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Enhancing the response of electrowetting-based liquid lenses with an advanced overload voltage method

Optics Letters 2025年第8期50卷 2739-2742页

作者： Ma, Xiangteng Zhao, Wenfeng Li, Xifeng Zhang, Janhua Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai200072 China Kunshan Xuanrou Optoelectronics Technology Co. Ltd. Suzhou215300 China

Liquid lenses based on electrowetting have a variety of applications in the fields of optics and imaging. A rapid and stable response to the applied driving voltage is crucial for the operation of such devices. This paper proposes an advanced voltage application with three-stage overload driving. This method effectively balances rapid response and stability of the liquid interface, while the conventional two-stage overload driving is associated with considerable oscillation of the liquid interface. Through simulation and experimentation of liquid lenses with different sizes, the three-stage method is identified as an efficient method to reduce the response time of the devices by optimizing the driving voltage and the duration time. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Optical instrument lenses

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Efficient and Stable Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Oriented Growth Regulation

IEEE Electron Device Letters

引用

IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第6期46卷 952-955页

作者： Zhang, Kun Zhang, Xiaofei Zhang, Chengxi Feng, Jie Kong, Lingmei Wang, Sheng Yang, Yingguo Wang, Lin Yang, Xuyong Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education Shanghai200072 China Jiangsu University of Science and Technology School of Science Zhenjiang212100 China Zhangjiang Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Shanghai China Fudan University School of Microelectronics Shanghai China

Metal halide perovskites have demonstrated remarkable progress in optoelectronic applications, including solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the long-term stability of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) remains a critical challenge, impeding their practical applications and commercialization. Herein, we regulate the growth kinetics of perovskites in liquid-solid stages by introducing 2,3,4,5, 6-pentafluorophenylphosphonic acid (PFBPA) into the precursor solution. The PFBPA molecules will create a protective passivation layer by coordinating with uncoordinated lead (Pb2+) on the perovskite surface, which regulates the growth of perovskite crystals during the liquid-solid stages and results in the formation of uniform perovskite films with reduced grain size. Moreover, the coordination of PFBPA with Pb2+ also improves the moisture resistance of perovskites, favoring the operational stability of devices. The resulting PeLED devices achieved a maximum brightness of 12426 cd m-2, a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.6%, and a remarkable operational stability with a half-lifetime exceeding 1187 hours at initial luminance of 100 cd m-2. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Perovskite

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Optimizing bendability of flexible electronic devices using a neutral layer strategy

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Moore and More 2025年第1期2卷 1-18页

作者： Wu, Majiaqi Jian, Maoliang Zhang, Jianhua Yang, Lianqiao School of Microelectronics Shanghai University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai China

The neutral layer (NL) strategy is a key technique for improving the bendability of flexible electronic devices. In this study, by considering a three-layer structure as an example, the results obtained by finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the NL gradually moved to the top surface of the film as the film thickness and Young’s modulus increased, which are similar to the results produced by theoretical calculations. Subsequently, we optimized the thickness of a single NL structure and the failure bending radius of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was reduced by 50% after optimization. In order to address the problems that affect the design of a single NL, we used optical clear adhesive (OCA) to generate multiple NLs. The FEA method was again applied to the structure and the results showed that decreasing the elastic modulus of the OCA and film thickness could reduce the maximum strain in the film. Finally, the effects of the OCA parameters on the protection of a multiple-layer ITO electrode structure were verified in bending experiments, which showed that the strain on ITO could be reduced from 5.6% to almost 0 in the two-electrode structure. The proposed strategies for designing single and multiple NLs can provide some guidance to facilitate optimizing the electronic infrastructure of flexible devices.

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Efficient Red Sn-Based Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes by A Competitive Antioxidation Strategy

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第6期46卷 948-951页

作者： Gong, Yingqun Shi, Yuxin Huo, Sitao Wang, Lin Zhang, Xiaofei Kong, Lingmei Wang, Sheng Yang, Yingguo Yang, Xuyong Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application Ministry of Education Shanghai200072 China Seoul National University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics Co. Ltd China Zhangjiang Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Shanghai China Fudan University School of Microelectronics Shanghai China

