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Effects of Welding Factors on Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracking during Resistance Spot Welding of Zinc-coated High-strength steel

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ISIJ International 2025年第1期65卷 117-126页

作者： Yu, Yang Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, Tianyue Cao, Guangxiang Chen, Weixuan Research Institute of Technology of Shougang Group Co. Ltd. Beijing100043 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling Process for Iron & Steel Production Technology Beijing100043 China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Steel Beijing100043 China Shougang Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. Tangshan063200 China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration & Control China FAW Group Co. Ltd Changchun130013 China

During resistance spot welding of zinc-coated advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), cracks which are promoted by liquid metal embrittlement (LME) may occur. According to previous researches, welding current, welding time, electrode tip diameter and electrode misalignment angle are significant factors on LME cracking. In this study, the effects of these four factors on LME cracking were compared with an orthogonal design experiment. After welding, numbers and lengths of cracks were measured, and Crack Index (CI) of each experiment group was calculated for comparison. As the result, two types of LME cracks, i.e., Type A cracks located at the indentation of electrode tip and Type B cracks located at the indentation of electrode shoulder were observed. The order of influence degree on CI of Type A crack from high to low was welding current > electrode tip diameter > electrode misalignment angle > welding time. The order of influence degree on CI of Type B crack was electrode tip diameter > electrode misalignment angle > welding time > welding current. The result reveals that modifying welding current is the most effective way to reduce Type A cracks and optimizing the electrode tip diameter is significant for preventing Type B cracks. © 2025 The iron and steel Institute of Japan.

关键词： Zinc coatings

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Coordinated control of decarbonization efficiency and oxygen absorption rate in Ruhrstahl–Heraeus degasser based on mechanism model and BP neural network

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2025年第3期32卷 606-618页

作者： Lu-heng Jiang Min Wang Jia-qi Zhao Cheng Yao Li-dong Xing Xin-gang Ai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Technical Support Centre for Prevention and Control of Disastrous Accidents in Metal Smelting University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Institute of Research of Iron&Steel Zhangjiagang215600JiangsuChina School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051LiaoningChina

A mathematical model of the decarburization reaction zone was established for the Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) forced oxygen blowing decarburization process by Matlab R2022b software. For the problem of inaccurate prediction due to the large variation range of oxygen absorption rate under different process conditions, we statistically analyzed the main factors affecting the oxygen absorption rate. The backpropagation neural network was used to train and predict the oxygen absorption rate and was used to calculate the RH decarburization reaction zone model. We designed and developed a mathematical modeling software with process control of decarburization in RH degasser, which can realize the change of operating process parameters in the dynamic prediction process. The optimized mathematical model has more than 95% of the furnaces whose absolute error in calculation of carbon content is within ± 5 × 10^(−6), more than 90% of the heats whose relative error in calculation of oxygen content is within ± 15%, and the average absolute error of calculation of oxygen content is 26.4 × 10−6. Finally, we studied the influence of oxygen blowing timing, oxygen blowing volume and initial oxygen content on the forced decarburization process.

关键词： Ruhrstahl-Heraeus degasser Mathematical model Forced decarburization Oxygen absorption rate process control

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Direct Reduction Experiment on iron-Bearing Waste Slag

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2013年第3期20卷 24-29,35页

作者： CHENG Xiang-li ZHAO Kai QI Yuan-hong SHI Xue-feng ZHEN Chang-liang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Process and Products Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

A lot of iron-bearing slags were produced,and whose grade is much more than that of industrial iron ore *** analysis and phase identification shows that the iron-bearing slag is amorphous,has fayalite main phase,iron grade is 36.10%,and is difficult to recover iron from the *** calculation indicates that CO cannot reduce fayalite at high temperature and carbon direct reduction can be ***,the reaction begins at 770 ℃ and the temperature can be reduced down to 500℃ when CaO is *** this basis,a method is put forward to making direct enrichment of iron by taking carbon contained pellets to realize the rapid reduction of fayalite,and the direct reduction process were studied in this *** show that xC/xO should be less than 1.5 for the need of reduction and carburization,and CaO and Al2O3 can spur the reduction of *** conditions that xC/xO is 1.2,metallization rate can be 77% when temperature is 1 250 ℃ and only carbon is added,and metallization rate can be 74% when temperature is 1 200 ℃ and only CaO is *** the addition of Al2O3 can get a higher metallization rate（10% or so） than usual as R is between 0.4 and *** the optimized condition of R equals to 0.6,temperature of 1 250 ℃,slag melting point of 1 320 ℃,and time of 30 min,the metallization rate can reach 88.43%.

