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Effects of depth of discharge on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4-graphite pouch cells

Solid State Ionics 2025年 427卷

作者： Qiao, Xin Mu, Yahao Peng, Jian Pei, Bo Wang, Shuo Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion Wuhan430064 China Center of Smart Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Material Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Lithium iron phosphate-graphite (LFP-C) batteries are widely used in energy storage and electric vehicles due to their high safety and good cycling stability. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research to investigate the impact of depth of discharge (DOD) on LFP-C pouch cells. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of DOD (2.5 V and 1.5 V) on the cycling performance of LFP-C pouch cells, and the evolution of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. In comparison to a DOD of 2.5 V, the cell with a DOD of 1.5 V exhibits a rapid capacity degradation after 50 cycles. Combined with comprehensive characterizations, the mechanism of battery decay has been revealed. A deeper discharge to 1.5 V results in an increase in the disorder of graphite. Additionally, the organic components in the SEI layer decreases, while the Li2CO3, LiF, and Li3PO4 inorganic products enrich due to the continued decomposition of electrolyte. Meanwhile, the pouch cells generate a considerable quantity of H2 and minor CH4 gases. This study will pave the way to understand the effects of overdischarge on the electrochemical performance of commercial pouch cells and the evolution mechanism of CEI/SEI layers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Battery Pack

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Large-scale manufacturing sulfide superionic conductor for advancing all-solid-state batteries

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Matter 2025年

作者： Wang, Shuo Lou, Chenjie Wu, Xinbin Lin, Jing Gautam, Ajay Li, Shenghao Huang, Jielei Cheng, Zhu Zhang, Shengnan Zhang, Xin Strauss, Florian Brezesinski, Torsten Luo, Guoqiang Tang, Mingxue Shen, Yang Lin, Yuanhua Nan, Ce-Wen Center of Smart Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Material Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing100094 China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Kaiserstr. 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology JB Delft2629 Netherlands

Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivities are favorable solid electrolytes (SEs) for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, their low preparation efficiency and poor cycling performance hinder their large-scale applications. In this work, we demonstrate successful large-scale production (over 1 kg per batch for the first time) of Li5.5PS4.5Cl0.75Br0.75 (LPSCB) by fast dry mixing followed by annealing, which presents high room temperature ionic conductivities of 13 mS cm−1 for cold-pressed and 25 mS cm−1 for sintered pellets. Combining neutron powder diffraction and 6Li → 7Li tracer-exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements, we show that intercage jumps frequently occur through the 48h-16e-48h pathway in LPSCB, promoting the overall lithium conduction. The assembled ASSBs using LPSCB and a LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 electrode can be cycled for over 2,500 cycles at a 0.5 C rate and 1,800 cycles at a 2 C rate without any capacity degradation. Our results will accelerate the commercialization of sulfide SE for ASSBs. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Neutron powder diffraction

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Chemical homogeneity enables long-term stability of cobalt-free high-voltage spinel cathode materials

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Zeng, Chunlin Chen, Guanjun Zhang, Qian Li, Yan Dai, Chengzhi Zhao, Ruotong Mu, Shichun Zeng, Weihao Yang, Jinlong Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Electrocatalytic Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Cobalt-free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is a highly competitive spinel cathode material due to the Ni2+/4+ redox couple, which alleviates Jahn-Teller distortion and offers a high redox potential near 5 V. However, its limited cycling life remains a major obstacle to large-scale application, primarily due to severe interfacial instability. Here, we identify chemical inhomogeneity as a limiting factor contributing to this instability, which leads to increased oxygen vacancies and rock-salt phase formation on the particle surface, resulting in poor cycling stability. In contrast, we demonstrate that chemically homogeneous LNMO (CH-LNMO), synthesized via a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted solid-state method, exhibits a uniform Ni/Mn distribution and improved interfacial stability, which achieves excellent cycling performance, with a capacity retention of 90.32 % after 1000 cycles at 2C. We further reveal that chemical homogeneity enhances Ni/Mn ordering in the structure and decreases the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn3+, thereby mitigating interfacial reactions and transition metal ion dissolution. This work underscores the critical role of chemical homogeneity in large-scale synthesis and provides a viable approach for improving the long-term cycling stability of cathode materials. © 2025

关键词： Jahn-Teller effect

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Dioxole-contained perfluorosulfonated ionomers with different equivalent weights as catalyst binder and proton conductor for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Fuel 2025年 399卷

作者： Wang, Cairong Tong, Yao Wang, Yadong Tang, Haolin Zhang, Haining State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd. Wuhan430070 China Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Foshan528200 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan430070 China