Tin (Sn)-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation displays because of their eco-friendliness, exceptional optoelectronic properties, and cost-effective solution processability. However, their electroluminescence performance still lags behind their lead (Pb) counterparts, primarily due to the undesired Sn2+ oxidation to Sn4+ and the rapid crystallization of Sn-based perovskite, resulting in high defect density as well as poor film quality. Herein, we reported a competitive antioxidation strategy by utilizing a phosphorus ylide, namely (triphenylphosphoranilidene) acetaldehyde (TPPA), to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ and regulate the growth kinetics, simultaneously. The TPPA with highly active polar phosphorus-carbon bonds can be oxidized prior to Sn2+, and their large steric hindrance can slow down the crystallization process of tin-based perovskite. Moreover, the main product from the oxidation reaction, namely triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), can further passivate defects by coordinating with SnI6 octahedra. The resulting Sn-based perovskite film exhibits enhanced optical properties and uniform, dense morphology. Leveraging these improvements, the optimized PeLED delivers pure-red light emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.69, 0.30), an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.1% and maximum luminance of 672 cd m-2. This work provides a facile route to enhance the overall performance of Sn-based PeLEDs. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Perovskite

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Evaluation of chromatic uniformity in mini-LED displays based on a gray-level co-occurrence matrix and the discrete Fourier transform

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Optics Express 2025年第8期33卷 16938-16951页

作者： Chen, Fangqi Lin, Kechuang Li, Yakai Li, Panpan Li, Jinchai Huang, Kai Kang, Junyong Zhang, Rong Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ministry of Education Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications Department of Physics Xiamen University Fujian Xiamen361005 China San’an Optoelectronics Co. Ltd. Fujian Xiamen361005 China Future Display Institute of Xiamen Fujian Xiamen361005 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210093 China

In the production of mini-light-emitting diodes (LEDs), chromatic discrepancies among chips have become a significant factor affecting display quality. The hybrid chip sorting method is commonly employed in mini-LED production to achieve efficient demura, but a comprehensive evaluation system is lacking. This study evaluates the chromatic uniformity of mini-LED arrays using a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). A scientific evaluation system was established to assess the chromatic uniformity of displays. Data from 270 wafers were collected to construct a comprehensive mini-LED arrays database. Experimental results demonstrate that this evaluation system accurately assesses texture information within images, revealing chromatic differences in local details as well as overall uniformity and periodic variations. These analytical methods are expected to effectively support the optimization of binning processes, enhance demura efficiency, and provide a scientific basis for process improvement and quality control. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms

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Analysis of Strain Distribution and Sensitivity Improvement of Optical Fiber Coils in Disc Optical Fiber Accelerometers

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第11期43卷 5473-5482页

作者： Mo, Haohao Wen, Kunhua Yang, Jun Ping, Xinyang An, Ran Wang, Shun Xu, Pengbai Yu, Zhangjun Wang, Yuncai Qin, Yuwen Guangdong University of Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Ministry of Education of China Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Physics and System Integration Applications Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong University of Technology Institute of Advanced Photonic Technology the School of Information Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Ministry Education of China Harbin Engineering University Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics Harbin150001 China Harbin Engineering University College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Harbin150001 China

Multi-turn optical fiber coils, as the key sensing components of Fiber Optic Disc Accelerometers (FODAs), significantly affect the FODA performances due to their layered structure. This paper explores the strain distribution characteristics of the optical fiber coils by utilizing the inherent properties of the FODA, supported by Finite Element Method (FEM) and high-precision Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). The results indicate that the simulation outcomes are largely consistent with the OFDR measurements, accurately reflecting the strain distribution within the optical fiber coils of the FODA. This analysis dose not requires additional external force application devices and carries no risk of damaging the FODA. Based on FEM, the simulation model is employed to optimize the existing structure, proposing a multi-turn optical fiber coil fabricated from ultra-fine diameter fiber. By altering the structure of optical fiber coil to make the internal strain distribution trend uniform, the sensitivity of the FODA is increased to approximately 150% of its original value. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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High-Performance Spiro Bifluoren-Based Charge Generation Layer for the Efficient and Thermal-Stability Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2025年

作者： Xu, Yachen Zhou, Qi Li, Chunya Wu, Ranghui Shi, Wei Lin, Yang Lan, Weixia Wei, Bin School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials Shanghai University Shanghai200072 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai University Shanghai200072 China

