Direct electrochemical seawater splitting is a renewable, scalable, and potentially economic approach for green hydrogen production in environments where ultra-pure water is not readily available. However, issues rela...
详细信息
Direct electrochemical seawater splitting is a renewable, scalable, and potentially economic approach for green hydrogen production in environments where ultra-pure water is not readily available. However, issues related to low durability caused by complex ions in seawater pose great challenges for its industrialization. In this review, a mechanistic analysis of durability issues of electrolytic seawater splitting is discussed. We critically analyze the development of seawater electrolysis and identify the durability challenges at both the anode and cathode. Particular emphasis is given to elucidating rational strategies for designing electrocatalysts/electrodes/interfaces with long lifetimes in realistic seawater including inducing passivating anion layers, preferential OH − adsorption, employing anti-corrosion materials, fabricating protective layers, immobilizing Cl − on the surface of electrocatalysts, tailoring Cl − adsorption sites, inhibition of OH − binding to Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , inhibition of Mg and Ca hydroxide precipitation adherence, and co-electrosynthesis of nano-sized Mg hydroxides. synthesis methods of electrocatalysts/electrodes and innovations in electrolyzer are also discussed. Furthermore, the prospects for developing seawater splitting technologies for clean hydrogen generation are summarized. We found that researchers have rethought the role of Cl − ions, as well as more attention to cathodic reaction and electrolyzers, which is conducive to accelerate the commercialization of seawater electrolysis.
In the paper, we used the LS-DYNA FE code to simulate the bullet penetration against the target plate with different ceramic-steel ratio of thickness. The main stages of the bullet penetration and damage contours of t...
In the paper, we used the LS-DYNA FE code to simulate the bullet penetration against the target plate with different ceramic-steel ratio of thickness. The main stages of the bullet penetration and damage contours of the target were studied by analyzing the residual velocity-time curves. We also studied energy absorption of the ceramic/metal target. Considering curves of residual velocity-time, we reckon the process of penetration contains four stages. Ceramic performed good resistance before the formation of damage cone of ceramic. But after the damage cone formed, the anti-penetration behavior kept declining. When the bullet started to penetrate the layer of metal, the anti-penetration behavior of target rose slightly. Compared with thickness ratio of 0.4 and 0.6, ceramic with 0.2 absorbed more energy and works longer. Of several different thicknesses, layers of ceramic and steel were studied. Steel per cm absorbed more energy than ceramic per cm.
Owing to their ubiquitous use by natural systems, Au fractal structures by electrodeposition have been included in the design of new functional materials , yet a need exists for studying probe factors that influence t...
Owing to their ubiquitous use by natural systems, Au fractal structures by electrodeposition have been included in the design of new functional materials , yet a need exists for studying probe factors that influence the nature of materials produced in this process. In this investigation, we observe the presence of HCl results in a uniform structure of individual Au clusters. Also, the increase of deposition potential causes a decreasing size of Au cluster by accelerating the deposition process . Finally, as the deposition time becomes longer, significant increases occur in areas, densities, and fractal dimensions of individual Au clusters on the biointerface.
In this article, mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al+α-Al2O3 composites are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The configurations of matrix and volume fraction of α-Al2O3 may affect the mecha...
In this article, mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al+α-Al2O3 composites are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The configurations of matrix and volume fraction of α-Al2O3 may affect the mechanical properties of the particle reinforced metal-matrix composites and are taken into account. The potentials for the Al+α-Al2O3 system developed by Xin Lai et al. are adopted to depict the interactions between Al and α-Al2O3. Monocrystal Al and Bicrystal Al based α-Al2O3 particle reinforced nanocomposites are modelled respectively. Results show that: (1) volume fraction of the particles has no explicit effects on the elastic modulus and ultimate strength in both monocrystal Al and bicrystal Al based matrix nanocomposites, (2) disappearance of valley in the stress-strain curve of bicrystal Al results from existence of dislocation in matrix of various orientations.
Antireflection (AR) coating is of great significance in controlling the reflection index (RI), which influences optical performance of the system. Comparing to the traditional absorbing materials, single layer graphen...
Antireflection (AR) coating is of great significance in controlling the reflection index (RI), which influences optical performance of the system. Comparing to the traditional absorbing materials, single layer graphene with much lower mass density, absorbs 2.3% of light at visible frequencies, which makes it an ideal candidate for use in mass-sensitive systems. The electrochemical anisotropic etching and electrophoretic deposition of graphene can minimize the RI of Aluminum material to 1%, meanwhile the mechanical properties of the coating is acceptable. Electrochemical anisotropic etching (EAE) with prior cathodic polarization during anodic etching, forms homogeneous digital AR structure on the centimeter-scale Aluminum material surface, with pit number density and size distribution controllable and improved interfacial binding force. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) forms graphene-oxide-based nanostructures on the three-dimensional Aluminum surface from Graphene oxide aqueous suspension. The graphene-based AR coating is achieved through the catalytic reduction of graphene oxide by visible light with N-doped TiO2 as photocatalyst. By electrochemical treatment, we manufacture the high efficiency absorbtion ability and low RI optical surface of Aluminum material, through conducting digital AR structure and homogeneous AR coating.
Epitaxial strain provides important pathways to control the magnetic and electronic states in transition-metal oxides. However, the large strain is usually accompanied by a strong reduction of the oxygen-vacancy forma...
详细信息
Epitaxial strain provides important pathways to control the magnetic and electronic states in transition-metal oxides. However, the large strain is usually accompanied by a strong reduction of the oxygen-vacancy formation energy, which hinders the direct manipulation of their intrinsic properties. Here, using a postdeposition ozone annealing method, we obtain a series of oxygen stoichiometric SrCoO3 thin films with the tensile strain up to 3.0%. We observe a robust ferromagnetic ground state in all strained thin films, while interestingly the tensile strain triggers a distinct metal-to-insulator transition along with the increase of the tensile strain. The persistent ferromagnetic state across the electrical transition therefore suggests that the magnetic state is directly correlated with the localized electrons, rather than the itinerant ones, which then calls for further investigation of the intrinsic mechanism of this magnetic compound beyond the double-exchange mechanism.
Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are regarded as one of the next-generation electrolytes to promote the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their unparalleled advantages compared to both liquid elect...
详细信息
Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are regarded as one of the next-generation electrolytes to promote the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their unparalleled advantages compared to both liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes. However, its application in LMBs is limited by electrode interface compatibility. Here, we introduce a novel solid dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN)-based DEE induced by N coordination to dissociate LiTFSI. We confirmed that the DMMN molecule can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI by the interaction between the N atom and Li + , and form the hydrogen bond with TFSI − anion, which can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI to form DEE. More importantly, due to the absence of active α-hydrogen, DMMN exhibits greatly enhanced reduction stability with Li metal, resulting in favorable electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility. Polymer electrolytes based on this DEE exhibit high ionic conductivity (0.67 mS cm −1 at 25 °C), high oxidation voltage (5.0 V vs. Li + /Li), favorable interfacial stability, and nonflammability. Li‖LFP and Li‖NCM811 full batteries utilizing this DEE polymer electrolyte exhibit excellent long-term cycling stability and excellent rate performance at high rates. Therefore, the new DMMN-based DEE overcomes the limitations of traditional electrolytes in electrode interface compatibility and opens new possibilities for improving the performance of LMBs.
暂无评论