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Coupled Pacific Rim megadroughts contributed to the fall of the MingDynasty’s capital in 1644 CE

Science Bulletin 2024年第19期69卷 3106-3114页

作者： Feng Chen Tao Wang Xiaoen Zhao Jan Esper Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist Ulf Büntgen Hans W.Linderholm David Meko Hongna Xu Weipeng Yue Shijie Wang Yujiang Yuan Jingyun Zheng Wei Pan Fidel Roig Martín Hadad Mao Hu Jiachang Wei Fahu Chen Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650504China Climate Change Research Center and Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Global Change Research Institute(CzechGlobe) Czech Academy of SciencesBrno 60300Czech Republic Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study LinneanumUppsala 75238Sweden Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61137Czech Republic Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research Institute of Desert MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Digital Human Technology R&D and Application of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental IANIGLA-CCT CONICET-Universidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Hémera Centro de Observación de La Tierra Escuela de Ingeniería ForestalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorHuechuraba 85

Historical documents provide evidence for regional droughts preceding the political turmoil and fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,when more than 20 million people died in northern China during the late Ming famine ***,the role climate and environmental changes may have played in this pivotal event in Chinese history remains ***,we provide tree-ring evidence of persistent megadroughts from1576 to 1593 CE and from 1628 to 1644 CE in northern China,which coincided with exceptionally cold summers just before the fall of *** analysis reveals that these regional hydroclimatic extremes are part of a series of megadroughts along the Pacific Rim,which not only impacted the ecology and society of monsoonal northern China,but likely also exacerbated external geopolitical and economic *** finding is corroborated by last millennium reanalysis data and numerical climate model simulations revealing internally driven Pacific sea surface temperature variations and the predominance of decadal scale La Ni?a-like conditions to be responsible for precipitation decreases over northern China,as well as extensive monsoon regions in the *** teleconnection patterns provide a mechanistic explanation for reoccurring drought spells during the late Ming Dynasty and the environmental framework fostering the fall of Beijing in 1644 CE,and the subsequent demise of the Ming Dynasty.

关键词： Paleoclimate Beijing Precipitation reconstruction Climate-society interactions Tree rings Ming Dynasty

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Pushing the limit of lithography for patterning two-dimensional lattices in III-V semiconductor quantum wells

Pushing the limit of lithography for patterning two-dimensio...

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IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

作者： N.A. Franchina Vergel C. Post F. Vaurette Y. Lambert D. Yarekha C. Coinon G. Fleury T.S. Kulmala T. Xu L. Desplanque X. Wallart D. Vanmaekelbergh C. Delerue B. Grandidier Univ. Lille CNRS Centrale Lille Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France ISEN-Yncrea Hauts-de-France UMR 8520-IEMN Lille France Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University The Netherlands Univ. Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP LCPO UMR 5629 Pessac Heidelberg Instruments Nano/SwissLitho AG Technoparkstrasse 1 Zurich Switzerland School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai China

Building two-dimensional lattices in semiconductor quantum-wells offers the prospect to design distinct energy-momentum dispersions, including conical intersections and nondispersive bands. Here, we compare three lithographic patterning methods, e-beam lithography, block copolymer lithography and thermal scanning probe lithography to produce a honeycomb lattice in an In_0.53Ga_0.47As quantum well. We weigh up the pros and cons of each method to reach lattice constants smaller than 20 nm with a minimum of dispersion in the pore size.

关键词： Limiting Lithography Buildings Lattices Scattering Quantum wells Proximity effects

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Effects of Annealing Treatment on Optical and Electronic Properties of GaN Based LEDs with ITO Films

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ECS Transactions 2012年第1期44卷

作者： Wanjing Wang Xifeng Li Jinsong Zhang Jianhua Zhang Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai University School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai University No 149 Yanchang Road Shanghai City Shanghai 200072 China

Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) film prepared by DC magnetron sputtering was used as a current spread layer for LEDs. After the annealing treatment, the physical prosperities of p-GaN based LED have been investigated. The N2 annealing improved the surface roughness of ITO film to reach the smallest value (8 nm RMS) and exhibited an ohmic contact for ITO/p-GaN interface with the forward voltage decreasing. In comparison with electron beam evaporation, the ITO film prepared by DC magnetron sputtering had better optical and electronic prosperities after the annealing treatment.