Improving the oxygen transport ability without sacrificing proton conductivity in cathode catalyst layer is an essential way to increase the performance, thereby reducing platinum usage of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report the influence of equivalent weight of dioxole-contained highly oxygen permeable perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers as catalyst binder and proton conductor in cathode catalyst layer on the performance of PEMFC. The results reveal that the increase in the fraction of dioxole segments leads to the enhanced oxygen permeation but the decreased proton conductivity in catalyst layer. With optimization of equivalent weight of the synthesized ionomers, the accordingly assembled cell with platinum loading of 0.125 mg cm−2 for both anode and cathode exhibits an improved concentration polarization, leading to an increased peak power density by 166 mW cm−2 at current density of 2900 mA cm−2 compared to Nafion ionomer-based PEMFC at 2800 mA cm−2 using hydrogen and air as reactant gases. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Oxygen permeable membranes

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Transmittance improvement and photocatalyst performance of complex environment tolerant SiO2-TiO2 thin film on photovoltaic glass

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Liu, Jiacheng Zhang, Mengya Zhang, Jihong Zhang, Qinghuang Han, Jianjun Xie, Jun Cao, Shaowen State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Hongshan Hubei Wuhan430070 China Hepu Research Center for Silicate Materials Industry Technology 27 Huanzhu Avenue Hepu County Beihai536100 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Hongshan Hubei Wuhan430070 China

The transmittance and surface condition of photovoltaic cover glass determine the energy conversion efficiency of specific solar cells modulus. In this study, TiO2-SiO2 based complex thin film were fabricated on PV glass and the transmittance, self-cleaning, and environmental tolerance performances were investigated. TiO2-SiO2 based precursors with different SiO2 contents and additives were prepared using sol-gel method, and coated on photovoltaic glass substrates by spin-coating technique with optimized parameters for thin film fabrication. The microstructure analysis reveals the decreasing rutile TiO2 crystalline with higher SiO2 content in thin film probably due to lower TiO2 content and the formation of Ti-O-Si bond, which impedes TiO2 crystal growth. The morphologies and elements distribution of thin film proves the formation of SiO2/TiO2 core-shell like structure in thin film. The transmittance of coated photovoltaic glass in visible range is improved from 91.60 % to 93.94 %, with optimized TiO2/SiO2 ratio. Accordingly, the monocrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency increases from 16.35 % to 16.68 %, about 0.33 % efficiency increase due to TiO2-SiO2 thin film coating. In addition, the thin film shows excellent photocatalyst behavior from 95.40 % methylene blue dye degradation rate under Xeon lamp irradiation, and super hydrophilic property from 0° contact angle, which confirms the excellent self-cleaning performance. The transmittance of coated photovoltaic glass recovers from less than 80 % with MB simulated pollutant contamination, to 92.97 % after degradation under Xeon lamp irradiation, and the solar cell conversion efficiency changes from 13.15 % to 16.55 %. In addition, the transmittance and solar cell conversion remain almost unchanged after low temperature freezing, and slightly decrease from first time sand scrubbing then keep stable with more cycles. The results indicate the excellent anti-pollution, low temperature tolerance, and wear

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Simultaneous Enhancement of Electron and Phonon Transport Properties via Magnetism Phase Transition in FexCo2-xTiGe Heusler Alloy

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Small 2025年第21期21卷 e2500154页

作者： Li, Yongqiang Wang, Hanwen Cui, Wenjun Lin, Weixiao Sun, Yue Zhao, Wen Sang, Xiahan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Wuhan University of Technology Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen518000 China Nanostructure Research Center Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Shandong Qingdao266580 China

Magnetism offers an additional degree of freedom to control the electron and phonon transport properties of thermoelectric materials through various thermoelectromagnetic effects. To better understand the interplay among spin, carriers, and phonons, it is important to design material systems with intrinsic magnetic and thermoelectric properties. Here, it is demonstrated that Fe doping of the full Heusler alloy Co2TiGe simultaneously enhances its magnetic and thermoelectric performance. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals that Fe atoms preferentially substitute for Co atoms within the Co2TiGe lattice, leading to increased saturation magnetization and a higher Curie temperature. This Fe substitution reduces the carrier concentration, enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and power factor, while also increasing magnetic scattering due to spin fluctuations during the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced by enhanced phonon scattering from secondary phases and point defects. Consequently, a maximum ZT value of 0.066 is achieved at 600 K for Fe0.4Co1.6TiGe, representing a 663% increase compared to the undoped Co2TiGe. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Saturation magnetization

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Boosting oxygen evolution of LiCoO2 electrocatalysts via lithium defect

Materials Today Catalysis

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materials Today Catalysis 2025年 8卷

作者： Li, Huamei Li, Mengyuan Liao, Lingling Yang, Han Xiang, Kun Luo, Guoqiang Xie, Mingjiang School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430205 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Key Lab for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials College of Chemical Engineering Huanggang Normal University Huanggang438000 China

