Designing high-performance electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential to reduce the activation barrier and optimize free adsorption energy of reactive ***,we...
详细信息
Designing high-performance electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential to reduce the activation barrier and optimize free adsorption energy of reactive ***,we report that incorporating high-valence Cr into NiSe_(2)(Cr_(x)Ni_(1-x)Se_(2))kinetically and thermodynamically expedites elementary steps of both HER and *** as-prepared Cr_(0.05)Ni_(0.95)Se_(2) catalyst displays excellent HER and OER activities,with low overpotentials of 89 and 272 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)(j10),respectively,and remains stable during operation for 30 h.A low cell voltage of only 1.59 V is required to drive j10 in alkaline *** situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that Cr incorporation facilitates the formation of NiOOH active species during the OER ***,theoretical explorations demonstrate that high-valence Cr incorporation efficiently accelerates water dissociation kinetics and improves H*adsorption during HER process,lowering the activation barrier of OER and optimizing the adsorption energy of oxygen-based intermediate,thus kinetically and thermodynamically enhancing the intrinsic performance of NiSe_(2) for over water *** strategy provides a new horizon to design transition metal based electrocatalysts in the clean energy field.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit significant potential forwater disinfection dueto their generation of large quantities of highly oxidizing free radicals. However, the neglectof viable but nonculturable (VB...
详细信息
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit significant potential forwater disinfection dueto their generation of large quantities of highly oxidizing free radicals. However, the neglectof viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells obscures their true disinfection efficacy and potentialenvironmental health risks. Therefore, the study evaluated the disinfection effectivenessand mechanisms of typical AOPs, including Fe/H_(2)O_(2), Fe/persulfate (PS), and O_(3), fromthe perspective of the production of VBNC bacteria. The results indicate that Fe/PS exhibitsthe strongest bacterial inactivation rate (99.94%), and the cells lose their ability to ***/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) induce more cells to enter the VBNC state compared to Fe/PS. Moreover,different AOPs result in varying levels of free radical production and utilization efficiency,with SO(4)^(·−) and O_(3) exhibiting greater selectivity in deactivating bacteria comparedto HO^(·). The inhibition of VBNC bacteria production by Fe/PS treatment may be attributed tothe combined action of HO^(·) and SO(4)^(·−) on microorganisms, leading to oxidative stress andmetabolic disruption in bacteria through the inhibition of biofilm formation and aminoacyltRNAbiosynthesis (p < 0.05), thereby causing direct bacterial death rather than entry intothe VBNC state. In contrast, Fe/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) result in the upregulation of the metabolismof alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, as well as styrene degradation capacity by the bacteria,leading to the production of more VBNC bacteria. Overall, the study offers insights intomitigating potential biological risks in water disinfection and developing environmentallyfriendly and efficient disinfection technologies.
Accurate intervertebral disc image segmentation is necessary for further treatment. However, existing methods are difficult to segment due to the intensity inhomogeneity of intervertebral disc MRI images and the simil...
详细信息
Learning network dynamics from the empirical structure and spatio-temporal observation data is crucial to revealing the interaction mechanisms of complex networks in a wide range of domains. However,most existing meth...
详细信息
Learning network dynamics from the empirical structure and spatio-temporal observation data is crucial to revealing the interaction mechanisms of complex networks in a wide range of domains. However,most existing methods only aim at learning network dynamic behaviors generated by a specific ordinary differential equation instance, resulting in ineffectiveness for new ones, and generally require dense *** observed data, especially from network emerging dynamics, are usually difficult to obtain, which brings trouble to model learning. Therefore, learning accurate network dynamics with sparse, irregularly-sampled,partial, and noisy observations remains a fundamental challenge. We introduce a new concept of the stochastic skeleton and its neural implementation, i.e., neural ODE processes for network dynamics(NDP4ND), a new class of stochastic processes governed by stochastic data-adaptive network dynamics, to overcome the challenge and learn continuous network dynamics from scarce observations. Intensive experiments conducted on various network dynamics in ecological population evolution, phototaxis movement, brain activity, epidemic spreading, and real-world empirical systems, demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent data adaptability and computational efficiency, and can adapt to unseen network emerging dynamics, producing accurate interpolation and extrapolation with reducing the ratio of required observation data to only about 6% and improving the learning speed for new dynamics by three orders of magnitude.
Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as *** objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nit...
详细信息
Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as *** objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese *** searched the publications in English from“Web of science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid *** content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were *** information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also ***,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,*** cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the *** China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.
The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering *** a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farsid...