We have designed and synthesized 2-(9,9'-spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (SBFPA) and investigated its optoelectrical and thermal characteristics to apply it as a charge generation layer (CGL). The SBFPA-engaged CGL in tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) could efficiently generate and balance the injection of carriers. The current efficiency of the tandem red phosphorous OLED reached 31.2 cd/A at a luminance of 10,000 cd/m², which is 2.7 times that of the single OLED (11.6 cd/A). The decomposition temperature of SBFPA was as high as 342 ℃, which guaranteed the thermal stability of the tandem OLED. Moreover, the T95 lifetime (time to 95% of the initial luminance) of the tandem OLED reached 229 h. The charge generation ability of CGL was confirmed through a p-i-n-CGL-structured OLED, where CGL was inserted between the electron injection layer and the cathode to work as the source of electron generation. The maximum power efficiency of the OLED increased 30.9% to 10.46 lm/W, and the maximum luminescence enhanced 41.5% to 23925 cd/m2 compared to the OLED without CGL. The results highlight the promising application of the developed CGL in tandem OLED, offering new possibilities for development of reliable electronics. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Organic light emitting diodes (OLED)

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High-Density Sensor Array Based on a-IGZO TFT for Pressure and Light Response

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jianhua Zhou, Jixing Xue, Longwei Dai, Junshuai Zhang, Xudong Liu, Hai Chen, Longlong Zhao, Tingting Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Advance Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai200072 China Shanghai University Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Sensing Chip Technology School of Microelectronics Shanghai201800 China

Detection capabilities similar to those of eyeballs and skin, such as pressure and light sensing, are crucial for electronic skins, bionic eyeballs, human–machine interactions, and biomimetic robots. Previous studies have primarily focused on investigating individual physical quantities, while simultaneously mapping these quantities remains challenging. This article introduces a dual-parameter sensor array based on amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The array is capable of simultaneously and independently detecting pressure (106.9 kPa-1, ranging from 0.5 to 10 kPa) and ultraviolet (UV) light (0.5 (μW/cm2)-1, ranging from 0 to 76 μW2). The pressure detection is achieved through a patterned conductive film connected to the source electrode of the TFTs, while the UV light is detected by photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the a-IGZO channel. Integration of TFTs increase the spatial resolution of both the pressure and light sensor array to 128 pixels per square centimeter (PPSC). The development of this dual-parameter high-density sensor array holds profound significance for applications in biomimetic eyeballs and electronic skin, such as texture and shape recognition. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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Dependence of charge trapping of fluorescent and phosphorescent dopants in organic light-emitting diodes on the dye species and current density

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第3期19卷 450-455页

作者：魏斌廖英杰刘纪忠路林曹进王军张建华 Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education Shanghai University

This paper utilizes multilayer organic light-emitting diodes with a thin layer of dye molecules to study the mech- anism of charge trapping under different electric regimes. It demonstrates that the carrier trapping was independent of the current density in devices using fluorescent material as the emitting molecule while this process was exactly opposite when phosphorescent material was used. The triplet-triplet annihilation and dissociation of excitons into free charge carriers was considered to contribute to the decrease in phosphorescent emission under high electric fields. Moreover, the fluorescent dye molecule with a lower energy gap and ionized potential than the host emitter was observed to facilitate the carrier trapping mechanism, and it would produce photon emission.

关键词： organic light-emitting diodes excitation mechanism charge trapping current density

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Efficiency enhancement in DIBSQ：PC71BM organic photovoltaic cells by using Liq-doped Bphen as a cathode buffer layer

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2017年第3期11卷 233-240页

作者： Guo CHEN Changfeng SI Pengpeng ZHANG Kunping GUO Saihu PAN Wenqing ZHU Bin WEI Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications (Ministry of Education) Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China

We have improved the photovoltaic performance of 2,4-bis[4-（N,N- diisobutylamino）-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine：[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester （DIBSQ：PC71BM） organic photovoltaic （OPV） cells via incorporating Liq-doped Bphen （Bphen-Liq） as a cathode buffer layer （CBL）. Based on the Bphen-Liq CBL, a DIBSQ：PC71BM OPV cell possessed an optimal power conversion efficiency of 4.90%, which was 13% and 60% higher than those of the devices with neat Bphen as CBL and without CBL, respectively. The enhancement of the device performance could be attributed to the enhanced electron mobility and improved electrode/active layer contact and thus the improved photocurrent extraction by incorporating the Bphen-Liq CBL. Light-intensity dependent device performance analysis indicates that the incorporating of the Bphen-Liq CBL can remarkably improve the charge transport of the DIBSQ：PC71BM OPV cell and thus decrease the recombination losses of the device, resulting in enhanced device performance. Our finding indicates that the doped Bphen-Liq CBL has great potential for high-performance solution-processed small-molecule OPVs.

关键词： organic photovoltaic cells squaraine cathode buffer layer power conversion efficiency solution-process

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