关键词： iron-bearing slag fayalite metallization rate basicity

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Burden Distribution Calculation of Bell-Less Top of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-Radar Data

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2013年第6期20卷 33-37页

作者： ZHU Qiao L Cheng-long YIN Yi-xin CHEN Xian-zhong School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Control of Iron and Steel Process

The burden distribution real-time estimation problem of multi-loop charging based on the real multi-radar data is *** , an iterative algorithm is introduced to calculate the radial coordinate of the *** , based on the multi-radar data , the burden profile is estimated by a cubic-curve equation at the end of the multi-loop *** , the burden profile before the next multi-loop charging is calculated based on multi-radar data by considering the impact of burden *** the basis of these burden profiles , a more accurate thickness ratio of ore to coke （ RO/C ） at the radial direction of blast furnace can be *** , an example is given to calculate the burden profiles and RO/C by using the real multi-radar data sampled from Baosteel , which shows the effectiveness of the method introduced.

关键词： blast furnace multi-radar data burden distribution multi-loop charging RO/C

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Intelligent Multivariable Modeling of Blast Furnace Molten iron Quality Based on Dynamic AGA-ANN and PCA

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2015年第6期22卷 487-495页

作者： Meng YUAN Ping ZHOU Ming-liang LI Rui-feng LI Hong WANG Tian-you CHAI State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University Automation Studio of Iron Making Factory Liuzhou Iron and Steel Company Control System Center University of Manchester

Blast furnace （BF） ironmaking process has complex and nonlinear dynamic characteristics. The molten iron temperature （MIT） as well as Si, P and S contents of molten iron is difficult to be directly measured online, and large-time delay exists in offline analysis through laboratory sampling. A nonlinear multivariate intelligent modeling method was proposed for molten iron quality （MIQ） based on principal component analysis （PCA） and dynamic ge- netic neural network. The modeling method used the practical data processed by PCA dimension reduction as inputs of the dynamic artificial neural network （ANN）. A dynamic feedback link was introduced to produce a dynamic neu- ral network on the basis of traditional back propagation ANN. The proposed model improved the dynamic adaptabili- ty of networks and solved the strong fluctuation and resistance problem in a nonlinear dynamic system. Moreover, a new hybrid training method was presented where adaptive genetic algorithms （AGA） and ANN were integrated, which could improve network convergence speed and avoid network into local minima. The proposed method made it easier for operators to understand the inside status of blast furnace and offered real-time and reliable feedback infor- mation for realizing close-loop control for MIQ. Industrial experiments were made through the proposed model based on data collected from a practical steel company. The accuracy could meet the requirements of actual operation.

关键词： molten iron quality blast furnace nonlinear multivariate modeling dynamic neural network principalcomponent analysis adaptive genetic algorithm

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PDBSCAN: Parallel DBSCAN for Large-Scale Clustering Applications

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2012年第1期29卷 76-79页

作者：谢永红马延辉周芳刘颖安 School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Control of Iron and Steel Process Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing

Density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise(DBSCAN) is a classic kind of density-based spatial clustering algorithm and is widely applied in several aspects due to good performance in capturing arbitrary shapes and detecting outliers. However, in practice, datasets are always too massive to fit the serial DBSCAN. And a new parallel algorithm-Parallel DBSCAN(PDBSCAN) was proposed to solve the problem which DBSCAN faced. The proposed parallel algorithm bases on MapReduce mechanism. The usage of parallel mechanism in the algorithm focuses on region query and candidate queue processing which needed substantive computation resources. As a result, PDBSCAN is scalable for large-scale dataset clustering and is extremely suitable for applications in E-Commence, especially for recommendation.

