient magnetic fields,yet the detailed process of the interaction remains *** a result of the splitting,the significant part of prominence mass can evolve as a core of the associated coronal mass ejection（CME）,while the rest of prominence mass is often transferred to and trapped in the nearby loop *** the high-quality multi-wavelength observations from SDO,ASO-S,FY-3E,and C ALLIS TO,we report an intriguing case of the splitting of an erupting prominence that occurred on 2023 December 31,and the splitting brought two different components of the core of the following CME,just like the "double-bang firecracker".During the splitting,the prominence apparently deflected southward from the initial quasi-radial direction and abruptly accelerated from ～180 to ～810 km ***,an unexpected newly-formed loop structure emerged from behind the ejecting prominence and propagated slowly along the quasi-radial *** results suggest that the inclined ejecting prominence and the quasi-radially propagating loop structure contributed to two separate components of the CME *** is likely that the erupting prominence experienced external reconnection with nearby arcades,which resulted in the prominence splitting and the formation of the new loop structure that slowly *** pseudostreamer configuration is proposed to play an important role in the case of "double-bang firecracker".

关键词： solar prominence eruptions coronal mass ejections coronal pseudostreamers magnetic reconnection

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Long-term Variation of the Solar Polar Magnetic Fields at Different Latitudes

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 190-197页

作者： Shuhong Yang Jie Jiang Zifan Wang Yijun Hou Chunlan Jin Qiao Song Yukun Luo Ting Li Jun Zhang Yuzong Zhang Guiping Zhou Yuanyong Deng Jingxiu Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081China School of Physics and Materials Science Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

The polar magnetic fields of the Sun play an important role in governing solar activity and powering fast solar ***,because our view of the Sun is limited in the ecliptic plane,the polar regions remain largely *** the high spatial resolution and polarimetric precision vector magnetograms observed by Hinode from 2012 to 2021,we investigate the long-term variation of the magnetic fields in polar caps at different *** Hinode magnetic measurements show that the polarity reversal processes in the north and south polar caps are *** variation of the averaged radial magnetic flux density reveals that,in each polar cap,the polarity reversal is completed successively from the 70°latitude to the pole,reflecting a poleward magnetic flux migration *** results clarify the polar magnetic polarity reversal process at different latitudes.

关键词： dynamo-Sun magnetic fields-Sun photosphere

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Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC_AVIM2.0

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第2期14卷 286-299页

作者： Wei-Ping LI Yan-Wu ZHANG Mingquan MU Xue-Li SHI Wen-Yan ZHOU Jin-Jun JI Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LaSW) China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Earth System Science University of CaliforniaIrvine CA 92697-3100USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Gross primary production(GPP)is the largest flux and a crucial player in the terrestrial carbon cycle and has been studied extensively,yet large uncertainties remain in the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP in both observations and *** study evaluates the performance of the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere−Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0)in simulating GPP on multiple spatial and temporal scales in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)*** simulations driven by two meteorological datasets were compared with two observation-based GPP products covering 1982–*** patterns of annual GPP show a significant latitudinal gradient in each dataset,increasing from cold(tundra)and dry(desert)biomes to warm(temperate)and humid(tropical rainforest)***_AVIM2.0 overestimates GPP in most parts of the globe,especially in boreal forest regions and Southeast china,while underestimating GPP in subhumid regions in eastern South America and tropical *** four datasets broadly agree on the GPP seasonal cycle,but BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts an earlier beginning of spring growth and a larger amplitude of seasonal variations than those in the *** observation-based datasets exhibit slight interannual variability(IAV)and weak GPP linear trends,while the BCC_AVIM2.0 simulations demonstrate relatively large year-to-year variability and significant trends in the low-latitudes and temperate monsoon regions in North America and East *** the possible relationships between annual means of GPP and climate factors,BCC_AVIM2.0 predicts more extensive regions of the globe where the IAV of annual GPP is dominated by precipitation,especially in mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and tropical Africa,while the observed GPP in the above regions is temperature-or *** positive GPP biases due to earlier spring growth in boreal forest regions and negative GPP biases in off

关键词： Gross primary production Seasonal cycle Interannual variability Trend Land surface model CMIP6

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Consistency of Tropospheric Water Vapor between Reanalyses and Himawari-8/AHI Measurements over East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 19-38页

作者： Di DI Jun LI Yunheng XUE Min MIN Bo LI Zhenglong LI Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation China Meteorological AdministrationSchool of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China FYSIC National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology Chengdu 610225China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai 519082China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadison WI 53706WisconsinUSA Wuxi University Wuxi 214105China

High spatiotemporal resolution radiances from the advanced imagers onboard the new generation of geostationary weather satellites provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the abilities of various reanalysis datasets to depict multilayer tropospheric water vapor(WV),thereby enhancing our understanding of the deficiencies of WV in reanalysis *** on daily measurements from the Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)onboard the Himawari-8 satellite in 2016,the bias features of multilayer WV from six reanalysis datasets over East Asia are thoroughly *** assessments show that wet biases exist in the upper troposphere in all six reanalysis datasets;in particular,these biases are much larger in ***,we find better depictions of WV in the middle troposphere than in the upper *** accuracy of WV in the ERA5 dataset is the highest,in terms of the bias magnitude,dispersion,and pattern *** characteristics of the WV bias over the Tibetan Plateau are significantly different from those over other parts of East *** addition,the reanalysis datasets all capture the shift of the subtropical high very well,with ERA5 performing better overall.

关键词： AHI reanalysis dataset multilayer water vapor assessment radiative transfer model

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