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Locally differentially private high-dimensional data synthesis

Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 25-42页

作者： Xue CHEN Cheng WANG Qing YANG Teng HU Changjun JIANG Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing (Tongji University) Ministry of Education National (Province-Ministry Joint) Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University

In local differential privacy(LDP), a challenging problem is the ability to generate highdimensional data while efficiently capturing the correlation between attributes in a dataset. Existing solutions for low-dimensional data synthesis, which partition the privacy budget among all attributes, cease to be effective in high-dimensional scenarios due to the large-scale noise and communication cost caused by the high dimension. In fact, the high-dimensional characteristics not only bring challenges but also make it possible to apply some technologies to break this bottleneck. This paper presents Sam Priv Syn for high-dimensional data synthesis under LDP, which is composed of a marginal sampling module and a data generation *** marginal sampling module is used to sample from the original data to obtain two-way marginals. The sampling process is based on mutual information, which is updated iteratively to retain, as much as possible,the correlation between attributes. The data generation module is used to reconstruct the synthetic dataset from the sampled two-way marginals. Furthermore, this study conducted comparison experiments on the real-world datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method, with results proving that Sam PrivSyn can not only protect privacy but also retain the correlation information between the attributes.

关键词： local differential privacy high-dimensional data synthesis sampling data privacy privacy-preserving protocols

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Brief Industry Paper: Response Time Evaluation of Cross-Domain Communication in CAN-FD and TSN 44

Brief Industry Paper: Response Time Evaluation of Cross-Doma...

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44th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2023

作者： Ma, Wenhong Huang, Xiaoyi Wei, Dongsheng Li, Renfa Zhang, Yunfei Xie, Guoqi Chang, Wanli Hunan University Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province China Tencent Future Network Lab Tencent Corporation China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328578

With the advancement of intelligence and networked automotive, the domain-centralized architecture, which employs time sensitive networking (TSN) as the inter-domain backbone network and control area network with flexible data rate (CAN-FD) as the intra-domain network, has garnered significant attention. However, cross-domain end-to-end communication involves multiple components, and significant disparities between TSN and CAN-FD render response time analysis within domain-centralized architecture for mixed-critical traffic exceptionally complex. In this paper, we develop a cross-domain with TSN and CAN-FD end-to-end response time evaluation tool, which analyzes the response time of mixed-critical traffic under different design options segment by segment. We specifically analyze the waiting times of different messages in the domain control unit when faced with the design options of one-to-one and multi-to-one conversion of CAN-FD and TSN frames. The proposed evaluation tool can be easily extended to different design options to support more application scenarios. Theoretical computational analysis and real hardware measurements show the effectiveness of our tool. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： network architecture

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A perspective on Petri Net learning

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2023年第6期17卷 1-3页

作者： Hongda QI Changjun JIANG Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing(Ministry of Education) Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China National(Province-Ministry Joint)Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Petri Nets(PNs)are used for modeling and analyzing discreteevent systems,such as communication protocols,trafficsystems,human-computer interaction,and fault ***’state space explosion problem means that the state spaceof PNs grows exponentially with PNs’*** thefundamental reachability problem is still an NP-Hard problemin *** has been proved that the equivalence problem forthe reachability sets of arbitrary PNs is undecidable except forsome subclass of PNs[1].That is,the reachability problem ofarbitrary PNs cannot be solved ***,there is noefficient and accurate algorithm to solve the problem.10172In recent years,with the emergence of big data and thedevelopment of computing hardware,a series ofbreakthroughs have been achieved in machine learning,suchas AlphaGo,AlphaFold,and ChatGPT[2−4].As a data-drivenapproach,machine learning can learn potential mappingrelationships between inputs and outputs from large-scaledata.

关键词： breakthrough hardware learning

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A Novel Neighborhood-Weighted Sampling Method for Imbalanced Datasets

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第5期31卷 969-979页

作者： GUANG Mingjian YAN Chungang LIU Guanjun WANG Junli JIANG Changjun Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Tongji University Ministry of Education National (Province-Ministry Joint) Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University

The weighted sampling methods based on k-nearest neighbors have been demonstrated to be effective in solving the class imbalance problem. However,they usually ignore the positional relationship between a sample and the heterogeneous samples in its neighborhood when calculating sample weight. This paper proposes a novel neighborhood-weighted based sampling method named NWBBagging to improve the Bagging algorithm's performance on imbalanced datasets. It considers the positional relationship between the center sample and the heterogeneous samples in its neighborhood when identifying critical samples. And a parameter reduction method is proposed and combined into the ensemble learning framework, which reduces the parameters and increases the classifier's diversity. We compare NWBBagging with some state-of-the-art ensemble learning algorithms on 34 imbalanced datasets, and the result shows that NWBBagging achieves better performance.