关键词： parallel DBSCAN clustering MapReduce large-scale applications

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Robust Attitude Decentralized Tracking control for a 3-DOF Helicopter with Unknown Input Time-delay

Robust Attitude Decentralized Tracking Control for a 3-DOF H...

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第25届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Yao Yu Chang-Yin Sun School of Automation & Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Control of Iron and Steel Process Ministry of Education

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

Robust attitude decentralized tracking control problem for a 3-DOF helicopter is investigated. The model of the 3-DOF helicopter is described as a MIMO strict-feedback form system with unknown parameters, bounded disturbances, nonlinear uncertain coupling effects and unknown input-delay. A new design method based on signal compensation technique and back-stepping strategy is proposed. Based on the signal compensation method, at each backstepping design step, a robust controller consists of a nominal controller and a robust compensator. Robust practical tracking stability condition is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Backstepping robust tracking linear decentralized controller input time-delay.

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Design of 2-D MIMO Antenna Arrays for High Resolution Burden Surface Imaging

Design of 2-D MIMO Antenna Arrays for High Resolution Burden...

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2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments

作者： Chen Xianzhong Zhou Ping Hou Qingwen Wang Zhengpeng School of Automation & Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Control for Iron and Steel Process (Ministry of Education China)

ISBN: (纸本)9781479907571

In this paper, 2-D MIMO antenna arrays suitable for high resolution burden surface imaging radar operating in frequency band 24-26GHz are proposed. In order to eliminate the cross-range resolution degradation when the antenna beam radiates to the burden surface in nonperpendicular angle, MIMO antenna arrays with elliptical cross-section beam are specially designed. To suppress the high side lobe level of these designed MIMO arrays, two MIMO array sparse methods by symmetrically sparse the arrays with denser elements in the centre and sparse elements around are presented and analyzed. Patterns of the designed MIMO arrays are simulated, which verified the effectiveness of the MIMO arrays for burden surface imaging.

关键词： MIMO antenna array design, burden surface imaging, high resolution, nonperpendicular radiation, side lobe suppression.

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Growth mechanism for zinc coatings deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2021年第8期28卷 1047-1053页

作者： Xiao-pan Qiu Xin Liu She-ming Jiang Guang-rui Jiang Qi-fu Zhang National Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Coating Technology for Metals Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron and Steel Production Technology Shougang Group Co.Ltd.Research Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100043China

The vacuum thermal evaporation technique was used to simultaneously deposit zinc coatings onto interstitial free steel plates and single-crystal silicon wafers in a high vacuum *** effect of substrate temperature on the mor-phology and crystal orientation of zinc coatings was *** the substrate temperature was 25 and 50℃,the zinc crystallites were plate-like and grew under a particular angle to the substrate *** the substrate was heated to 100℃,the zinc crystallites were regular hexagonal and arranged almost parallel to the substrate *** addition,observation of pure zinc coatings with different thicknesses showed that the growth of zinc coating was mainly in the Volmer-Weber *** the process parameters were appropriate,the zinc coating was composed of closely arranged columnar crystallites,and the crystallites grew preferentially along[0001]direction.

关键词： Vacuum thermal evaporation Zinc coating Deposition temperature Growth mechanism

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Improved Digital Costas Loop Design in Spread Spectrum Communication

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电子学报(英文版) 2011年第2期20卷 299-302页

作者： WANG Hongbo DENG Li MA Zhonggui TU Xuyan School of Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Control of Iron and Steel Process （Ministry of Education） University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

1 Im proved Digital Costas Loop Design in Spread Spectrum C om m UnlCat lon .WANG Hongbo,DENG Li,MA Zhonggui and TU Xuyan (School of Information Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China) (key laboratory of advanced control of iron and steel process(Ministry of Education),University of Science and Technology Bering,Beijing 1 00083,China) A bstract-Based on software radio technique.

关键词：扩频通信环路设计 QPSK调制解调软件无线电技术调制解调器塔设计结构数学推导 Spread spectrum communication, Digital Costas loop, Carrier recovery, Software radio.

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