详细信息
The optical potential ambiguity is a long-standing problem in the analysis of elastic scattering *** a specific collid-ing system,ambiguous potential families can lead to different behaviors in the nearside and farside scattering *** contrast,the envelope method can decompose the experimental data into two components with negative and positive deflection angles,***,a question arises as to whether the comparison between the calculated nearside(or farside)component and the derived positive-deflection-angle(or negative-deflection-angle)component can help analyze the potential ambiguity *** this study,we conducted a trial application of the envelope method to the potential ambiguity *** envelope method was improved by including uncertainties in the experimental *** colliding systems of 16O+28Si at 215.2 MeV and 12C+12C at 1016 MeV were considered in the *** each colliding system,the angular distribution experimental data were described nearly equally well by two potential sets,one of which is“surface transpar-ent”and the other is *** calculated angular distributions were decomposed into nearside and farside scattering *** the improved envelope method,the experimental data were decomposed into the positive-deflection-angle and negative-deflection-angle components,which were then compared with the calculated nearside and farside *** capability of the envelope method to analyze the potential ambiguities was also discussed.
1 Introduction Local search method is a rising star for solving combinatorial optimization problems in recent years,and the state-of-the-art local search-based incomplete Maximum Satisfiability(MaxSAT)solversshowpromi...
详细信息
1 Introduction Local search method is a rising star for solving combinatorial optimization problems in recent years,and the state-of-the-art local search-based incomplete Maximum Satisfiability(MaxSAT)solversshowpromisingperformance even competitive to many complete solvers in recent MaxSAT Evaluations.
During oxygen evolution reaction(OER),complex changes have been reported on surfaces of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts,and regulating the dynamic evolution could improve their electrocatalytic ***,a pyrrolidone-prom...
详细信息
During oxygen evolution reaction(OER),complex changes have been reported on surfaces of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts,and regulating the dynamic evolution could improve their electrocatalytic ***,a pyrrolidone-promoted reconstruction of pentlandite was investigated to uncover the correlation between the reconstructed surface and the OER *** theoretical calculations indicated the preferential implantation of pyrrolidone at Fe atoms,useful for regulating the electronic structures of *** vale nce state of Ni increased,suggesting the promotion of the in-situ reconstruction of pentlandite via strengthening hydroxyl adsorption to generate highly active *** electron-rich pentlandite was also found conducive to charge transfer under applied *** Operando Raman and various quasi-in-situ characterizations confirmed the realization of more delocalized electronic structures of pentlandite by introducing ***,in turn,promoted the accumulation of hydroxyl groups on the pentlandite surface,thereby boosting the formation of highly active NiOOH at lower OER ***,the adsorption energies of intermediates were optimized,conducive to enhanced OER reaction *** a proof of concept,the pentlandite decorated by pyrrolidone exhibited an overpotential as low as 265 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) coupled with stable catalysis for 1000 hours at a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2).In sum,new insights into unlocking the high catalytic activity of bimetallic Fe-Ni-based catalysts were provided,promising for future synthesis of advanced catalysts.
In this paper,we construct,analyze,and numerically validate a family of divergence-free virtual elements for Stokes equations with nonlinear damping on polygonal *** virtual element method is H1-conforming and exact *...
详细信息
In this paper,we construct,analyze,and numerically validate a family of divergence-free virtual elements for Stokes equations with nonlinear damping on polygonal *** virtual element method is H1-conforming and exact *** virtue of these properties and the topological degree argument,we rigorously prove the well-posedness of the proposed discrete *** con-vergence analysis is carried out,which imply that the error estimate for the velocity in energy norm does not explicitly depend on the *** experiments on various polygonal meshes validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the asymptotic pressure robustness of the proposed scheme.
In description logic,axiom pinpointing is used to explore defects in ontologies and identify hidden justifications for a logical *** recent years,SAT-based axiom pinpointing techniques,which rely on the enumeration of...
详细信息
In description logic,axiom pinpointing is used to explore defects in ontologies and identify hidden justifications for a logical *** recent years,SAT-based axiom pinpointing techniques,which rely on the enumeration of minimal unsatisfiable subsets(MUSes)of pinpointing formulas,have gained increasing *** with traditional Tableau-based reasoning approaches,SAT-based techniques are more competitive when computing justifications for consequences in large-scale lightweight description logic *** this article,we propose a novel enumeration justification algorithm,working with a replicated *** replicated driver discovers new justifications from the explored justifications through cheap literals resolution,which avoids frequent calls of SAT ***,when the use of SAT solver is inevitable,we adjust the strategies and heuristic parameters of the built-in SAT solver of axiom pinpointing *** adjusted SAT solver is able to improve the checking efficiency of unexplored *** proposed method is implemented as a tool named *** experimental results show that RDMinA outperforms the existing axiom pinpointing tools on practical biomedical ontologies such as Gene,Galen,NCI and Snomed-CT.
暂无评论