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Sputtered Sn-doped Ga2O3 films under balance controlled of energy supply and ion bombardment for solar-blind detection application

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Vacuum 2024年 225卷

作者： Wang, Chen Fan, Wei-Hang Cao, Rong-Jun Fan, Hui-Chen Xu, Yi-Hong Kang, Pin-Chun Wu, Ting-Zhu Kuo, Hao-Chung Lien, Shui-Yang Zhu, Wen-Zhang Xiamen Key Laboratory of Development and Application for Advanced Semiconductor Coating Technology School of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China National Measurement and Testing Center for Flat Panel Display Industry Xiamen Institute of Measurement and Testing Xiamen361004 China National Integrated Circuit Industry and Education Integration Innovation Platform Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Department of Photonics & Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Da-Yeh University Changhua51591 Taiwan

The characteristics of amorphous Sn-doped Ga2O3 films deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature under different sputter powers have been demonstrated. A balance mechanism of energy supply and ion bombardment controlled by sputter power has been found during the deposition. The increasing growth rate as power can be due to the increased yield sputtering species indicated by an in situ optical emission spectroscopy. As the power increases to 700 W, an obvious change from discrete nanoparticles to flat-continuous film can be observed because of sufficient energy supply for oxidation reaction, which leads to the maximum ratio of lattice oxygen and Sn4+ indicating the optimal film quality and conductive property. However, a non-negligible high energy ion bombardment presented at 900 W leads to the degraded film quality. The influence of sputtering power on Sn-doped Ga2O3 solar-blind photodetectors is demonstrated. It can obtain a good performance with an ultra-low dark current density of 2.2 × 10−11 A/cm2, a substantial light-dark current ratio of 1.08 × 103 and fast rise/decay time of 1.59 s/0.54 s at 700 W. The revelation of the role of sputtering power on the properties of Sn-doped Ga2O3 films may offer an interesting direction for low-cost and high-performance solar-blind photodetectors. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Gallium compounds

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LEDs: High‐Efficiency and Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by a Solution‐Processed Metal‐Doped Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Interfacial Layer (Adv. Funct. Mater. 42/2017)

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advanced Functional Materials 2017年第42期27卷

作者： Fan Cao Haoran Wang Piaoyang Shen Xiaomin Li Yanqiong Zheng Yuequn Shang Jianhua Zhang Zhijun Ning Xuyong Yang Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Education of Ministry Shanghai University 149 Yanchang Road 200072 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong Shanghai 201210 China

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The Effect of Functionalized Silver on Rheological and Electrical Properties of Conductive Adhesives

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ECS Transactions 2011年第1期34卷

作者： Qiong Fan Huiwang Cui Chune Fu Dongsheng Li Xin Tang Zhichao Yuan Lilei Ye Johan Liu Ministry of Education and SMIT Center Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education and SMIT Center Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education and SMIT Center Shanghai University No.149 Yanchang Road Shanghai Shanghai 200072 China Shang Da Rui Hu Microsystem Integration Technology Co.Ltd Shanghai University SHT Smart High Tech AB Shanghai University SE-412 96 Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden

This research used low molecular surface modifiers, and observed that chemisorptions took place through the formation of a bond between silver surface and an adsorbed molecule, which improved the dispersion of silver flakes in the organic resin. Several different functionalizers, such as thioglycolic acid, silane and di-acid, were used to functionalize the silver surface. Results of shear viscosity, bulk resistivity etc. showed that by using these low molecular organic functionalizers, isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) with lower shear viscosity and better electrical conductivity at high silver fillers content were obtained. The adipic acid had the greatest effect on the rheological and electrical property of ICAs, so its weight percentage in silver flakes was also optimized; ICAs displayed the maximum electrical conductivity when there was 0.5 wt% of silver flakes.