关键词： parameter reduction method neighborhood-weighted sampling method pattern classification class imbalance problem NWBBagging k-nearest neighbors sampling methods imbalanced datasets nearest neighbour methods ensemble learning algorithm Bagging algorithm

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VmPTP: Precise Time Protocol for Inter-VM Communication in embedded Virtualized Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年第3期44卷 897-910页

作者： Zhao, Sirong Xie, Guoqi Ma, Wenhong Ren, Wei Li, Kenli Hunan University Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan Changsha410082 China Huawei Technology Co. Ltd. Central Software Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518129 China

System virtualization techniques are gradually applied to embedded systems with the performance improvement of embedded devices;however, there is a large time offset (i.e., deviation) of hundreds of ms between virtual machines (VMs) due to the drift of the virtualization abstraction layer and the jitter phenomenon. It is urgent to significantly reduce this offset by time synchronization techniques. Unfortunately, the current mainstream time synchronization software (e.g., Chrony and LinuxPTP) cannot be used in the embedded virtualized system connected by the fieldbus, such as controller area network (CAN);meanwhile, drift correction-based time synchronization techniques dedicated to CAN bus cannot be utilized for virtualized systems. In this study, we design a general vmPTP, which is a precise time protocol (PTP) for inter-VM communication in embedded virtualized systems based on Linux kernel-based VM (KVM). This is the first time synchronization work focused on embedded virtualized systems. We implement two vmPTP versions based on VirtIO and inter-VM shared memory (IVSHMEM) according to the four message (i.e., packet) exchanges of PTP. We propose an asymmetry compensation strategy to solve the problem of asymmetric rate of I/O operations in the message exchange process, which optimizes the offset computation. We further produce a convergence stopping approach which can continuously converge the offset until the offset is within the given bound and stop. We conduct experimental evaluations on both X86-64 and ARM64 architectures. For two versions of vmPTP, the experimental results show that: 1) the offsets are always within 1μ s on two architectures;2) the offsets are less than that of LinuxPTP and Chrony;and 3) the vmPTP's CPU and memory utilization on the X86-64 architecture are merely 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively, whereas those on the ARM64 architecture are 3.8% and 0.1%, respectively. We experiment with vmPTP in real-time application and the result demonstrates th

关键词： Linux

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Correct after Answer: Enhancing Multi-Span Question Answering with Post-Processing Method

Correct after Answer: Enhancing Multi-Span Question Answerin...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Lin, Jiayi Zhang, Chenyang Tong, Haibo Zhang, Dongyu Hong, Qingqing Hou, Bingxuan Wang, Junli Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Tongji University Ministry of Education Shanghai201804 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University Shanghai201804 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Multi-Span Question Answering (MSQA) requires models to extract one or multiple answer spans from a given context to answer a question. Prior work mainly focuses on designing specific methods or applying heuristic strategies to encourage models to predict more correct predictions. However, these models are trained on gold answers and fail to consider the incorrect predictions. Through a statistical analysis, we observe that models with stronger abilities do not predict less incorrect predictions compared with other models. In this work, we propose Answering-Classifying-Correcting (ACC) framework, which employs a post-processing strategy to handle incorrect predictions. Specifically, the ACC framework first introduces a classifier to classify the predictions into three types and exclude "wrong predictions", then introduces a corrector to modify "partially correct predictions". Experiments on several MSQA datasets show that ACC framework significantly improves the Exact Match (EM) scores, and further analysis demostrates that ACC framework efficiently reduces the number of incorrect predictions, improving the quality of predictions. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Prediction models

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A recent survey on controllable text generation: A causal perspective

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期5卷 1194-1203页

作者： Wang, Junli Zhang, Chenyang Zhang, Dongyu Tong, Haibo Yan, Chungang Jiang, Changjun Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai 201804 China National (Province-Ministry Joint) Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China

As an important subject of natural language generation, Controllable Text Generation (CTG) focuses on integrating additional constraints and controls while generating texts and has attracted a lot of attention. Existing controllable text generation approaches mainly capture the statistical association implied within training texts, but generated texts lack causality consideration. This paper intends to review recent CTG approaches from a causal perspective. Firstly, according to previous research on basic types of CTG models, it is discovered that their essence is to obtain the association, and then four kinds of challenges caused by absence of causality are introduced. Next, this paper reviews the improvements to address these challenges from four aspects, namely representation disentanglement, causal inference, knowledge enhancement and multi-aspect CTG respectively. Additionally, this paper inspects existing evaluations of CTG, especially evaluations for causality of CTG. Finally, this review discusses some future research directions for the causality improvement of CTG and makes a conclusion. © 2024