The challenge of the complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER) currently impedes the efficient production of hydrogen via electrolytic water splitting. To address this issue, the development and improvement of effective electrocatalysts are required. LiCoO2, a key material in lithium-ion batteries, has shown promising potential as an electrocatalyst for electrochemical energy conversion. However, OER catalysts derived from LiCoO2 have faced obstacles such as high overpotential and a complicated preparation process. In this study, the preparation method is adjusted to optimize the synthesis of Li1-xCoO2 with a defective structure, resulting in an impressive overpotential of only 290 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and a remarkable Tafel slope of 15.2 mV dec−1. The exceptional catalytic activity of Li1-xCoO2 can be attributed to the absence of Li, which triggers oxidative alterations in the electronic structure of Co. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Li defects can influence the d-band center of active Co sites, enhancing the adsorption capabilities of Co sites towards *OOH intermediates and increasing the conductivity of the electrocatalyst during the OER process. These alterations improve the velocity of the crucial step in the reaction, ultimately boosting the catalyst's overall performance and efficiency. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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A numerical method for predicting bursting strength of composite rocket motor case considering filament winding process-induced stress

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第2期 509-522页

作者： Jiqiu LIANG Fei ZHAO Dan WU Anxin DING Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Aerospace Propulsion Technology System Design Institute of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academy School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

A numerical method to predict the bursting strength of filament wound composite rocket motor case is proposed here. This method can evaluate the longitudinal stress evolution of each composite layer as impregnated filaments with fiber tension are wound layer by layer, and consider the effects of accumulated stress and deformation during filament winding on the bursting strength of composite case. Taking ?520 mm composite cases as a case study, the filament-winding-processinduced stress and deformation as well as progressive damage behavior are numerically predicted,followed by a comparison with experimental results. The numerical results show that the predicted bursting pressures for composite cases manufactured on the mandrels with and without a flexible component are 14.20 MPa and 21.40 MPa, respectively. These values exhibit slight deviation from the measured pressures of 13.50 MPa and 21.57 MPa. Moreover, the predicted damage locations,situated respectively in the dome and cylinder, agree well with the experimental observation. These observations indicate that use of flexible component reduces the load-bearing capacity of the ***, it validates the reliability and accuracy of the proposed numerical method in predicting the bursting strength of composite cases.

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Effects of Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Interface of Hot Isostatic Pressing Densified Low Alloy Steel with Inconel 690 Cladding

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Xiyou Jinshu Cailiao Yu Gongcheng/Rare Metal materials and Engineering 2025年第4期54卷 879-885页

作者： Yu, Lei Cao, Rui Ma, Jinyuan Yan, Yingjie Dong, Hao Wang, Caiqin State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China Advanced Technology & Materials Co. Ltd Beijing100081 China Hebei Hot Isostatic Pressing Technology Innovation Center Zhuozhou072750 China

The microstructure, micro-hardness, and tensile properties of interface between hot isostatic pressing densified low alloy steel and Inconel 690 cladding were investigated during the aging process at 600 ℃. The results show that the interface region can be divided into four zones from base metal to deposited metal: carbon-depleted zone (CDZ), partial melting zone (PMZ), planar growth zone (PGZ), and brownish feature zone (BFZ). Dimensions of these zones do not significantly change during aging. However, type I carbides noticeably increase in size in the PMZ, and precipitates clearly occur in the PGZ. The main reason for their growth and occurrence is continuous carbon migration. The highest micro-hardness appears in the PGZ and BFZ regions, which is related to carbon accumulation and precipitates in these regions. Tensile failure occurs on the base metal side due to the high strength mismatch between these two materials. The CDZ, composed of only ferrite, has lower strength and fractures at the boundary between CDZ and base metal. The ultimate tensile strength decreases by only 50 MPa after aging for 1500 h, and the interface region maintains high strength without significant deformation. Copyright © 2025, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research. Published by Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Ablation behavior and mechanism of MoSi2/mica/HSM modified CF/BPR composites during prolonged ablation of oxyacetylene flame

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Zhang, Shiquan Zhang, Jian Hu, Sheng Zhang, Ruizhi Li, Junguo Shen, Qiang State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Hubei Xiangyang441000 China School of Chemical and Environment Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi445000 China

Ablative thermal protection materials are widely used in entry and re-entry vehicles which benefit from their strong adaptability. However, long-term ablation has been a limitation due to the consumption of the matrix of the ablative materials. In this work, the microstructure evolution and ablation properties of the MoSi2/mica-modified CF/BPR composites with and without hollow silicate glass microspheres (HSMs) under protracted ablation have been investigated. The mass ablation rates decreased while the linear ablation rates increased when the ablation times were prolonged. The composites with 30 vol.% HSMs have good insulation properties, shown by a lower backside temperature of 240.9 °C after 100 s of ablation. The decrease in thermal conductivity limited heat transfer in both the axial and horizontal directions. This led to heat concentration and severe ablation at the central surface. The three-dimensional porous and the ladder structure formed in the transfer region, and the features gradually disappeared while extending the ablation times because of the flame erosion and formed liquid phases. The heat diffusion and concentration within the matrix established a gradient temperature field, which determined the ablation behavior and mechanism, providing valuable insights for the development of advanced ablative thermal protection materials. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Silicates

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