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The design of AGV's dynamic wireless power transmission power supply based on Adaptive Weight Value Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第3期688卷

作者： Pingfan Ning Tiantong Li Pingjuan Niu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China Engineering Research Center of High Power Solid State Lighting Application System Ministry of Education Tianjin 300387 China

AGV is the application of modern factory intelligence and automation. With the development of wireless power transmission (WPT), its transmission efficiency and stability are getting higher and higher. However, from static charging to dynamic power supply, the cost of technology implementation has increased significantly. This paper proposed a method to supply power to logistics AGV by intermittent segment, established the binary coverage model according to the power coverage distance, and designed an Adaptive Weight Value Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (AWVMOGA) for this model to Optimizing the path design of sectional power supply. The influence of three weight value adaptive methods on the optimization results is analyzed, the effectiveness of the proposed method is analyzed and verified through case simulation.

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Bias-Switchable Dual-Mode Organic Photodetector with High Operational Stability Using Self-Trapped Cs3Cu2I5Interfacial Layer

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第30期136卷

作者： Zitong Zhang Junchuan Liu Lin Wang Qi Wei Mingjie Li Chunxiong Bao Qingzhen Bian Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Bio-optoelectronics (LAQB) State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710065 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 999077 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Conventional photovoltaic (PV)-photodetectors are hard to detect fainted signals, while photomultiplication (PM)-capable devices indispensable for detecting weak light and are prone to degrade under strong light illumination and large bias, and it is urgent to realize highly efficient integrated detecting system with both PM and PV operation modes. In this work, one lead-free Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 nanocrystals with self-trapping exciton nature was introduced as interfacial layer adjacent to bulk and layer-by-layer heterojunction structure, and corresponding organic photodetectors with bias-switchable dual modes are demonstrated. The fabricated device exhibits low operating bias (0 V for PV mode and 0.8 V for PM mode), high specific detectivity (~10 13 Jones), fast response speed as low as 1.59 μs, large bandwidth over 0.2 MHz and long-term operational stability last for 4 months in ambient condition. This synergy strategy also validated in different materials and device architectures, providing a convenient and scalable production process to develop highly efficient bias-switchable multi-functional organic optoelectrical applications.

关键词： organic photodetectors photomultiplication and photovoltaic modes operational stability self-trapped lead-free perovskite nanocrystal interfacial charge transfer

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Lead-Free Nanocrystals: Bright Blue Light-Emitting Doped Cesium Bromide Nanocrystals: Alternatives of Lead-Free Perovskite Nanocrystals for White LEDs (advanced Optical Materials 10/2019)

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advanced Optical Materials 2019年第10期7卷

作者： Zhiwen Yang Zhao Jiang Xinyi Liu Xiaochuan Zhou Jianhua Zhang Wanwan Li State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

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Design of PID temperature control system based on STM32

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018年第7期322卷

作者： Jianxin Zhang Hailin Li Kai Ma Liang Xue Bianhua Han Yuemeng Dong Yue Tan Chengru Gu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China Engineering Research Center of High Power Semiconductor Lighting Application System Education Department Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China

A rapid and high-accuracy temperature control system was designed using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm with STM32 as micro-controller unit (MCU). The temperature control system can be applied in the fields which have high requirements on the response speed and accuracy of temperature control. The temperature acquisition circuit in system adopted Pt1000 resistance thermometer as temperature sensor. Through this acquisition circuit, the monitoring actual temperature signal could be converted into voltage signal and transmitted into MCU. A TLP521-1 photoelectric coupler was matched with BD237 power transistor to drive the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) in FTA951 module. The effective electric power of TEC was controlled by the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals which generated by MCU. The PWM signal parameters could be adjusted timely by PID algorithm according to the difference between monitoring actual temperature and set temperature. The upper computer was used to input the set temperature and monitor the system running state via serial port. The application experiment results show that the temperature control system is featured by simple structure, rapid response speed, good stability and high temperature control accuracy with the error less than ±0.5°C.

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