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Frontiers of Computer Science 2023年第6期17卷 1-3页

作者： Hongda QI Changjun JIANG Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing(Ministry of Education) Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China National(Province-Ministry Joint)Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Petri Nets(PNs)are used for modeling and analyzing discreteevent systems,such as communication protocols,trafficsystems,human-computer interaction,and fault ***’state space explosion problem means that the state spaceof PNs grows exponentially with PNs’*** thefundamental reachability problem is still an NP-Hard problemin *** has been proved that the equivalence problem forthe reachability sets of arbitrary PNs is undecidable except forsome subclass of PNs[1].That is,the reachability problem ofarbitrary PNs cannot be solved ***,there is noefficient and accurate algorithm to solve the problem.10172In recent years,with the emergence of big data and thedevelopment of computing hardware,a series ofbreakthroughs have been achieved in machine learning,suchas AlphaGo,AlphaFold,and ChatGPT[2−4].As a data-drivenapproach,machine learning can learn potential mappingrelationships between inputs and outputs from large-scaledata.

关键词： breakthrough hardware learning

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RTISM: Real-Time Inter-VM Communication Based on Shared Memory for Mixed-Criticality Flows 44

RTISM: Real-Time Inter-VM Communication Based on Shared Memo...

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44th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2023

作者： Li, Zonghong Xie, Guoqi Ma, Wenhong Xiao, Xiongren Xie, Yong Ren, Wei Chang, Wanli College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province China Research Institute of Hunan University Chongqing China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Huawei Technologies China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328578

Virtual machines (VMs) have been increasingly deployed in real-time systems to enhance heterogeneous resource sharing. Despite being isolated for security and prevention of failure propagation, VMs need to communicate with each other to complete certain tasks jointly. A real-time inter-VM communication framework has been proposed based on VirtIO, which is in essence a mechanism of message passing with high latency and low scalability on data amount. In contrary, IVSHMEM implements inter-VM communication with shared memory, which is generally fast and large in throughput. Unfortunately, IVSHMEM does not resolve resource contention between flows and hence cannot be applied in real-time scenarios. In this work, we propose a real-time inter-VM communication framework RTISM built upon shared memory and IVSHMEM. RTISM provides priority-based scheduling and supports mixed-criticality flows. Worst-Case Response Time (WCRT) analysis is reported to bound the end-to-end communication delay and a Limited Priority Assignment (LPA) algorithm is developed to enhance schedulability. Experimental evaluation shows that (i) RTISM has about 4 times higher throughput than the VirtIO-based inter-VM communication framework;(ii) LPA improves schedulability by over 25% compared to the state-of-the-art;(iii) WCRT produces a tight bound. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Discriminative hough-voting for object detection with parts

Discriminative hough-voting for object detection with parts

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International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer

作者： Yaodong Chen Renfa Li Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479925667

Many detection models rely on sliding-window methods to search all possible candidates and then localize true instances by linear classifiers. Such exhaustive search involves massive computation. Hough voting scheme provides an alternative way to localize objects. Typical voting-based approaches, casting independent votes for a hypothesis, ignore the mutual relevance of features. The weights of the features for voting are learnt in a simple way. These two weaknesses limit the detection performance of the voting scheme. This paper introduces a novel voting-based model. We group the model features into parts. The features in one part are dependent and can cast consistent votes for a given hypothesis. For a given hypothesis we introduce an overall score function whose parameters can be optimized in a discriminative way. We apply a latent learning framework to deal with part-level weak supervision. The experiments evaluate the proposed model on two standard datasets. We demonstrate significant improvements in detection performance comparing the start-of-the-art detection models.

关键词： Object detection Computational modeling Shape Feature extraction Training Search problems Transforms

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A novel energy efficient cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio sensor network based on evolutionary game

A novel energy efficient cooperative spectrum sensing scheme...

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IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area networks (LANMAN)

作者： Xiaolong Ma Fanzi Zeng Jisheng Xu Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467367639

In this paper, we focused on how to get CRs collaborate effectively as well as maximize energy savings in cognitive radio sensor network. We have established a model of evolutionary game between a cognitive sensors. In order to let cognitive sensors sense spectrum effectively, we designed a contribution-punishment mechanism, which can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing. Additionally, in order to reduce the wasted energy of sensors in idle, we introduced periodic sleep-listen mechanism. Finally, we simulated behavior dynamics for a 6-player polymorphic population game and compared our proposed scheme with non-periodic sleep-listen mechanism scheme. Result shows that our proposed scheme can stimulate high SNR sensors to participate in spectrum sensing effectively and can make the system more energy efficient.

关键词： Sensors Signal to noise ratio Games Sociology Statistics Energy consumption Energy efficiency

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A High-performance DAG Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous networked embedded Systems

A High-performance DAG Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterog...

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IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information networking and Applications

作者： Guoqi Xie Renfa Li Xiongren Xiao Yuekun Chen Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479936311

A high-performance scheduling for a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) task graph on heterogeneous networked embedded systems or parallel and distributed systems is to maximize concurrency and minimize inter-processor communication. Most of the algorithms using upward rank value for task prioritizing and earliest finish time for processor assignment. But both approaches ignored the heterogeneity of system and could not create accurate and efficient schedules. Yet no one has doubled about and recognized that. A fully heterogeneous task scheduling algorithm is proposed to address the above problems in this paper. The fundamentals of DAG model and corresponding algorithms are investigated. New concepts called Heterogeneous Upward Rank Value (HURV) and Heterogeneous Priority Rank Value (HPRV) are defined. An algorithm called Heterogeneous Select Value (HSV) is proposed in paper. Both benchmark and extensive experimental evaluation demonstrate the significant improvements in proposed algorithm.