关键词： Causal inference Causality Controllable text generation Knowledge enhancement Representation disentanglement

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An Adaptive Heterogeneous Credit Card Fraud Detection Model Based on Deep Reinforcement Training Subset Selection

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第8期5卷 4026-4041页

作者： Zhu, Kun Zhang, Nana Ding, Weiping Jiang, Changjun the Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Shanghai201804 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University Shanghai201804 China the School of Computer Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai201620 China the School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University Nantong226019 China

Heterogeneous fraud detection is an important means of credit card security assurance, which can utilize historical transaction records in a source and target domain to build an effective fraud detection model. Nevertheless, large feature distribution differences between source and target transaction instances and the complex intrinsic structure hidden behind transaction data make it difficult for existing credit card fraud detection (CCFD) models to capture and transfer the most informative feature representations and seriously hinder detection performance. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive heterogeneous CCFD model named adaptive heterogeneous credit card fraud detection model based on deep reinforcement training subset selection (RTAHC) based on deep reinforcement training subset selection, which mainly contains two components: selection distribution generator (SDG) and transaction fraud detector (TFD, including feature extractor with an attention mechanism and classifier). The SDG can generate the selection probability distribution vector via the reinforcement reward mechanism, and then transaction instances in the source domain relevant to the target domain are selected. The feature extractor with an attention mechanism can learn the abstract deep semantic feature representations of selected source transaction instances and the target domain. The joint training of SDG and TFD can provide more real-time and accurate transaction feature representations to reduce the distribution discrepancy between the two domains. We verify the detection performance of RTAHC across a large real-world credit card transaction dataset and four public datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the RTAHC model can exhibit competitive CCFD performance. Impact Statement—With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI)generated models, credit card fraud has become increasingly rampant, which also causes tens of billions of U.S. dollars in credit card losses worldwide every year

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Diverse Image Colorizaiton via Deep Color Prior and Triplet Latent Regularization

Diverse Image Colorizaiton via Deep Color Prior and Triplet ...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2022

作者： Jiang, Bin Dai, Jiawu Zeng, Weiyuan Wang, Renjun College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University China Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province China

ISBN: (数字)9781665485630

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485630

Automatic image colorization has made tremendous progress in recent years. However, previous methods rarely consider the inherent diversity of natural images, and existing diverse colorization approaches still suffer from the following two limitations. i) The diversity of generated images is limited. ii) Some inevitable artifacts substantially degrade the quality of colorization results. To cope with such problems, we propose a novel diverse image colorization network based on vanilla GAN, which extracts the deep color priors through an initial colorization network first, and then utilizes these priors to modulate the diverse generation to achieve high-fidelity colorization outputs. In addition, a novel triplet latent regularization is proposed to constrain the correspondence between latent codes and generated images, which efficiently alleviates mode collapse and encourages more diverse colorization results. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing diverse image colorization models. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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TrafficGPT: Towards Multi-Scale Traffic Analysis and Generation with Spatial-Temporal Agent Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ouyang, Jinhui Zhu, Yijie Yuan, Xiang Wu, Di Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan410082 China

The precise prediction of multi-scale traffic is a ubiquitous challenge in the urbanization process for car owners, road administrators, and governments. In the case of complex road networks, current and past traffic information from both upstream and downstream roads are crucial since various road networks have different semantic information about traffic. Rationalizing the utilization of semantic information can realize short-term, long-term, and unseen road traffic prediction. As the demands of multi-scale traffic analysis increase, on-demand interactions and visualizations are expected to be available for transportation participants. We have designed a multi-scale traffic generation system, namely TrafficGPT, using three AI agents to process multi-scale traffic data, conduct multi-scale traffic analysis, and present multi-scale visualization results. TrafficGPT consists of three essential AI agents: 1) a text-todemand agent that is employed with Question & Answer AI to interact with users and extract prediction tasks through texts;2) a traffic prediction agent that leverages multi-scale traffic data to generate temporal features and similarity, and fuse them with limited spatial features and similarity, to achieve accurate prediction of three tasks;and 3) a suggestion and visualization agent that uses the prediction results to generate suggestions and visualizations, providing users with a comprehensive understanding of traffic conditions. Our TrafficGPT system focuses on addressing concerns about traffic prediction from transportation participants, and conducted extensive experiments on five realworld road datasets to demonstrate its superior predictive and interactive performance. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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