关键词： heterogeneous networked embedded systems heterogeneous upward rank value heterogeneous select value DAG

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Sequential channel selection for decentralized cognitive radio sensor network based on modified Q-Learning algorithm

Sequential channel selection for decentralized cognitive rad...

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International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD)

作者： Fanzi Zeng Hanshan Liu Jisheng Xu Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

Cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is a novel wireless sensor network, which can effectively alleviate the scarcity of spectrum resource by equipping the cognitive technology. Usually, CRSN deploys numerous sensor nodes around the monitoring area. But the energy and storage of those nodes are both limited. Compared with the centralized CRSN, we focus more on a decentralized situation without the control center or cluster in this paper, especially on a circumstance with few information exchanges among sensor nodes. In the case of that, our goal is to help each sensor node to find an optimal strategy of channel selection in the decentralized CRSN quickly, and then, we apply a Multi-Agent Best-Response Q-Learning algorithm based on Timesharing-Tracking Framework to sequential channel selection for the first time. The algorithm not only has a low storage cost, but also can overcome the poor convergence of strategy caused by Multi-Agent simultaneous learning. For comparison, the optimal channel assignment in centralized network, the Multi-Agent Independent Q-Learning and the Win-or-Learn-Fast Policy Hill Climbing these three algorithms are taken into account, and experimental data validates that our proposed algorithm is feasible in decentralized network.

关键词： Sensors Throughput Wireless sensor networks Convergence Algorithm design and analysis Cognitive radio Approximation algorithms

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Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio networks for energy efficiency

Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDM-based cognitive r...

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International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD)

作者： Fanzi Zeng Chen Liu Jisheng Xu Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509040940

In this paper, we presented a fairness-aware scheduling scheme in OFDM-based cognitive radio networks. Our objective is to maximize the systems energy efficiency while maintain the fairness among secondary users. In addition, many factors will be considered such as the channel quality, the interferences taken to the primary system and the total transmission power of the cognitive radio system. The resource allocation process consists of two steps. First, we use an improved heuristic algorithm to assign subcarriers to secondary users and then use an iterative algorithm to distribute power to each subcarrier. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is able to gain a higher level for energy efficiency and guarantee the minimum transmission requirements of secondary users.

关键词： Resource management Heuristic algorithms Interference OFDM Quality of service Cognitive radio Iterative methods

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A Power Model Combined of Architectural Level and Gate Level for Multicore Processors

A Power Model Combined of Architectural Level and Gate Level...

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Manman Peng Yan Hu Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914449

Low power consumption is becoming a critical factor for multicore processors. As the multicore processor design complexity increases, power estimation for multicore processors has gained more importance. This paper presents a new power model combined of architectural level and gate level for multicore processors. The model maps the multicore processors to a combination of building blocks, and estimates the gate-level power of these blocks using parameterized RTL. Then, the power numbers are made in the form of look-up tables, and integrated in architecture simulators. The experiments show that for peak power estimation, an excellent accuracy has been reached and simulation performance is greatly improved compared to the gate level.

关键词： Program processors Computational modeling Multicore processing Logic gates Random access memory Hardware Analytical models

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The EDF with Dual Virtual Deadline Algorithm for Mixed Criticality Task System

The EDF with Dual Virtual Deadline Algorithm for Mixed Criti...

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IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences (ICSESS)

作者： Lining Zeng Cheng Xu Renfa Li Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing Hunan University Changsha Hunan Province China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665664;9781538665657

In the area of real-time embedded systems, one of the hot topics is scheduling the mixed-criticality tasks to execute the LO tasks better when guaranteeing the correctness of HI tasks. In this paper, we research the schedule mechanism for dual-criticality tasks. Firstly, we modify the correctness condition of MC scheduling. Then, we present an optimized MC scheduling algorithm EDF -DVD, which assigns scale factors for both HI jobs and LO jobs. We analyze the different situation based on system utilizetion and present the strategy of calculating the value of scale factor corresponding to the utilization. The experiments show that our mechanism has better performance in scheduling the dual-criticality tasks.

关键词： Task analysis Schedules Scheduling embedded systems Switches Scheduling algorithms Real-time systems

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AutoToolVCC: Variable consistency check tool for automotive software projects

AutoToolVCC: Variable consistency check tool for automotive ...

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作者： Xie, Pingfu Wang, Yunlong He, Bo Xie, Guoqi College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha China Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Changsha China United Automotive Electronic Systems Co. Ltd. Shanghai China

Automotive software systems have become increasingly complex and huge, leading to long development cycle and increased development difficulty. When a complete automotive software project has reached a scale of several gigabytes, the complicated development process is prone to produce the following two irregular problems: (1) variable inconsistency problem and (2) code coexistence problem. These irregular problems may eventually lead to serious consequences, such as car crashes. In response to the above irregular problems, we develop a variable consistency check tool called AutoToolVCC for automotive software projects. AutoToolVCC divides the variable consistency check process into two stages: (1) extracting all variable information from the automotive software project and (2) checking the consistency of the variables through the variable preprocessing technique and the variable attribute check technique. After an actual check of multiple automotive software projects (approximately 500–1000 MB in size) provided by an automotive manufacturer, the accuracy of variable consistency check is as high as 100%, and the check time only takes about 10–30 s, whereas the pervious plain method needs 100–600 s. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Accidents

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